The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Psychological flexibility and inflexibility as sources of resiliency and risk during a pandemic: Modeling the cascade of COVID-19 stress on family systems with a contextual behavioral science lens
Open accessAbstract
Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the historic economic shutdown and stay-at-home efforts to slow its spread have radically impacted the lives of families across the world, completely disrupting routines and challenging them to adjust to new health risks as well as to new work and family demands. The current study applied a contextual behavioral science lens to the spillover hypothesis of Family Systems Theory to develop a multi-stage mechanistic model for how COVID-19 stress could impact family and child functioning and how parents' psychological flexibility could shape those processes.Methods A total of 742 coparents (71% female; 84% Caucasian, 85% married, M = 41 years old) of children (ages 5-18, M = 9.4 years old, 50% male) completed an online survey from March 27th to the end of April 2020.Results Path analyses highlighted robust links from parent inflexibility to all components of the model, predicting: greater COVID-19 stress, greater coparenting discord and family discord, greater caustic parenting, and greater parent and child distress. Parent flexibility was associated with greater family cohesion, lower family discord and greater use of constructive parenting strategies (inductive, democratic/autonomy supportive, positive). Results further suggested that COVID-19 stressors predicted greater family and coparent discord, which in turn predicted greater use of caustic parenting (reactive, inconsistent, aggressive), which in turn predicted greater child and parent distress.Conclusions The current results highlight parental flexibility and inflexibility as key points of intervention for helping families navigate the current global health crisis, highlighting the crucial role they play in the lives of families.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“During the pandemic PF has also been found to moderate the relationships between social isolation and depression and anxiety (Smith et al., 2020), COVID-19 risk factors and mental health difficulties (Pakenham et al., 2020), COVID-19 stressors and suicide risk (Crasta et al., 2020) and psychological distress within family systems (Daks et al., 2020).”
From Behind the masks: A cross-sectional study on intolerance of uncertainty, perceived vulnerability to disease and psychological flexibility in relation to state anxiety and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as Daks et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“and a moderating role between the psychological impacts of COVID-19 and mental health outcomes and wellbeing (Chong et al., 2021; Crasta et al., 2020; Daks et al., 2020; Pakenham et al., 2020; Smith et al., 2020).”
From Behind the masks: A cross-sectional study on intolerance of uncertainty, perceived vulnerability to disease and psychological flexibility in relation to state anxiety and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as Daks et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As stated, caregivers with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress are at higher risk of negative consequences due to COVID-19 and the quarantine (Brooks et al., 2020, Brown et al., 2020, Daks et al., 2020).”
From Brief Transdiagnostic Intervention for Parents With Emotional Disorder Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Example (2021) · cites this paper as Daks et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Some of these identify psychological flexibility, or the ability to act with openness, awareness, and engagement (Hayes et al., 2006) as an important target in the treatment and recovery of those adversely affected”
From Health, well-being, and persisting symptoms in the pandemic: What is the role of psychological flexibility? (2022) · cites this paper as Daks et al., 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910
Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Wang, Y., Song, B., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3 · Cited by 27,263 · cited 1×
“Given the high lethality of COVID-19 (e.g., Zhou et al., 2020) and its high communicability (e.g., Kucharski et al., 2020), countries and local municipalities have taken drastic steps rarely seen in the last 100 years (i.e., stay at home orders and social distancing policies) to address this public…”
BackgroundAcceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006 · Cited by 6,587 · cited 1×
“More specifically, ACT-based interventions have been shown to reduce parental distress among parents of children with autism (Blackledge & Hayes, 2006), to reduce both the use of lax parenting and child behavior problems in families with children with cerebral palsy (Whittingham, Sanders, McKinlay,…”
THE McMASTER FAMILY ASSESSMENT DEVICE*
Epstein, N. B., Baldwin, L. M., & Bishop, D. S. (1983) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1983.tb01497.x · Cited by 3,584
Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.87 · Cited by 3,277
Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health
Kashdan, T. B., & Rottenberg, J. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001 · Cited by 3,054
Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research.
Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.5.2.278 · Cited by 2,767 · cited 1×
“These links are consistent with studies that have shown how extremely difficult situations can strain family functioning (e.g., Allen et al., 2000; Pedersen & Revenson, 2005), which in turn impacts parenting behaviors (e.g., Krishnakumar & Buehler, 2000), which is ultimately linked to individual…”
Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study
Kucharski, A. J., Russell, T., Diamond, C., Liu, Y., Edmunds, J., Funk, S., Eggo, R. M., Sun, F., Jit, M., Munday, J. D., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30144-4 · Cited by 2,699
Economic Stress, Coercive Family Process, and Developmental Problems of Adolescents
Conger, R. D., Ge, X., Elder, G. H., Lorenz, F. O., & Simons, R. L. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00768.x · Cited by 2,005
Relational frame theory: a post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition
Barnes‐Holmes, Y., Hayes, S. C., Barnes‐Holmes, D., & Roche, B. T. (2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-2482 · Cited by 1,975
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Berasategi Santxo, N., Idoiaga Mondragon, N., & Dosil Santamaría, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620718 · Cited by 372
Spiritual Well-Being and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy
Coppola, I., Rania, N., Parisi, R., & Lagomarsino, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626944 · Cited by 225
“Furthermore, even though families faced numerous stresses during the lockdown (92, 93) they still reported a perception of greater mental health than singles who had to go through this period alone, in quarantine at home, inevitably perceiving less material and emotional support.”
BackgroundMcCracken, L. M., Badinlou, F., Buhrman, M., & Brocki, K. C. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.11.003 · Cited by 146
Cassinat, J. R., Whiteman, S. D., Serang, S., Dotterer, A. M., Mustillo, S. A., Maggs, J. L., & Kelly, B. C. (2021) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001217 · Cited by 146
Family resilience and psychological distress in the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods study.
Eales, L., Ferguson, G. M., Gillespie, S., Smoyer, S., & Carlson, S. M. (2021) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001221 · Cited by 154
Bentenuto, A., Mazzoni, N., Giannotti, M., Venuti, P., & de Falco, S. (2020) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103840 · Cited by 148
Eales, L., Gillespie, S., Alstat, R. A., Ferguson, G. M., & Carlson, S. M. (2021) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13652 · Cited by 139
“A focus on parental mental health during and after the pandemic will be important moving forward, especially as their mental health has implications for their child's well- being during this time (e.g., Daks et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCorbett, B. A., Muscatello, R. A., Klemencic, M. E., & Schwartzman, J. M. (2021) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2521 · Cited by 137
“…parenting stress may be further exacerbated by the welldocumented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic on family life (Brown et al., 2020; Daks et al., 2020; Park et al., 2020; Spinelli et al., 2020), which likely influences parent perceptions of their own stress and that of their child.”
BackgroundLife Interrupted: Family Routines Buffer Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Bates, C. R., Nicholson, L. M., Rea, E. M., Hagy, H. A., & Bohnert, A. M. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02063-6 · Cited by 88
Penna, A. L., de Aquino, C. M., Pinheiro, M. S. N., do Nascimento, R. L. F., Farías-Antúnez, S., Araújo, D. A. B. S., Mita, C., Machado, M. M. T., & Castro, M. C. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15003-4 · Cited by 88
“The role of parental personality traits such as neuroticism or psychological flexibility were scrutinized as components of complex models correlating children and parental mental health, moderated, for instance, by family functioning impact or presence of other family members outside the maternal-infant dyad [44, 121].”
BackgroundCohen, Z. P., Cosgrove, K. T., DeVille, D. C., Akeman, E., Singh, M. K., White, E. J., Stewart, J. L., Aupperle, R. L., Paulus, M. P., & Kirlić, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.622608 · Cited by 85
Browne, D. T., Wade, M., May, S. S., Jenkins, J. M., & Prime, H. (2021) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001237 · Cited by 81
Landi, G., Pakenham, K. I., Crocetti, E., Tossani, E., & Grandi, S. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.067 · Cited by 74
Boldt, K., Coenen, M., Movsisyan, A., Voss, S., Rehfuess, E., Kunzler, A. M., Lieb, K., & Jung-Sievers, C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052361 · Cited by 72
“Accordingly, parental inflexibility was predictive of greater COVID-19-related stress, leading to worsened family cohesion, higher family discord and reduced child and parent well-being [40].”
BackgroundThe impact of oxidative stress damage induced by the environmental stressors on COVID-19
Bakadia, B. M., Boni, B. O. O., Ahmed, A. A. Q., & Yang, G. (2020) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118653 · Cited by 66
“reported, predicting greater co-parent and family discord [37].”
