In the shadow of COVID-19: A randomized controlled online ACT trial promoting adolescent psychological flexibility and self-compassion
Open accessAbstract
Although some adolescents managed to cope well with the challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, the well-being of many was adversely affected due to school closures, distance education, restrictions on gathering with friends, and limited access to mental health services. Many adolescents reported increased anxiety and depression as well as decreased psychological wellbeing due to the pandemic. Consequently, there is a need for psychological support that exceeds the strained resources available to schools to support young people during times of crisis and societal pressure. The present study aimed to explore the effects of an online-delivered ACT intervention to promote adolescent psychological flexibility and self-compassion and decrease psychological distress during the second wave of COVID-19 in the fall of 2020. A total of 348 adolescents aged 15–16 were randomly divided into three equal groups: 1) the iACT student coach + virtual coach group, n = 116; 2) the iACT virtual coach group, n = 116; and 3) the control group with no intervention, n = 116). Among these adolescents, 234 participated in a pre-measurement (iACT, n = 154; control, n = 80; intent-to-treat) and completed measures of psychological flexibility, self-compassion, anxiety, and depression. An investigation of all the adolescents who participated in the pre-measurement (intent-to-treat analysis, n = 234) revealed no significant differences between the three groups with regard to psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, upon combining the two intervention groups and examining the adolescents who completed at least 30% of the Youth Compass program (per-protocol analysis, n = 137), small but significant differences between the iACT intervention and control groups were found regarding the psychological flexibility subscale valued action, self-compassion, and anxiety in favor of the intervention group. Active use of an ACT-based online intervention under adverse circumstances may decrease symptoms of anxiety and increase psychological flexibility skills in adolescents.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In another study, iACT groups showed significant improvements compared to the control group regarding increased valued action and self-compassion.
“The authors found significant improvements in the iACT groups compared to the control group regarding reduced anxiety and increased valued action and self-compassion [18].”
From The Impact of Parental Support on Adherence to Therapist-Assisted Internet-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Primary Care for Adolescents With Anxiety: Naturalistic 12-Month Follow-Up Study (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
The Results (Intervention effects) report significant differences in valued action and self-compassion versus the control group, but only in a per-protocol analysis that combined the two iACT groups and included adolescents who completed at least 30% of the program. The intention-to-treat analysis found no significant differences. The full citing sentence also says anxiety was reduced, whereas the Results report a smaller increase in anxiety in the iACT group, not a reduction. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn another study, iACT groups showed significant improvements compared to the control group regarding reduced anxiety.
“The authors found significant improvements in the iACT groups compared to the control group regarding reduced anxiety and increased valued action and self-compassion [18].”
From The Impact of Parental Support on Adherence to Therapist-Assisted Internet-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Primary Care for Adolescents With Anxiety: Naturalistic 12-Month Follow-Up Study (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
The Results (Intervention effects) report a significant between-group difference in anxiety only in the per-protocol analysis of adolescents who completed at least 30% of the program. Anxiety increased slightly in the iACT group, rather than decreasing, but increased more in the control group. The intent-to-treat analysis found no significant anxiety difference. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredYouth Compass plus was effective in promoting self-compassion and psychological flexibility among a non-clinical school-based sample and in adolescents who used the intervention actively.
“Our previous study has shown that Youth Compass plus was effective in promoting self-compassion and psychological flexibility among a non-clinical school-based sample and in adolescents who used the intervention actively (Lappalainen et al., 2023).”
From Brief online ACT intervention to improve adolescents' well-being: Effectiveness among adolescents with depressive symptoms during COVID-19. (2024) · cites this paper as Lappalainen et al., 2023
The Method (Recruitment; page unavailable) describes an unselected school-based adolescent sample. The Results (Intervention effects; page unavailable) report improved self-compassion and valued action, a psychological-flexibility subscale, among adolescents who completed at least 30% of Youth Compass. The claim overstates this as improvement in psychological flexibility generally: the Abstract (Results; page unavailable) reports no significant differences on psychological flexibility or self-compassion in the intent-to-treat analysis. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
(1970) · Cited by 24,983 · see citing works
Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006 · Cited by 6,587 · see citing works
The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion
NEFF, K. D. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309027 · Cited by 6,436 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…well-being, life satisfaction, happiness, and coping skills and negatively correlated with psychopathology in adults (e.g., Breines & Chen, 2012; Neff, 2003; Neff et al., 2005; for a review, see Ferrari et al., 2019) and adolescents (Bluth & Eisenlohr-Moul, 2017; Bluth et al., 2016; Neff et…”
(1999) · Cited by 5,934 · see citing works
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.6.1152 · Cited by 3,595 · see citing works
Marteau, T. M., & Bekker, H. (1992) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00997.x · Cited by 3,238 · see citing works
Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale
Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.702 · Cited by 2,997 · see citing works
Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.507 · Cited by 1,822 · see citing works
Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning.
Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004 · Cited by 1,627 · see citing works
Self-compassion, Achievement Goals, and Coping with Academic Failure
Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y.-P., & Dejitterat, K. (2005) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/13576500444000317 · Cited by 1,221 · see citing works
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Quality of Life and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents
Ravens‐Sieberer, U., Kaman, A., Erhart, M., Devine, J., Schlack, R., & Otto, C. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01726-5 · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works
Loving-Kindness and Compassion Meditation: Potential for Psychological Interventions
Hofmann, S. G., Grossman, P., & Hinton, D. E. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.003 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
The development and initial validation of the cognitive fusion questionnaire
Gillanders, D. T., Bolderston, H., Bond, F. W., Dempster, M., Flaxman, P. E., Campbell, L., Kerr, S., Tansey, L., Noel, P., Ferenbach, C., et al. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.09.001 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
Ellis, W. E., Dumas, T. M., & Forbes, L. M. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/cbs0000215 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Self-compassion interventions and psychosocial outcomes: a meta-analysis of RCTs
Ferrari, M., Hunt, C., Harrysunker, A., Abbott, M. J., Beath, A. P., & Einstein, D. A. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01134-6 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Gruber, J., Prinstein, M. J., Clark, L. A., Rottenberg, J., Abramowitz, J. S., Albano, A. M., Aldao, A., Borelli, J. L., Chung, T., Davila, J., et al. (2021) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000707 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Self-Compassion Increases Self-Improvement Motivation
Breines, J. G., & Chen, S. (2012) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167212445599 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Self-Compassion: What It Is, What It Does, and How It Relates to Mindfulness
Neff, K. D., & Dahm, K. A. (2015) · Handbook of Mindfulness and Self-Regulation · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2263-5_10 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Linardon, J., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2020) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000459 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Interventions for Adolescent Mental Health: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Das, J. K., Salam, R. A., Lassi, Z. S., Khan, M. N., Mahmood, W., Patel, V., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2016) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.020 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Francis, A. W., Dawson, D. L., & Golijani-Moghaddam, N. (2016) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.05.003 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Self-compassion and Psychological Distress in Adolescents—a Meta-analysis
Marsh, I. C., Chan, S. W. Y., & MacBeth, A. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0850-7 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Dawson, D. L., & Golijani-Moghaddam, N. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.07.010 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Examining psychological inflexibility as a transdiagnostic process across psychological disorders
Levin, M. E., MacLane, C., Daflos, S., Seeley, J. R., Hayes, S. C., Biglan, A., & Pistorello, J. (2014) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.06.003 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Garrido, S., Millington, C., Cheers, D., Boydell, K., Schubert, E., Meade, T., & Nguyen, Q. V. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00759 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Sieverink, F., Kelders, S. M., & van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.8578 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Social Science Research Network
(2015) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.189893 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Common pitfalls in statistical analysis: Intention-to-treat versus per-protocol analysis
Ranganathan, P., Pramesh, C., & Aggarwal, R. (2016) · Perspectives in Clinical Research · doi:10.4103/2229-3485.184823 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Mindfulness, Acceptance, and Positive Psychology: The Seven Foundations of Well-Being
Kashdan, T. B., & Ciarrochi, J. (2013) · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Psychological flexibility as a malleable public health target: Evidence from a representative sample
Gloster, A. T., Meyer, A. H., & Lieb, R. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.02.003 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Hawke, L. D., Barbic, S. P., Voineskos, A., Szatmari, P., Cleverley, K., Hayes, E., Relihan, J., Daley, M., Courtney, D., Cheung, A., et al. (2020) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743720940562 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
The effect of loving-kindness meditation on positive emotions: a meta-analytic review
Zeng, X., Chiu, C. P. K., Wang, R., Oei, T. P. S., & Leung, F. Y. K. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01693 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Bluth, K., & Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A. (2017) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.04.001 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Bluth, K., Gaylord, S. A., Campo, R. A., Mullarkey, M. C., & Hobbs, L. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0476-6 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Acceptance and commitment: Implications for prevention science
