Evidence for the DTA hypothesis II: Threatening self-esteem increases death-thought accessibility
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The prospect of dying is an impetus for managing and coping with existential anxiety.
“This prospect of dying is an impetus for managing and coping with existential anxiety (Hayes et al., 2008).”
Existential insecurity is managed by socially constructed beliefs that furnish people with a sense of meaning, self-worth, predictability, and a focus away from animal nature.
“According to terror management theory, this existential insecurity is managed by socially constructed beliefs that furnish people with “a sense of meaning, self‐worth, predictability, and a focus away from animal nature” (Hayes et al., 2008, pp. 611–612).”
Threats to cultural view or self-esteem bring death-thoughts closer to consciousness, increasing death-thought accessibility.
“Threats to the cultural view or self‐esteem bring death‐thoughts closer to consciousness, thus increasing death‐thought accessibility (Hayes et al., 2008).”
Self-esteem independently buffers existential terror.
“This result supports the main effect hypothesis, based on previous TMT findings, that SE independently buffers existential terror (Harmon-Jones et al., 1997; Hayes et al., 2008).”
From On Social Death: Ostracism and the Accessibility of Death Thoughts (2015) · cites this paper as Hayes et al., 2008
Cites
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The Urge to Splurge: A Terror Management Account of Materialism and Consumer Behavior
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A Function of Form: Terror Management and Structuring the Social World.
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Hopes Dashed and Dreams Fulfilled: Contingencies of Self-Worth and Graduate School Admissions
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Relating self-discrepancy to self-esteem: The contribution of discrepancy beyond actual-self ratings
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Peters, H. J., Greenberg, J., Williams, J. M., & Schneider, N. R. (2005) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.27.1.111 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
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Thirty Years of Terror Management Theory
Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., & Greenberg, J. (2015) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.03.001 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Hayes, J., Schimel, J., Arndt, J., & Faucher, E. H. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0020524 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of close relationships in terror management: a systematic review and research agenda
Plusnin, N., Pepping, C. A., & Kashima, E. S. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868317753505 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Delay and Death-Thought Accessibility: A Meta-Analysis
Steinman, C. T., & Updegraff, J. A. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167215607843 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Extent of trauma exposure and PTSD symptom severity as predictors of anxiety-buffer functioning
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Arndt, J., Cox, C. R., Goldenberg, J. L., Vess, M., Routledge, C., Cooper, D. P., & Cohen, F. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015182 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Jin, S. V., & Ryu, E. (2022) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12381 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Study 1 aims to not only test the three individual local-level hypotheses proposed by terror management theory but also propose an integrative global-level model composed of sequential paths indicating these hypotheses in the contemporary context of the COVID-19 pandemic and charity donations: (a) death-thought access…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialProximal and Distal Terror Management Defenses
Kosloff, S., Anderson, G., Nottbohm, A., & Hoshiko, B. (2019) · Handbook of Terror Management Theory · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811844-3.00002-0 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Kosloff, S., & Greenberg, J. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.08.022 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Lifshin, U., Horner, D. E., Helm, P. J., Solomon, S., & Greenberg, J. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.110712 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Mortality salience effects fail to replicate in traditional and novel measures
Sætrevik, B., & Sjåstad, H. (2022) · Meta-Psychology · doi:10.15626/mp.2020.2628 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Existential isolation and death thought accessibility
Helm, P. J., Lifshin, U., Chau, R., & Greenberg, J. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103845 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
On Social Death: Ostracism and the Accessibility of Death Thoughts
Steele, C., Kidd, D. C., & Castano, E. (2015) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2013.844746 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“This result supports the main effect hypothesis, based on previous TMT findings, that SE independently buffers existential terror (Harmon-Jones et al., 1997; Hayes et al., 2008).”
ResultHe Dies, He Scores: Evidence That Reminders of Death Motivate Improved Performance in Basketball
Zestcott, C. A., Lifshin, U., Helm, P., & Greenberg, J. (2016) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2016-0025 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Williams, T. J., Schimel, J., Hayes, J., & Faucher, E. H. (2012) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.1849 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationMethodological weakness of the death-word-fragment task: Alternative implicit death anxiety measures
Naidu, P. A., Hine, T. J., & Glendon, A. I. (2022) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1846228 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Death thoughts predict increased depression for those with low self-worth
Fairlamb, S., & Juhl, J. (2022) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1793432 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hayes, J., Schimel, J., Faucher, E. H., & Williams, T. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Hayes, Joseph
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 600-613
- ISSN
- 0022-1031 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2063675916
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 9.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- death-thought accessibility, self-esteem threat, fear of death, negative feedback, self-affirmation, lexical decision, mental health
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