Cited by 608Pain Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsPain Management and Treatment

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The neuro-immune balance in neuropathic pain: Involvement of inflammatory immune cells, immune-like glial cells and cytokines

Austin, Paul J., Moalem-Taylor, Gila·2010·Journal of Neuroimmunology

DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.08.013

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Abstract

In a large proportion of individuals nervous system damage may lead to a debilitating chronic neuropathic pain. Such pain may now be considered a neuro-immune disorder, since recent data indicate a critical involvement of innate and adaptive immune responses following nerve injury. Activation of immune and immune-like glial cells in the injured nerve, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord results in the release of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as algesic and analgesic mediators, the balance of which determines whether pain chronicity is established. This review will critically examine the role of the immune system in modulating chronic pain in animal models of nervous system injury, and highlight the possible therapeutic opportunities to intervene in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain.

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED: Toll‐like receptor 3 contributes to spinal glial activation and tactile allodynia after nerve injury
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Authors: Austin, P. J., & Moalem-Taylor, G.
Affiliations: UNSW Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author: Austin, Paul J.
ORCID: Austin, Paul J.
Venue: Journal of Neuroimmunology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-12
Volume: 229
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 26-50
ISSN: 0165-5728 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.08.013
OpenAlex: W2111964682
Semantic Scholar: 1eb0fd50688ee519889d6649f4b3dbab6c461a2a
Cited by: 607
References: 401
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 3.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Neuroimmunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords: neuropathic pain, neuroimmune interactions, chronic pain, cytokines, dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, nerve injury, pain chronicity
MeSH terms: Animals, Humans, Immune System, Inflammation, Nervous System, Neuralgia, Neuroglia, Cytokines

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The neuro-immune balance in neuropathic pain: Involvement of inflammatory immune cells, immune-like glial cells and cytokines

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