Cited by 77Cognitive Abilities and TestingNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

The development of cognitive flexibility beyond the preschool period: An investigation using a modified Flexible Item Selection Task

Dick, Anthony Steven·2014·Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

Abstract

We explored the development of cognitive flexibility in typically developing 6-, 8-, and 10-year-olds and adults by modifying a common cognitive flexibility task, the Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST). Although performance on the standard FIST reached ceiling by 8 years, FIST performance on other variations continued to improve until 10 years of age. Within a detailed task analysis, we also explored working memory storage and processing components of executive function and how these contribute to the development of cognitive flexibility. The findings reinforce the notion that cognitive flexibility is a multifaceted construct but that the development of working memory contributes in part to age-related change in this ability.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.jecp.2014.01.021

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  • Cognitive flexibility emerges in early life, increases sharply between 7 and 9 years of age, develops protractedly, becomes largely mature by age 20, continues to improve through adolescence and adulthood, peaks between 21 and 30 years, and then declines in later life.

    “Cognitive flexibility emerges in early life, showing sharp increases between 7–9 years of age, then follows a protracted development throughout young adulthood, becoming largely mature by age 20 (40,41). However, this skill continues to improve throughout adolescence and adulthood, peaking between 21–30 years of age before declining in later life (40,42,43).”

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Authors
Dick, A. S.
Affiliations
Florida International University (US)
Corresponding author
Dick, Anthony Steven
Venue
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-09
Volume
125
Pages
13-34
ISSN
0022-0965 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2116623527
Cited by
77
References
85
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3
FWCI
4.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Experimental Child Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
cognitive flexibility, cognitive development, working memory, executive function, age differences, children, adults, task analysis
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Child, Child Development, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Task Performance and Analysis, Executive Function

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