Subclinical depression severity is associated with distinct patterns of functional connectivity for subregions of anterior cingulate cortex
Open accessAbstract
Depression is a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by sad mood and anhedonia. Neuroscientific research has consistently identified abnormalities in a network of brain regions in major depression, including subregions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, few studies have investigated whether the same neural correlates of depression symptom severity are apparent in subclinical or healthy subjects. In the current study, we used resting-state fMRI to examine functional connectivity for subregions of the ACC in N = 28 participants with subclinical levels of depression. In regression analyses, we examined relationships between depression severity and functional connectivity for pregenual ACC (pgACC), anterior subgenual ACC (sgACC), and posterior sgACC seed regions. Additionally, we examined relationships between ACC subregion connectivity and trait levels of positive and negative affect. We found distinct associations between depression severity and functional connectivity of ACC subregions. Higher depression severity was associated with reduced pgACC-striatum connectivity and reduced anterior sgACC-anterior insula connectivity. Consistent with resting-state findings in major depression, higher depression severity was also related to greater anterior sgACC-posterior cingulate connectivity and greater posterior sgACC-dorsolateral prefrontal connectivity. Lastly, there were distinct correlations between connectivity for anterior versus posterior ACC subregions and positive and negative affective traits. These findings provide novel support linking subclinical depression to the same neural substrates associated with major depression. More broadly, these results contribute to an emerging literature on dimensional approaches to psychiatric illness.
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- Authors
- Philippi, C. L., Motzkin, J. C., Pujara, M. S., & Koenigs, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Philippi, Carissa L.
- Koenigs, Michael
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-12
- Volume
- 71
- Pages
- 103-111
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4630072
- OpenAlex
- W1900467282
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 4.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (T32MH018931-23, MH101162)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- subthreshold depression, depression severity, anterior cingulate cortex, functional connectivity, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, anterior insula, posterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, positive affect, negative affect, dimensional psychiatry
- MeSH terms
- Brain Mapping, Depression, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Rest, Severity of Illness Index, Prefrontal Cortex
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