A Function of Form: Terror Management and Structuring the Social World.

Landau, Mark J.; Johns, Michael; Greenberg, Jeff; Pyszczynski, Tom; Martens, Andy; Goldenberg, Jamie L.; Solomon, Sheldon

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.190

Cited by 275Death Anxiety and Social ExclusionSocial and Intergroup PsychologyDeath, Funerary Practices, and Mourning

A Function of Form: Terror Management and Structuring the Social World.

Landau, Mark J., Johns, Michael, Greenberg, Jeff, Pyszczynski, Tom, Martens, Andy, Goldenberg, Jamie L., Solomon, Sheldon·2004·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.190

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Abstract

Drawing on lay epistemology theory, the authors assessed a terror management analysis of the psychological function of structuring social information. Seven studies tested variations of the hypothesis that simple, benign interpretations of social information function, in part, to manage death-related anxiety. In Studies 1-4, mortality salience (MS) exaggerated primacy effects and reliance on representative information, decreased preference for a behaviorally inconsistent target among those high in personal need for structure (PNS), and increased high-PNS participants' preference for interpersonal balance. In Studies 5-7, MS increased high-PNS participants' preference for interpretations that suggest a just world and a benevolent causal order of events in the social world.

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After mortality salience, participants low in personal need for structure tended to be more open-minded regarding violations of the just-world assumption, preferred a more flexible self-concept, and became more interested in exploring novel social, intellectual, and environmental stimuli.
“After MS, participants low in PNS tended to be more open-minded regarding violations of the just-world assumption ([111], Study 5), preferred a more flexible self-concept ([112], Study 1), and became more interested in exploring novel social, intellectual, and environmental stimuli [113].”
From An Appreciative View of the Brighter Side of Terror Management Processes (2015) · cites this paper as [111]