COVID-19: Financial Stress and Well-Being in Families
Rodrigues, M. M. M., Silva, R., & Franco, M. (2021) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x211057009 · Cited by 67
“However, when facing a pandemic crisis, having a stable professional situation does not mean this uncertain environment has no individual consequences (e.g. negative feelings) (Blustein et al., 2020) or financial stress, with different impacts on families (Daks et al., 2020; Friedline et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialStracke, M., Heinzl, M., Müller, A. D., Gilbert, K., Thorup, A. A. E., Paul, J. L., & Christiansen, H. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054485 · Cited by 61
Feather, G., & Williams, M. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.12.007 · Cited by 48
Rogge, R. D., & Daks, J. S. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01537-w · Cited by 50
“Future work could even seek to apply the UFM model to clarify links between mindfulness and family functioning (e.g., Daks et al. 2020; Miklósi et al. 2017; Parent et al. 2010) or romantic relationship functioning (e.g., Barnes et al. 2007; Khaddouma and Gordon 2018; see Daks and Rogge 2020 for a…”
BackgroundSelf-citationProblemli İnternet Kullanımında Güncel Bir Risk Faktörü: COVID-19 Pandemisi
Baltacı, Ö., Akbulut, Ö. F., & Yılmaz, E. (2021) · Humanistic Perspective · doi:10.47793/hp.872503 · Cited by 58
Werchan, D. M., Hendrix, C. L., Ablow, J. C., Amstadter, A. B., Austin, A., Babineau, V., Bogat, G. A., Cioffredi, L., Conradt, E. D., Crowell, S. E., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05299-4 · Cited by 48
Whitt‐Woosley, A., Sprang, G., & Eslinger, J. G. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105444 · Cited by 43
Mallett, R., Coyle, C., Kuang, Y., & Gillanders, D. T. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.09.003 · Cited by 46
Chong, Y. Y., Frey, E., Chien, W. T., Cheng, H. Y., & Gloster, A. T. (2023) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.12874 · Cited by 42
Lappalainen, P., Lappalainen, R., Keinonen, K., Kaipainen, K., Puolakanaho, A., Muotka, J., & Kiuru, N. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.12.001 · Cited by 41
COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown and Wellbeing: Experiences from Aotearoa New Zealand in 2020
Officer, T. N., Imlach, F., McKinlay, E. M., Kennedy, J., Pledger, M. J., Russell, L., Churchward, M., Cumming, J., & McBride‐Henry, K. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042269 · Cited by 49
“More recent research suggested high anxiety and burnout amongst parents and increasing negative and positive expressed emotions [27–29], although, parenting flexibility appeared linked to greater family cohesion [30].”
BackgroundYao, X., Xu, X., Chan, K. L., Chen, S., Assink, M., & Gao, S. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.116 · Cited by 50
Longitudinal study on prenatal depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic
López-Morales, H., del-Valle, M., Andrés, M. L., Trudo, R. G., Canet‐Juric, L., & Urquijo, S. (2021) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-021-01152-1 · Cited by 38
Pollard, A. E., & Rogge, R. D. (2022) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02208-0 · Cited by 41
Self-citationDubois-Comtois, K., Suffren, S., St-Laurent, D., Milot, T., & Lemelin, J.-P. (2021) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000935 · Cited by 36
“Another study conducted in the United States with parents of children aged 5 to 18 years showed that COVID-19 stressors are related to greater family discord and use of caustic parenting, which, in turn, predict greater child and parent distress.(20) These studies highlight the need to consider the quality of the pare…”
BackgroundZinn, S., & Bayer, M. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s11618-021-01012-9 · Cited by 36
“Kollektive Erfahrungen besitzen, so wissen wir seit den religionssoziologischen Studien von Emile Durkheim (1994), gepaart mit kollektiven Emotionen, das Potenzial Solidarität zu aktivieren bzw. zu erneuern.”
Prime, H., Wade, M., May, S. S., Jenkins, J. M., & Browne, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669106 · Cited by 31
Fang, S., & Ding, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1069748 · Cited by 34
“The opposite is psychological inflexibility which could be dysfunctional, ultimately contributing to and exacerbating psychopathology (Hayes et al., 2006; Daks et al., 2020; Fang and Ding, 2020).”
