The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Combating stereotype threat: The effect of self‐affirmation on women's intellectual performance
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“Promisingly, lab studies demonstrate that affirmations can improve the performance of students working under the specter of a negative stereotype (Martens et al. 2006, Shapiro et al. 2012, Taylor & Walton 2011).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Martens et al. 2006
In the citing paper
“women in the diagnostic condition who completed a self-aYrmation-where they wrote about an important value unrelated to math or to their gender-performed as well as women in the no-threat condition and no diVerent from male college students.”
From The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory (2006) · cites this paper as Martens et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“Given the evidence that self-aYrmation appears to reduce stereotype threat among students in laboratory situations (Martens et al., 2006;Schimel et al., 2004)”
From The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory (2006) · cites this paper as Martens et al., 2006
Citations
Cites
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- Schmader, 2002, Gender identification moderates stereotype threat, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 32
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“Provided that research has found that men’s math performance is not harmed in stereotype threat contexts (Martens et al., 2006), and they are not underrepresented in mathematically intensive, STEM fields, this study focuses exclusively on women’s math performance.”
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“Negative stereotypes of females often mean that females' contributions and performance are not recognized (Martens et al. , 2006).”
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“Social identity threats often manifest as a lack of social fit and belonging 69,71–74 and might also include concerns about performance and competence, especially when individuals fear confirming negative stereotypes about their group (stereotype threat) 68,75,76 .”
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“…self-value affirmation by inviting individuals to think about an act or characteristic that convinces them of their own intrinsic value (e.g. Martens et al. 2006); (2) exposure to positive role models either directly or indirectly (e.g. Marx and Roman 2002); (3) deemphasising threatened…”
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“If internalized age stereotypes and/or some form of gerontophobia (Martens et al. 2006) are at play here, it could explain the validity of hypothesis H4 – i.e. that interviewees who have higher morale and a positive outlook on the future (and holding other aspects constant), who in some sense…”
BackgroundBierbaum, M., & Nillesen, E. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252268 · Cited by 4
“Some evidence suggests that self-affirmative interventions reduce achievement gaps based on race or sex [2, 48, 49, 71].”
BackgroundMiller, B. A. K., Stevenson, A. D., & Casler-Failing, S. L. (2021) · Journal of Educational Research and Practice · doi:10.5590/jerap.2021.11.1.19 · Cited by 3
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Luyckx, K., Dierickx, E., & Ardies, J. (2023) · Australasian Journal of Technology Education · doi:10.15663/ajte.v9.i0.104 · Cited by 2
Impact of Stereotype Threat on Evaluating Female Drivers' Skills
Özkan, B., Azık, D., & Öz, B. (2024) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-024-00387-y · Cited by 2
“For instance, the study conducted by Martens et al. (2006), suggested that positive-self affirmation, which makes stereotyped group less concerned regarding failures, women were able to perform well with men in math intelligence test, as opposed to the women who did not self-affirmed on a valued…”
Using self-affirmations to improve achievement in fourth-grade students
Kim, J. S., Kehle, T. J., Bray, M. A., Trudel, S. M., Fitzmaurice, B., Bray, A. M., del Campo, M. A., & DeMaio, E. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02697-9 · Cited by 3
“Implementation of a self-affirmation exercise has been shown to improve the math performance of women under stereotyped conditions, whereas performance of men did not change (Martens et al., 2006).”
BackgroundChase, J. P. (2012) · Cited by 2
Purpose In Adolescence: A Review of the Literature and an Intervention Plan
Biggins, Y. (2018) · Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 2
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“So ergab sich kein Stereotype Threat, wenn Frauen vor einem Mathematiktest über selbstwertrelevante Aspekte in anderen Lebensbe- K 552 J. M. Hermann, R. Vollmeyer reichen nachdachten (z.B. Martens et al. 2006), da die gezielte Selbstbekräftigung die Identität vor der stereotypen Bedrohung schützte.”
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“Early lab-based affirmation research highlighted value affirmation’s immediate impact in reducing bias, psychological discomfort, and stereotype threat (Martens et al., 2006; McQueen & Klein, 2006; Sherman & Cohen, 2006).”
BackgroundPrinciples of Prevention and Intervention to Close Discipline Gaps in Schools
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“…2003; Carr & Steele, 2009; Croizet & Claire, 1998; Elizaga & Markman, 2008; Gonzales et al., 2002; Kellow & Jones, 2005; Lawrence, Marks, & Jackson; Martens et al., 2006; Marx & Stapel, 2006c; McKown & Strambler, 2009; McKown & Weinstein, 2003; Ployhart et al., 2003; Steele & Aronson, 1995; Stone…”
BackgroundGender differences in undergraduate students' performance, perception and participation in physics
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“Even subtle implicit primes can affect performance (Drążkowski et al., 2017; Martens et al., 2006; McGlone & Aronson, 2006 ; Nguyen & Ryan, 2008; Ortner & Sieverding, 2008; Sharps et al., 1994 ).”
Tillman, D. R. (2012) · NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries) · Cited by 1
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“Existing interventions include asking individuals to self-affirm a positive personal characteristic that is unrelated to the stereotyped domain (Martens et al., 2006) and enhancing the salience of a non-stigmatised social identity (e.g. multiple social identities; Rydell, McConnell & Beilock, 2009).”
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“It should be acknowledged that research has documented that self-affirmation potentially affects cognitive functioning, for example, functioning in IQ and math tests (Martens et al., 2006, p. 8).”
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“For example, when faced with a cognitively challenging task, individuals who spent time reflecting on their most important valued characteristic eliminated the debilitating effects of stereotype threat when compared to the control group who performed no self-affirmation exercise (Martens et al., 2006).”
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“Likewise, validating interventions have been found to reduce academic gender gaps by raising women ’ s performance (Martens, Johns, Greenberg, & Schimel, 2006; Miyake et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodResultA Diary Study of Daily Negative Aging Stereotypes and Goal Pursuit in Older Adults
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Self-affirmation and success in undergraduate Computer Science
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BackgroundA Gender Gap Grade Analysis of Hard Sciences Courses in a School of Pharmacy
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“This correlates with Martens et al. (2006) who found that females reported selfsatisfaction with grades and performance when self-affir‐ mation was stronger than existing stereotype threats due to gender, In the category of being very confident in learning material in hard science courses, 58.5%…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Martens, A., Johns, M., Greenberg, J., & Schimel, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Martens, Andy
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 236-243
- ISSN
- 0022-1031 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2030568963
- Cited by
- 460
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 24.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- stereotype threat, self-affirmation, gender stereotypes, mathematics achievement, spatial ability, diagnosticity, gender differences in performance
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