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MacDonald, A. P. (1972) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033156 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Terror management theory of self-esteem.
Solomon, S. H., Greenberg, J., & Pyszczynski, T. (1991) · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Uncertainty orientation, motivation, and cognition.
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Derogation and distancing as terror management strategies: The moderating role of need for closure and permeability of group boundaries.
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Motivated augmentation and reduction of the overattribution bias.
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Deep cognitive activation: A new approach to the unconscious.
Wegner, D. M., & Smart, L. S. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.65.6.984 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Clarifying the Function of Mortality Salience-Induced Worldview Defense: Renewed Suppression or Reduced Accessibility of Death-Related Thoughts?
Greenberg, J., Arndt, J., Schimel, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.2000.1434 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Traces of Terror: Subliminal Death Primes and Facial Electromyographic Indices of Affect
Arndt, J., Allen, J. J. B., & Greenberg, J. (2001) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1023/a:1012276524327 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Strength of expectancies and memory for social information: What we remember depends on how much we know
Stangor, C., & Ruble, D. N. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(89)90037-1 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Connecting Terror Management and Dissonance Theory: Evidence that Mortality Salience Increases the Preference for Supporting Information after Decisions
Jonas, E., Greenberg, J., & Frey, D. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203254599 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Five Core Social Motives, Plus or Minus Five
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Deep cognitive activation: A new approach to the unconscious.
Wegner, D. M., & Smart, L. S. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.65.6.984 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
An accurate treatment of two-electron systems using hyperspherical coordinates
Klar, H., & Klar, M. (1980) · Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics · doi:10.1088/0022-3700/13/6/014 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Mood change as a function of stress of protagonist and degree of identification in a film-viewing situation.
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The Essential Adam Smith
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A view from a bridge: Synthesizing the consistency and attribution paradigms from a lay epistemic perspective
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Cognitive representation of conversations about persons.
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Cognitive representation of conversations about persons.
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Regulating Impressions of Others to Affirm Images of the Self
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Entrepreneurs as Aristocrats
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Preface by Susan T. Fiske, Daniel L. Schacter, and Carolyn Zahn-Waxler
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The Meaning Maintenance Model: On the Coherence of Social Motivations
Heine, S. J., Proulx, T., & Vohs, K. D. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_1 · Cited by 1,437 · see citing works
Two Decades of Terror Management Theory: A Meta-Analysis of Mortality Salience Research
Burke, B. L., Martens, A., & Faucher, E. H. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868309352321 · Cited by 1,188 · see citing works
Uncertainty–identity theory
Hogg, M. A. (2007) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(06)39002-8 · Cited by 990 · see citing works
God and the government: Testing a compensatory control mechanism for the support of external systems
Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Napier, J. L., Callan, M. J., & Laurin, K. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.18 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Deliver us from Evil: The Effects of Mortality Salience and Reminders of 9/11 on Support for President George W. Bush
Landau, M. J., Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., Cohen, F., Pyszczynski, T., Arndt, J., Miller, C. H., Ogilvie, D. M., & Cook, A. (2004) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167204267988 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Self-citation
Thirty Years of Terror Management Theory
Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., & Greenberg, J. (2015) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.03.001 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Compensatory control and the appeal of a structured world.
Landau, M. J., Kay, A. C., & Whitson, J. A. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0038703 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Threat and Defense
Jonas, E., McGregor, I., Klackl, J., Agroskin, D., Fritsche, I., Holbrook, C., Nash, K., Proulx, T., & Quirin, M. (2014) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800052-6.00004-4 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Mortality salience, martyrdom, and military might: The Great Satan versus the Axis of Evil
Pyszczynski, T., Abdollahi, A., Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., Cohen, F., & Weise, D. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205282157 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
A blast from the past: The terror management function of nostalgia
Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.11.001 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
A theoretical and empirical review of the death-thought accessibility concept in terror management research
Hayes, J., Schimel, J., Arndt, J., & Faucher, E. H. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0020524 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Making Sense of Life: The Existential Self Trying to Deal with Personal Uncertainty
van den Bos, K. (2009) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400903333411 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Attachment, Self-Esteem, Worldviews, and Terror Management: Evidence for a Tripartite Security System.
Hart, J., Shaver, P. R., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.6.999 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Religious Belief as Compensatory Control
Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D. M., McGregor, I., & Nash, K. A. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868309353750 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Terror management and religion: Evidence that intrinsic religiousness mitigates worldview defense following mortality salience.
Jonas, E., & Fischer, P. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.3.553 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
The role of control motivation in mortality salience effects on ingroup support and defense
Fritsche, I., Jonas, E., & Fankhänel, T. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012666 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
The Beauty of Boundaries: When and Why We Seek Structure in Consumption
Cutright, K. M. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/661563 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
The power of the past: Nostalgia as a meaning-making resource
Routledge, C., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Juhl, J., & Arndt, J. (2012) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2012.677452 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
When Death is Good for Life: Considering the Positive Trajectories of Terror Management
Vail, K. E., Juhl, J., Arndt, J., Vess, M., Routledge, C., & Rutjens, B. T. (2012) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868312440046 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Death Goes to the Polls: A Meta-Analysis of Mortality Salience Effects on Political Attitudes
Burke, B. L., Kosloff, S., & Landau, M. J. (2013) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12005 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Windows into nothingness: Terror management, meaninglessness, and negative reactions to modern art.
Landau, M. J., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Martens, A. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.6.879 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
For God (or) country: The hydraulic relation between government instability and belief in religious sources of control.