BackgroundJo, D., Pyo, S., Hwang, Y., Seung, Y., & Yang, E. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100798 · Cited by 34
Essler, S., Christner, N., & Paulus, M. (2023) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02215-7 · Cited by 41
“From a developmental perspective, this would suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic despite its wave-like loosening and tightening of public health measures poses a continual risk factor for child adjustment [12, 14, 15, 36, 40, 42, 46, 51, 70, 74, 79].”
BackgroundParmar, A., Esser, K., Barreira, L., Miller, D., Morinis, L., Chong, Y. Y., Smith, W. L., Major, N., Church, P., Cohen, E., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18158205 · Cited by 35
“, administer complex treatment regimens) [35,73].”
BackgroundInfluentialRobertson, E., Piscitello, J., Schmidt, E. M., Mallar, C., Davidson, B., & Natale, R. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-021-00422-1 · Cited by 37
“Future directions Given research suggesting that family dysfunction is one of the most significant environmental risk factors impacting child adjustment following a natural disaster [37], research should also incorporate this in future models as family dysfunction may mediate the relationship between caregiver and chi…”
BackgroundInfluentialMohanty, J., Chokkanathan, S., & Alberton, A. M. (2022) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12635 · Cited by 31
Szarko, A. J., Houmanfar, R. A., Smith, G. S., Jacobs, N. N., Smith, B. M., Assemi, K., Piasecki, M., & Baker, T. K. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.02.004 · Cited by 31
Herbert, J. S., Mitchell, A. S., Brentnall, S. J., & Bird, A. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606507 · Cited by 30
Liu, C. H., Smiley, P. A., Vicman, J. M., Wong, G. T. F., & Doan, S. N. (2021) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053211026742 · Cited by 28
“work or parenting and other daily hassles from the pandemic to be associated with increased depressive symptoms (Daks et al., 2020).”
BackgroundChong, Y. Y., Chien, W. T., Cheng, H. Y., Lamnisos, D., Ļubenko, J., Presti, G., Squatrito, V., Constantinou, M., Nicolaou, C., Papacostas, S., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18084143 · Cited by 26
“Of the aforementioned studies, some have further shown that the opposite processes of psychological flexibility, that is, the psychological inflexibility or experiential avoidance were positively associated with parenting stress and family discord [44], and moderated the suicidal risk in the context of COVID-19 stress…”
BackgroundRania, N., Coppola, I., & Pinna, L. (2021) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4863 · Cited by 32
“Some international studies (Brown et al., 2020; Daks et al., 2020; Westrupp et al., 2020) and Italian studies (Lagomarsino et al., 2020; Manzo & Minello, 2020; Rania et al., 2020) have focused on the family dimension and on the parenting role in the COVID-19 era.”
The Pandemic Period and the Parent-Child Relationship
Öngören, S. (2021) · International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research · doi:10.33200/ijcer.800990 · Cited by 25
Cordini, M. M., & Angelis, G. D. (2021) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.12483 · Cited by 25
Social ties, fears and bias during the COVID-19 pandemic: Fragile and flexible mindsets
Tei, S., & Fujino, J. (2022) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-022-01210-8 · Cited by 25
“Cognitive flexibility may buffer fragile impulsivity by adaptive shifting or maintaining attention between conflicting perspectives (Daks et al. 2020).”
BackgroundMcCracken, L. M., Buhrman, M., Badinlou, F., & Brocki, K. C. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.10.003 · Cited by 24
Children’s digital play as collective family resilience in the face of the pandemic
Burke, A., Kumpulainen, K., & Smith, C. (2023) · Journal of Early Childhood Literacy · doi:10.1177/14687984221124179 · Cited by 23
Rania, N., Coppola, I., Lagomarsino, F., & Parisi, R. (2022) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12867 · Cited by 23
“Currently, however, attention has been focused on the family context at both at the international and national levels (Brown et al., 2020; Daks et al., 2020; Ferrario & Profeta, 2020; Manzo & Minello, 2020; Rania, Coppola, et al., 2020; Westrupp et al., 2020).”