Biglan, A., Hayes, S. C., & Pistorello, J. (2008) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-008-0099-4 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
The Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Adolescent Emotional, Social, and Academic Adjustment
Branje, S., & Morris, A. S. (2021) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12668 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Eriksson, T., Germundsjö, L., Åström, E., & Rönnlund, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02340 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Pakenham, K. I., Landi, G., Boccolini, G., Furlani, A., Grandi, S., & Tossani, E. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.07.003 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Salokangas, R. K. R., Poutanen, O., & Stengård, E. (1995) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09536.x · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Marshall, S., Parker, P. D., Ciarrochi, J., Sahdra, B. K., Jackson, C. J., & Heaven, P. C. L. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.013 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Health Behavior Change: A Contextually-Driven Approach
Zhang, C.-Q., Leeming, E., Smith, P., Chung, P.-K., Hagger, M. S., & Hayes, S. C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02350 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Daks, J. S., Peltz, J. S., & Rogge, R. D. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.08.003 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Smith, B. M., Twohy, A. J., & Smith, G. S. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.005 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Mental Health Through the COVID-19 Quarantine: A Growth Curve Analysis on Italian Young Adults
Parola, A., Rossi, A. A., Tessitore, F., Troisi, G., & Mannarini, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567484 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
McCracken, L. M., Badinlou, F., Buhrman, M., & Brocki, K. C. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.11.003 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Puolakanaho, A., Lappalainen, R., Lappalainen, P., Muotka, J. S., Hirvonen, R., Eklund, K. M., Ahonen, T. P. S., & Kiuru, N. (2019) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0973-8 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationA meta-analysis of the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy for children
Fang, S., & Ding, D. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.007 · Cited by 119 · cited 1× · see citing works
“According to meta-analyses, ACT may improve mental and behavioral problems, quality of life, and psychological flexibility in adolescents (Fang & Ding, 2020; Swain et al., 2015).”
The Dynamics of Fear at the Time of Covid-19: A Contextual Behavioral Science Perspective.
(2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cn20200206 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Välimäki, M., Anttila, K., Anttila, M., & Lahti, M. (2017) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.8624 · Cited by 110 · cited 2× · see citing works
“However, adolescents have been found not to be fully engaged in using web-based interventions (Välimäki et al., 2017), which is a critical factor in digital interventions, as active usage, and time investment have been associated with improved treatment outcomes in both adult and adolescent populations (Calear et al.”
Psychological flexibility in the context of COVID-19 adversity: Associations with distress
Kroska, E. B., Roche, A. I., Adamowicz, J. L., & Stegall, M. S. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.07.011 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Adherence to the MoodGYM program: outcomes and predictors for an adolescent school-based population
Calear, A. L., Christensen, H., Mackinnon, A., & Griffiths, K. M. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.036 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Kiuru, N., Burk, W. J., Laursen, B., Nurmi, J.-E., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2012) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.06.013 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationChild and family factors associated with child mental health and well-being during COVID-19
McArthur, B. A., Racine, N., McDonald, S., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. (2023) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01849-9 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Gee, B., Wilson, J., Clarke, T., Farthing, S., Carroll, B., Jackson, C., King, K., Murdoch, J., Fonagy, P., & Notley, C. J. (2020) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12381 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Fonseca, S., Trindade, I. A., Mendes, A. L., & Ferreira, C. (2020) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12194 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Enrique, A., Palacios, J. E., Ryan, H., & Richards, D. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/12775 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Miller, A. N., & Orsillo, S. M. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.002 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Lau, B. H. P., Chan, C., & Ng, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.585270 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Crasta, D., Daks, J. S., & Rogge, R. D. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.003 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
COVID-19 Lockdown and Mental Health in a Sample Population in Spain: The Role of Self-Compassion
Gutiérrez-Hernández, M. E., Fanjul, L. F., Díaz, A., Reyes-Hurtado, P., Herrera-Rodríguez, J. F., Enjuto-Castellanos, M. D. P., & Castro, W. P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18042103 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Lappalainen, R., Lappalainen, P., Puolakanaho, A., Hirvonen, R., Eklund, K., Ahonen, T., Muotka, J., & Kiuru, N. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.01.007 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationMattila, E., Lappalainen, R., Välkkynen, P., Sairanen, E., Lappalainen, P., Karhunen, L., Peuhkuri, K., Korpela, R., Kolehmainen, M., & Ermes, M. (2016) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.5241 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological Impact of COVID-19 Confinement and Its Relationship with Meditation