Kay, A. C., Shepherd, S., Blatz, C. W., Chua, S. N., & Galinsky, A. D. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021140 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Is death really the worm at the core? Converging evidence that worldview threat increases death thought accessibility
Schimel, J., Hayes, J., Williams, T., & Jahrig, J. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.789 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Multicultural experiences reduce intergroup bias through epistemic unfreezing.
Tadmor, C. T., Hong, Y.-Y., Chao, M. M., Wiruchnipawan, F., & Wang, W. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029719 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Motivated Closed‐Mindedness Mediates the Effect of Threat on Political Conservatism
Thórisdóttir, H., & Jost, J. T. (2011) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00840.x · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Anxious uncertainty and reactive approach motivation (RAM).
McGregor, I., Nash, K. A., Mann, N. H., & Phills, C. E. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019701 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Focus theory of normative conduct and terror management theory: The interactive impact of mortality salience and norm salience on social judgment
Jonas, E., Martens, A., Niesta Kayser, D., Fritsche, I., Sullivan, D., & Greenberg, J. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013593 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Age-Related Differences in Responses to Thoughts of One’s Own Death: Mortality Salience and Judgments of Moral Transgressions
Maxfield, M., Pyszczynski, T., Kluck, B., Cox, C. R., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., & Weise, D. (2007) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.22.2.341 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Existential threat and compliance with pro-environmental norms
Fritsche, I., Jonas, E., Kayser, D. N., & Koranyi, N. (2010) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.08.007 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Death and Black Diamonds: Meaning, Mortality, and the Meaning Maintenance Model
Proulx, T., & Heine, S. J. (2006) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400701366985 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Offensive Defensiveness: Toward an Integrative Neuroscience of Compensatory Zeal After Mortality Salience, Personal Uncertainty, and Other Poignant Self-Threats
McGregor, I. (2006) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400701366977 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
The self-protective altruist: Terror management and the ambivalent nature of prosocial behavior
Hirschberger, G., Ein-Dor, T., & Almakias, S. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207313933 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
The dynamics of death and meaning: The effects of death-relevant cognitions and personal need for structure on perceptions of meaning in life
Vess, M., Routledge, C., Landau, M. J., & Arndt, J. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016417 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Personal Need for Structure and Creative Performance: The Moderating Influence of Fear of Invalidity
Rietzschel, E. F., Dreu, C. K. W. D., & Nijstad, B. A. (2007) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207301017 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Terror management and adults' attachment to their parents: The safe haven remains
Cox, C. R., Arndt, J., Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Abdollahi, A., & Solomon, S. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.4.696 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Terror Management Theory: Implications for Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, Intergroup Conflict, and Political Attitudes
Greenberg, J., & Kosloff, S. (2008) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00144.x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Evidence for the DTA hypothesis II: Threatening self-esteem increases death-thought accessibility
Hayes, J., Schimel, J., Faucher, E. H., & Williams, T. J. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.01.004 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Combating Meaninglessness: On the Automatic Defense of Meaning
Tongeren, D. V. V., & Green, J. D. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167210383043 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Terror management and attributions of blame to innocent victims: Reconciling compassionate and defensive responses
Hirschberger, G. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.832 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
From Shattered Assumptions to Weakened Worldviews: Trauma Symptoms Signal Anxiety Buffer Disruption
Edmondson, D., Chaudoir, S. R., Mills, M. A., Park, C. L., Holub, J., & Bartkowiak, J. (2011) · Journal of loss & trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2011.572030 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Experimental Existential Psychology: Coping With the Facts of Life
Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Koole, S., & Solomon, S. (2010) · Handbook of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy001020 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self‐sacrifice as self‐defence: Mortality salience increases efforts to affirm a symbolic immortal self at the expense of the physical self
Routledge, C., & Arndt, J. (2008) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.442 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Interpersonal Politics
Weise, D. R., Pyszczynski, T., Cox, C. R., Arndt, J., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., & Kosloff, S. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02108.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
A prisoner of one's own mind: Identifying and understanding existential isolation
Pinel, E. C., Long, A. E., Murdoch, E. Q., & Helm, P. J. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.024 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Ideology, Fear of Death, and Death Anxiety
Castano, E., Leidner, B., Bonacossa, A., Nikkah, J., Perrulli, R., Spencer, B., & Humphrey, N. K. (2011) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2011.00822.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Death across the lifespan: age differences in death-related thoughts and anxiety
Chopik, W. J. (2017) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2016.1206997 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Successfully challenging fundamentalist beliefs results in increased death awareness
Friedman, M., & Rholes, W. S. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.07.008 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Destined to die but not to wage war: How existential threat can contribute to escalation or de-escalation of violent intergroup conflict.
Jonas, E., & Fritsche, I. (2013) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0033052 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
On the Unique Psychological Import of the Human Awareness of Mortality: Theme and Variations
Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., & Maxfield, M. (2006) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400701369542 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
The worm at the core: A terror management perspective on the roots of psychological dysfunction
Arndt, J., Routledge, C., Cox, C. R., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2005) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appsy.2005.07.002 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Play It Safe or Go for the Gold? A Terror Management Perspective on Self-Enhancement and Self-Protective Motives in Risky Decision Making
Landau, M. J., & Greenberg, J. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167206292017 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Terror management theory: From genesis to revelations.
Greenberg, J. (2012) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/13748-001 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Why Do People Join Groups? Three Motivational Accounts from Social Psychology
Hogg, M. A., Hohman, Z. P., & Rivera, J. E. (2008) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00099.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Toward Understanding the Fame Game: The Effect of Mortality Salience on the Appeal of Fame
Greenberg, J., Kosloff, S., Solomon, S., Cohen, F., & Landau, M. J. (2009) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860802391546 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Handbook of Personal Security
Carroll, P., Arkin, R. M., & Wichman, A. (2015) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315713595 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