BackgroundDing, D., & Zheng, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.893150 · Cited by 29
Daks, J. S., Peltz, J. S., & Rogge, R. D. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.08.011 · Cited by 22
Self-citationParker, S. F., Rogge, R. D., Drake, C. E., & Fogle, C. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100753 · Cited by 22
Self-citationUnderstanding relational resilience of married adults in quarantine days
Aydoğan, D., Kara, E., & Kalkan, E. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02224-2 · Cited by 25
Wright, K. B., Riemann, W. B., & Fisher, C. L. (2021) · Journal of Applied Communication Research · doi:10.1080/00909882.2021.1965186 · Cited by 20
“ceived stress and depression during this time (Daks et al., 2020; Fullana et al., 2020; Ma & Miller, 2020; Ni et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialLv, J., Wu, X., Hongyun, Y., & Cui, X. (2021) · Gland Surgery · doi:10.21037/gs-21-424 · Cited by 19
“A previous study illustrated that the stronger the psychological rigidity of patients, the lower the psychological activity (2).”
BackgroundFeldman, G. C., Martin, S., & Donovan, E. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.01.002 · Cited by 16
“Initial support for this proposal came from a series of papers analyzing data from a large cross-sectional survey of parents during the early stages of lockdown demonstrating that inflexibility among parents predicted greater parent distress and poorer family functioning (Daks et al., 2020) and served to strengthen th…”
BackgroundChavez, J. V., Lee, T. K., Larson, M. E., & Behar‐Zusman, V. (2021) · Couple and Family Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cfp0000166 · Cited by 19
Ehrenreich-May, J., Halliday, E. R., Karlovich, A. R., Gruen, R. L., Pino, A. C., & Tonarely, N. A. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.01.002 · Cited by 18
“As stated, caregivers with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress are at higher risk of negative consequences due to COVID-19 and the quarantine (Brooks et al., 2020; Brown et al., 2020; Daks et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCognitive flexibility and grit during times of crisis for Turkish EFL teachers
Erarslan, A. (2023) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22852 · Cited by 18
Wang, H., Farokhnia, F., & Sanchuli, N. (2022) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-220136 · Cited by 15
“On the other 488 page, teachers’ mental discomfort is negatively asso489 ciated with having a family, considering increased 490 needs for childcare and homeschooling [43].”
The Resilience of Caregivers and Children in the Context of COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Yates, J., & Mantler, T. (2023) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-022-00514-w · Cited by 18
“…caregiver flexibility, positive caregiver-child relationships, constructive parenting, and parental strength, have been identified as environmental factors that positively impact children’s resilience (Black & Lobo, 2008; Daks et al., 2020; Guruge et al., 2021; Torres Fernandez et al., 2013).”
BackgroundCao, J., Gou, M., Han, X., Li, D., & Zhou, G. (2024) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-024-02828-9 · Cited by 22
Child Disruptions, Remote Learning, and Parent Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Deeb, S., Madden, D. A., Berhane, T., Lin, J., Özbek, U., Mayer, V., & Vangeepuram, N. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19116442 · Cited by 14
“Parent adaptability during COVID has been associated with positive parenting practices, and parents may demonstrate effective coping skills for their children; this may provide a source of resilience for the family, and foster adaptability and positive outcomes across the family unit [59,60].”
BackgroundTherrien, M. C. S., Biggs, E. E., Barton-Hulsey, A., Collins, S. C., & Romano, M. K. (2022) · Augmentative and Alternative Communication · doi:10.1080/07434618.2022.2135136 · Cited by 13
“Increased expectations for parents to facilitate telepractice may leave them feeling overwhelmed (Jeste et al., 2020), which could amplify stress and have cascading impacts on parent and child well-being (Aishworiya & Kang, 2021; Daks et al., 2020; White et al., 2021).”
BackgroundJo, D., Goh, P. K., Lin, S. L., Spencer, S. D., & Masuda, A. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100766 · Cited by 12
Parenting in Israel amid COVID-19: the Protective Role of Mentalization and Emotion Regulation
Cohen, R., Yassin, N., & Gershy, N. (2022) · Adversity and Resilience Science · doi:10.1007/s42844-022-00072-y · Cited by 13
“Taken together, parental emotion regulation and mentalization may underline a flexible and adaptive family response to stressful situations that may improve the family’s ability to successfully adapt to the new conditions (Daks et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMathematical Approach to Investigate Stress due to Control Measures to Curb COVID-19
Paul, J. N., Mirau, S., & Mbalawata, I. S. (2022) · Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/7772263 · Cited by 12
Lobato, D., Montesinos, F., & Flujas-Contreras, J. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19106118 · Cited by 14
Dąbkowska, M., Kobierecka-Dziamska, A., & Prusaczyk, M. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.97828 · Cited by 18
Baluku, M. M. (2023) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-023-00091-9 · Cited by 13
“From a psychological perspective, some studies have focused on the role of personality (e.g., Liu et al., 2021; Nudelman et al., 2021) and psychological flexibility/ inflexibility (e.g., Daks et al., 2020; Dawson & Golijani-Moghaddam, 2020; Shepherd et al., 2022).”