Jiménez, Ó., Sánchez-Sánchez, L. C., & García-Montes, J. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186642 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Kerekes, N., Bador, K., Sfendla, A., Belaatar, M., Mzadi, A., Jovic, V., Damjanovic, R., Erlandsson, M., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, N., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168755 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Donovan, E., Rodgers, R. F., Cousineau, T. M., McGowan, K. M., Luk, S., Yates, K., & Franko, D. L. (2016) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.09.009 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Peltz, J. S., Daks, J. S., & Rogge, R. D. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.07.001 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Mallett, R., Coyle, C., Kuang, Y., & Gillanders, D. T. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.09.003 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Swain, J., Hancock, K., Hainsworth, C., & Bowman, J. (2015) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.09.001 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Grégoire, S., Doucerain, M., Morin, L., & Finkelstein-Fox, L. (2021) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.03.006 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Early Adolescents' Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Changes in Their Well-Being
Gadermann, A., Thomson, K., Gill, R., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Gagné, M. H., Guhn, M., Warren, M. T., & Oberle, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.823303 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Xu, W., Shen, W., & Wang, S. (2021) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.105960 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Hafstad, G. S., Sætren, S. S., & Wentzel‐Larsen, T. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3727297 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
She, R., Wong, K., Lin, J., Zhang, Y., Leung, K., & Yang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.826911 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Brief report on experiential avoidance and valuing in at-risk adolescents
Murrell, A. R., & Kapadia, V. (2011) · Behavioral Development Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0100600 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Barbero (2014) · doi:10.1016/j · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 77 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Cohen S. Williamson G. Perceived stress in a probability sample of the US Spacapam S. Oskamp S. The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium on applied social psychology 1988
- Hayes S.C. Strosahl K.D. Wilson K.G. Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change 2nd ed. 2012 Guilford Press
- World Health Organization Guidelines on mental health promotive and preventive interventions for adolescents: Helping adolescents thrive 2020 https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/mental-health/guidelines-on-mental-health-promotive-and-preventive-interventions-for-adolescents-hat.pdf 33301276
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Use of automated conversational agents in improving young population mental health: a scoping review
Balan, R., Dobrean, A., & Poetar, C. R. (2024) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01072-1 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Saboor, S., Medina, A., & Marciano, L. (2024) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/56045 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Opie, J. E., Vuong, A. T., Welsh, E. T., Gray, R. J., Pearce, N., Marchionda, S., Mutch, R., & Khalil, H. (2024) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-024-00469-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective.
Kesner, L., Juríčková, V., Grygarová, D., & Horáček, J. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/68640 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The role of psychological flexibility and socioeconomic status in adolescent identity development
Kukkola, A., Mäyry, A., Keinonen, K., Lappalainen, P., Tunkkari, M., & Kiuru, N. H. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.09.005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationLappalainen, P., Gallego, A., Keinonen, K., Lappalainen, A.-L., Tolvanen, A. J., & Lappalainen, R. I. (2023) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2023.2233949 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationArslan, G., Uzun, K., GÜVEN, A. Z., & Gürsu, O. (2024) · Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/15332640.2024.2366981 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Yani, D. I., Chua, J. Y. X., Wong, J. C. M., Pikkarainen, M. A., & Shorey, S. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.13494 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mansueto, G., Ruggiero, G. M., & Palmieri, S. (2024) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-024-00556-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Moran, M. J., Aichele, S., Shomaker, L. B., Lucas‐Thompson, R. G., Heberlein, E., Chandrasekhar, J. L., Bowen, A. E., & Kaar, J. L. (2023) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-023-09764-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Larsson, A., Weineland, S., Nissling, L., & Lilja, J. L. (2025) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/59489 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The authors found significant improvements in the iACT groups compared to the control group regarding reduced anxiety and increased valued action and self-compassion [18].”