What Are We So Afraid Of?: A Terror Management Theory Perspective on the Politics of Fear
Pyszczynski, T. (2004) · Social research · doi:10.1353/sor.2004.0012 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Coping with the threat of terrorism: A review
Maguen, S., Papa, A., & Litz, B. T. (2007) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800701652777 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The Existential Function of Intrinsic Religiousness: Moderation of Effects of Priming Religion on Intercultural Tolerance and Afterlife Anxiety
Tongeren, D. V. V., Raad, J. M., McIntosh, D., & Pae, J. (2013) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/jssr.12053 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Religious Fundamentalism and Terror Management
Friedman, M., & Rholes, W. S. (2008) · International Journal for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1080/10508610701719322 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The protective identity: Evidence that mortality salience heightens the clarity and coherence of the self-concept
Landau, M. J., Greenberg, J., Sullivan, D., Routledge, C., & Arndt, J. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.05.013 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Terror Management and Attitudes Toward Immigrants
Weise, D. R., Arciszewski, T., Verlhiac, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (2011) · European Psychologist · doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000056 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
On the Compatibility of Terror Management Theory and Perspectives on Human Evolution
Landau, M. J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (2007) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/147470490700500303 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Creative terror management: Creativity as a facilitator of cultural exploration after mortality salience
Routledge, C. D., & Arndt, J. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208329629 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Race, Place, and Crime: How Violent Crime Events Affect Employment Discrimination
Mobasseri, S. (2019) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/703883 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Controlling death by defending ingroups — Mediational insights into terror management and control restoration
Agroskin, D., & Jonas, E. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.05.014 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Unconscious vigilance: Worldview defense without adaptations for terror, coalition, or uncertainty management.
Holbrook, C., Sousa, P., & Hahn-Holbrook, J. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024033 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The siren's call: Terror management and the threat of men's sexual attraction to women.
Landau, M. J., Goldenberg, J. L., Greenberg, J., Gillath, O., Solomon, S., Cox, C., Martens, A., & Pyszczynski, T. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.129 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Fear and uncertainty in the face of death: The role of life after death in group identification
Hohman, Z. P., & Hogg, M. (2011) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.818 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Blowing in the (social) wind: Implications of extrinsic esteem contingencies for terror management and health
Arndt, J., Cox, C. R., Goldenberg, J. L., Vess, M., Routledge, C., Cooper, D. P., & Cohen, F. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015182 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Go with the flow: conforming to others in the face of existential threat
Renkema, L. J., Stapel, D. A., & Yperen, N. W. V. (2007) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.468 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The Challenges of Military Veterans in Their Transition to the Workplace: A Call for Integrating Basic and Applied Psychological Science
Shepherd, S., Sherman, D. K., MacLean, A., & Kay, A. C. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620953096 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Thinking about Change in the Self and Others: The Role of Self-Discovery Metaphors and the True Self
Bench, S. W., Schlegel, R. J., Davis, W. E., & Vess, M. (2015) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2015.33.3.2 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fighting Death With Death: The Buffering Effects of Learning That Worldview Violators Have Died
Hayes, J., Schimel, J., & Williams, T. J. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02115.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Tales from Existential Oceans: Terror Management Theory and How the Awareness of Our Mortality Affects Us All
Arndt, J., & Vess, M. (2008) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00079.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Compensatory control and ambiguity intolerance
Ma, A., & Kay, A. C. (2017) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.04.001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Guns as a Source of Order and Chaos: Compensatory Control and the Psychological (Dis)Utility of Guns for Liberals and Conservatives
Shepherd, S., & Kay, A. C. (2017) · Journal of the Association for Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/695761 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Psychological Defenses Against Death Anxiety: Integrating Terror Management Theory and Firestone's Separation Theory
Bassett, J. F. (2007) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180701490628 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Finding death in meaninglessness: Evidence that death‐thought accessibility increases in response to meaning threats
Webber, D. J., Zhang, R., Schimel, J., & Blatter, J. (2015) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12118 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Perceiving Intergroup Conflict: From Game Models to Mental Templates
Halevy, N., Sagiv, L., Roccas, S., & Bornstein, G. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167206291947 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A Consideration of Three Critical Hypotheses
Schimel, J., Hayes, J., & Sharp, M. (2019) · Handbook of Terror Management Theory · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811844-3.00001-9 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Managing terror when self-worth and worldviews collide: Evidence that mortality salience increases reluctance to self-enhance beyond authorities
Landau, M. J., Greenberg, J., & Sullivan, D. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.08.007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
On the Psychology of the Uncertain Self and the Integration of the Worldview Defense Zoo
van den Bos, K. (2009) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400903448532 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Motivational Underpinnings of Belief in God
Laurin, K., & Kay, A. C. (2017) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2017.02.004 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Terror Management and Stereotyping: Why Do People Stereotype When Mortality Is Salient?
Renkema, L. J., Stapel, D., Maringer, M., & Yperen, N. W. V. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207312465 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Retracted
Terror management among Taiwanese: Worldview defence or resigning to fate?
Yen, C., & Cheng, C. (2010) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-839x.2010.01328.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Worldview Accommodation: Selectively Modifying Committed Beliefs Provides Defense Against Worldview Threat
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Authors: Landau, M. J., Johns, M., Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., Martens, A., Goldenberg, J. L., & Solomon, S.
Affiliations: University of Arizona (US)
University of Colorado Colorado Springs (US)
University of California, Davis (US)
Skidmore College (US)
ORCID: Landau, Mark J.
Johns, Michael
Greenberg, Jeff
Pyszczynski, Tom
Goldenberg, Jamie L.
Solomon, Sheldon
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2004
Volume: 87
Issue: 2
Pages: 190-210
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.190
OpenAlex: W2029862076
Cited by: 275
References: 126
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 17.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
Keywords: terror management theory, fear of death, mortality salience, need for structure, social information processing, primacy effect, belief in a just world, causal order
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Cognition, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Personality Inventory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Behavior

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