BackgroundLi, J., Zhai, Y., Xiao, B., Xia, X., Wang, J., Zhao, Y., Ye, L., & Li, Y. (2023) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s414456 · Cited by 12
“The Serial Mediating Roles of Parenting Stress and Negative Instrumental Use of Media in Parenting Family routines and everyday life were disrupted during the home isolation, posing many challenges for parents.(55) Mothers’ psychological distress increased significantly,(21) which would cause and exacerbate parenting…”
BackgroundWu, Q., Zhang, T.-M., Wang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01521-2 · Cited by 10
“Studies based on the spillover perspective have revealed that COVID-19-related stress could affect interpersonal factors (e.g., relationship satisfaction and parenting dynamics), which further contributes to personal distress and the development of depressive symptoms [40, 41].”
BackgroundGavazzi, S. M., & Lim, J.-Y. (2023) · Advancing responsible adolescent development · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43407-5_4 · Cited by 10
Bookman, C. J., Nunes, J. C., Ngo, N. T., Twickler, N. K., Smith, T. S., Lekwauwa, R., & Yuen, E. Y. (2024) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-024-00750-y · Cited by 22
“Cross-sectional research suggested that parents with self-reported higher stress levels had fewer positive parenting practices during the pandemic [4–6 , 50].”
BackgroundFinancial Stress and COVID-19: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Factors Associated with the Pandemic
Moon, K., Heo, W., Lee, J. M., & Grable, J. E. (2023) · Risks · doi:10.3390/risks11120218 · Cited by 10
“The compounding effects of the worldwide health crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic triggered deep national economic and social crises, significantly impacting household incomes, unemployment rates, and overall well-being (Brewer and Gardiner 2020; Daks et al. 2020).”
Puffer, E. S., Johnson, S. L., Quick, K. N., Rieder, A. D., Mansoor, M., Proeschold‐Bell, R. J., Jones, S., Moore-Lawrence, S., Rasmussen, J. D., Cucuzzella, C., et al. (2022) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-022-01418-9 · Cited by 10
“Participants offered perspectives on implementation during COVID-19.”
InfluentialAbuse of Marginalized Older Adults During COVID-19
GUTMAN, G. M., Karbakhsh, M., & Stewart, H. G. (2022) · GeroPsych · doi:10.1024/1662-9647/a000301 · Cited by 10
Trindade, I. A., Vagos, P., Moreira, H., Fernandes, D. V., & Tyndall, I. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.06.003 · Cited by 10
Ünsal, F., & Acar, İ. H. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10040639 · Cited by 9
Aktaş, S. C., & ÇİÇEK, B. (2023) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x231169558 · Cited by 8
Evolution of family relationship in Kyrgyzstan
Osmonova, D., Talgarbekova, E., Tashtanbekova, M., Moldoshova, A., & Anastassiadi, A. (2023) · Social & Legal Studios · doi:10.32518/sals4.2023.155 · Cited by 8
Hagan, M. J., Roubinov, D., Cordeiro, A. M., Lisha, N. E., & Bush, N. R. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.061 · Cited by 11
Examining psychological flexibility in unaccompanied refugee minors: A network analysis
Freymann, J., Morroni, D., Kleinbub, J. R., & Karekla, M. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100808 · Cited by 7
The Model for Maintaining Families with Noble Character During the Pandemic in Kampung KB Villages
Kustati, M., Kosim, M., Sermal, S., Fajri, S., & Febriani, S. R. (2024) · Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun · doi:10.26811/peuradeun.v12i1.1126 · Cited by 7
Resilience and Flexibility for Clinical Nurses: A Latent Class Analysis
Zhao, S., Zhang, Z., Duan, X., Shao, Y., Wang, F., Chen, Y., Yang, C., Chen, L., Wang, F., Zhang, J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/2024/6171305 · Cited by 8
Fang, S., Huang, M., Ding, D., & Zheng, Q. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100805 · Cited by 7
Parenting With a Kind Mind: Exploring Kindness as a Potentiator for Enhanced Brain Health
Johnson, M. T., Fratantoni, J. M., Tate, K., & Moran, A. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.805748 · Cited by 7
Kwon, C. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20053807 · Cited by 7
Yao, X., Chan, K. L., Chen, S., & Gao, S. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05628-y · Cited by 7
“As an intervention method, the ACT is a treatment approach to effectively foster PF and has potential implications for future intervention (Daks et al., 2020; Tarbox et al., 2022).”