Universal online self-help ACT interventions for youth: A systematic review
Morey, A., Samuel, V. M., & Williams, M. O. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104576 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Keinonen, K., Lappalainen, P., Puolakanaho, A., Kaipainen, K., Lappalainen, R., & Kiuru, N. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107671 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescent depression: a meta-analysis
Yu, X., Zhao, B. T., Yin, T., Qu, H., Zhang, J., Cheng, X., & Xu, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1506822 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Léger‐Goodes, T., Malboeuf‐Hurtubise, C., Herba, C. M., Taylor, G., Mageau, G. A., Chadi, N., & Lefrançois, D. (2023) · Mental Health Science · doi:10.1002/mhs2.17 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lawrence‐Sidebottom, D., Huffman, L. G., Beam, A. B., Guerra, R., Parikh, A., Roots, M., & Huberty, J. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/52804 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Emerging AI Individualism: how young people integrate social AI into everyday lifePreprint
Brandtzæg, P. B., Skjuve, M. B., & Følstad, A. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4836120 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Transitional-Age Youth: A Meta-analysis
Keulen, J., Deković, M., Oud, M., A-Tjak, J. G. L., & Bodden, D. H. M. (2025) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-025-00543-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Practice Elements Used in Child Mass Trauma Interventions: A Systematic Review
Pfefferbaum, B. J., Nitiéma, P., Newman, E., Slaughter, A., & Horn, R. L. V. (2025) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-024-01579-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lappalainen, A.-L., Keinonen, K., Lappalainen, P., Lappalainen, R., Kaipainen, K., Puolakanaho, A., & Kiuru, N. (2025) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2024.2437637 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, Q., Xiong, Y., Sui, Y., Tong, C., & Zhang, R. (2026) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-026-00284-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
"When Adversity Strikes: Maintaining Student and Teacher Wellbeing During the Covid-19 Pandemic"
Waters, L. E. (2023) · Scholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.32474/sjpbs.2023.07.000258 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Quiroga, C. V., Caobelli, A. C. S. L., Rodrigues, G. V. A., & Viola, T. W. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.10.07.23296694 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Puolakanaho, A., Kaipainen, K., Keinonen, K., Lappalainen, P., Lappalainen, R. I., & Kiuru, N. H. (2023) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2023.2270544 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, J., Fang, S., Zi-hua, L., & Ma, S. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2025.061476 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chopra, E., Behera, P., & Sahni, P. (2025) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-025-00419-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Song, K., Liu, S., Dong, K., Xu, J., & Liu, T. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.10.058 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhang, Q., Li, L., Sui, Y., Lin, F.-H., & Huang, Z. (2025) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-025-00277-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Modi, A. C., Mara, C. A., O’Donnell, H. K., Schmidt, M., Kichler, J., SMITH, L. B., WESTEN, S. C., Jacobsen, L., Corathers, S. D., Williford, D. N., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2026.115155 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Quiroga, C. V., Caobelli, A. C. S. L., Rodrigues, G. V. A., & Viola, T. W. (2024) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.70013 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nuorten Kompassi (Youth Compass)
Mishina, K. E., & Gilbert, S. (2023) · Kasvun tuki -aikakauslehti · doi:10.61259/kt.141983
Ulus, İ. Ç., & TAŞ, A. K. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5272798
Azadfar, Z., Baetens, I., Tsantzalou, K. S., Castiglione, L., Heel, M. V., & Theuns, P. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08162-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yip, W. L. T., Yang, Y. Y., Wang, Z. L., & Stückler, D. (2026) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02744-w
Stoica, A., David, D., & Iuga, I. A. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2026.100617
Mahajan, M., Kothari, A., & Duggal, C. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09808-w
Weiss, M. D., Aldis, R., Bien-Aimé, D. D. R., Witkowski, T., Williams, P., Holmes, K. E., Cortés, D. E., Wang, P. S., Cook, B. L., & Castine, E. (2026) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16080853
Meirelles, E., & Gleeson, J. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122420
Armijos, J. A. P., Namicela, R. J. J., & Porras, J. F. O. (2026) · Revista Ecuatoriana de Psicología · doi:10.33996/repsi.v9i25.242
Pressman, E., Mendelson, T., Martin, S., & Vidal, C. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2026.100639
Taheri, A., Nooripour, R., Shabanzadeh, M., Barani, H., & Rose, A. L. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-05779-6
- Authors
- Lappalainen, P., Lappalainen, R., Keinonen, K., Kaipainen, K., Puolakanaho, A., Muotka, J., & Kiuru, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Jyväskylä (FI)
- Tampere University (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Lappalainen, Päivi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-01
- Volume
- 27
- Pages
- 34-44
- ISSN
- 2212-1447 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9731646
- OpenAlex
- W4311773126
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9
- FWCI
- 7.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland (324,638)
- Jyväskylän Yliopisto
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- ACT intervention, acceptance and commitment therapy, self-compassion, COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, depression, psychological distress, school closures, valued action
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