Xiao, H. (2023) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12961 · Cited by 7
Tayyebi, G., Alwan, N. H., Hamed, A. F., Shallal, A. A., Abdulrazzaq, T., & Khayayi, R. (2024) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.18502/ijps.v19i3.15809 · Cited by 7
“By enhancing psychological flexibility, ACT may contribute to improved resilience, fostering less rigid and more adaptable responses to challenging situations and emotions (13).”
BackgroundBazo‐Alvarez, J. C., Villarreal‐Zegarra, D., Lázaro-Illatopa, W. I., Millones, D. L. M., Ipanaqué-Zapata, M., García, M. J., Bazo-Alvarez, O. A., Ríos, E. D. S. G., Salvatierra, W. V., & García-Serna, J. (2023) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.16269 · Cited by 6
“When the family was economically fragile, having COVID-19 at home represented one of the highest stressors, inducing parents to be reactive, inconsistent and even aggressive, amplifying, in turn, the stress among parents and children ( Daks, Peltz & Rogge, 2020 ).”
BackgroundFang, S., Ding, D., & Huang, M. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01318-9 · Cited by 7
“Existing meta-analyses also suggest that psychological flexibility is positively related to individuals’ mental health and adaptive behaviors and negatively related to individuals’ negative emotional affect and problematic behaviors [19, 20].”
BackgroundBetter social reversal learning is associated with a more social approach across time
Zabag, R., Kivity, Y., Gilboa‐Schechtman, E., & Levy‐Gigi, E. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58348-5 · Cited by 7
“During the COVID-19 Pandemic, parental self-reported psychological flexibility predicted less child and parental stress across time 40,41 and adaptive coping with the new situation 42 .”
BackgroundHelmer, J., Durrani, N., Mir, G., Polat, F., Karimova, N., & Qanay, G. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241307440 · Cited by 10
“Family systems theory suggests that stressors such as increased child-care and forced isolation can have a negative effect on the cohesion of the family system over time (Daks et al., 2020).”
Schaffer, G. E., Kilanowski-Press, L., & Lee, B. E. C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710483 · Cited by 6
Baluku, M. M., Nansubuga, F., Kibanja, G., Ouma, S., Balikoowa, R., Nansamba, J., Ruto, G. C., Kawooya, K., & Musanje, K. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.05.002 · Cited by 6
“This finding is in line with the theoretical expectations and extant evidence suggesting that psychological flexibility inhibits behavior change or regulation (Daks et al., 2020; S. C. Hayes et al., 2006) which could be especially detrimental in situations that require behavioral adjustment.”
Tan, T. X., Wang, J. H., Wang, P., & Huang, Y. T. (2022) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12755 · Cited by 6
“Globally, because COVID-19 lockdowns caused unprecedented disruptions to family life (Biroli et al., 2020; Daks et al., 2020), were highly stressful for both children and parents (Evandrou et al., 2021; Fontanesi et al., 2020; Jiao et al., 2020; Spinelli et al., 2021), and created a heavy toll on…”
BackgroundGreen, R., Linga-Easwaran, J., Goodman, C. V., Taylor, M., Fabiano, G. F., Miller, S., & Williams, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1328476 · Cited by 5
Vega-Campos, M., Pérez-Pérez, M., & Sarabia‐Cobo, C. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251320192 · Cited by 5
“Psychological flexibility in this context refers to the ability to stay present in the moment while accepting difficult thoughts and emotions, and still taking actions aligned with one’s values (Daks et al., 2020; Hayes et al., 1999).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Daks, J. S., Peltz, J. S., & Rogge, R. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester (US)
- Daemen College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Daks, Jennifer S.
- Venue
- Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 18
- Pages
- 16-27
- ISSN
- 2212-1447 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7428754
- OpenAlex
- W3048447575
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 13.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2021-07-01)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- psychological flexibility, COVID-19 pandemic, family systems theory, spillover hypothesis, family conflict, family cohesion, child distress, parental distress, contextual behavioral science, family resilience
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
