Impact on health care workers employed in high-risk areas during the Toronto SARS outbreak
Open accessAbstract
Background A number of publications focusing on health care workers (HCWs) during a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak have suggested that HCWs experienced psychological distress, particularly increased levels of posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS). Factors contributing to increased distress in HCWs working in high-risk areas treating patients with SARS have not been fully elucidated. The goal of this study was to quantify the psychological effects of working in a high-risk unit during the SARS outbreak.Methods HCWs in a Toronto hospital who worked in high-risk areas completed a questionnaire regarding their attitude toward the SARS crisis along with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, which screens for PTSS. The comparison group consisted of clinical units that had no contact with patients infected with SARS.Results Factors that were identified to cause distress in the 248 respondent HCWs were the following: (a) perception of risk to themselves, (b) impact of the SARS crisis on their work life, (c) depressive affect, and (d) working in a high-risk unit. In addition, HCWs who cared for only one SARS patient in comparison to those caring for multiple SARS patients experienced more PTSS.Conclusions As expected, HCWs who were working in high-risk units experienced greater distress. Contrary to expectations, HCWs who experienced greater contact with SARS patients while working in the high-risk units were less distressed. This suggests that HCW experience in treating patients infected with SARS may be a mediating factor that could be amenable to intervention in future outbreaks.
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Higher perception of threat and risk was associated with PTSD among healthcare workers during viral outbreaks.
“and PTSD (Maunder et al., 2004; Styra et al., 2008; Wu et al., 2009).”
From Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Styra et al., 2008
Working in a high-risk environment was associated with PTSD among healthcare workers during viral outbreaks.
“PTSD (Bukhari et al., 2016; Styra et al., 2008; Tang et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2009; Wu et al., 2008; Arpacioglu et al., 2020)”
From Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Styra et al., 2008
Feelings of social rejection or isolation and higher impact of the outbreak on daily life increased the likelihood of PTSD among healthcare workers during viral outbreaks.
“Feelings of social rejection or isolation and higher impact of the outbreak on daily life (Styra et al., 2008) increased the likelihood of developing PTSD”
From Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Styra et al., 2008
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Worsening of Preexisting Psychiatric Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Płomecka, M. B., Gobbi, S., Neckels, R., Radziński, P., Skórko, B., Lazzeri, S., Almazidou, K., Dedić, A., Bakalović, A., Hrustić, L., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.581426 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Greene, T., Harju‐Seppänen, J., Adeniji, M., Steel, C., Grey, N., Brewin, C. R., Bloomfield, M., & Billings, J. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1882781 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“…being tasked to directly work with patients suspected of having the virus (Kisely et al., 2020; Maunder et al., 2003; McAlonan et al., 2007; Styra et al., 2008), working as a nurse (Billings et al., 2020; de Pablo et al., 2020; Preti et al., 2020), being a parent of dependent children…”
BackgroundVahedian‐Azimi, A., Moayed, M. S., Rahimi‐Bashar, F., Shojaei, S., Ashtari, S., & Pourhoseingholi, M. A. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02804-9 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Cleri, D. J., Ricketti, A. J., & Vernaleo, J. R. (2010) · Infectious Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.idc.2009.10.005 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“HCWs caring for more than 1 patient with SARS experienced less PTSD.107”
BackgroundRieckert, A., Schuit, E., Bleijenberg, N., ten Cate, D., de Lange, W., Ginkel, J. M. D. M., Mathijssen, E. G. E., Smit, L. C., Stalpers, D., Schoonhoven, L., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043718 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
de Boer, J., Lok, A., Verlaat, E. V., Duivenvoorden, H. J., Bakker, A. B., & Smit, B. J. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.009 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“…researchers gathered data when the stressor was still ongoing (Chan & Huak, 2004; Chen et al., 2005; Kerasiotis & Motta, 2004; Mealer et al., 2007; Styra et al., 2008; Su et al., 2007; Weiniger et al., 2006), while others collected data up to 26 months after exposure (Lin et al., 2007; Luce et…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHill, J. E., Harris, C., Christian, D. L., Boland, P., Doherty, A. J., Benedetto, V., Bhutani, G., & Clegg, A. J. (2022) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.15175 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and well-being of UK healthcare workers
Gilleen, J., Santaolalla, A., Valdearenas, L., Salice, C., & Fusté, M. (2021) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2021.42 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Fernandez, R. S., Sikhosana, N., Green, H., Halcomb, E., Middleton, R., Alananzeh, I. M., Trakis, S., & Moxham, L. J. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054528 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Man, M. A., Toma, C., Motoc, N. Ş., Necrelescu, O. L., Bondor, C. I., Chiș, A. F., Leșan, A., Pop, C. M., Todea, D. A., Danteș, E., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17134899 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“In 2004, one study reported that about 20% of the population suffered from emotional depression during SARS, and the incidence for nurses was as high as 45% in Toronto [18].”
BackgroundInfluentialLópez, J. Á. M., Lázaro-Pérez, C., Galán, J. G., & Martínez, M. D. M. F. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9093029 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“Due to the fact that during the stages prior to the health crisis, in previous studies carried out in Spain, medium-high values of burnout were found [24–28] we asked whether during this phase of increased active cases and overflow of health care facilities caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, professionals might exhibi…”
ResultPsychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adults and Their Children in Italy
Davico, C., Ghiggia, A., Marcotulli, D., Ricci, F., Amianto, F., & Vitiello, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.572997 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“During the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a similar but much more limited epidemic, high levels of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) were reported among HCWs (8, 9).”
BackgroundBarello, S., Falcó‐Pegueroles, A., Rosa, D., Tolotti, A., Graffigna, G., & Bonetti, L. (2020) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-020-01463-7 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Gorini, A., Fiabane, E., Sommaruga, M., Barbieri, S., Sottotetti, F., Rovere, M. T. L., Tremoli, E., & Gabanelli, P. (2020) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.007 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Sunjaya, D. K., Herawati, D. M. D., & Siregar, A. Y. M. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10299-6 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Liu, S., Yang, L., Zhang, C., Xu, Y., Cai, L., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Du, H., Li, R., et al. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.014 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for the cytology laboratory
Pambuccian, S. E. (2020) · Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology · doi:10.1016/j.jasc.2020.03.001 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“More severe psychologic distress may be followed by increased levels of posttraumatic stress symptomatology.(59) Psychological distress may be related to increased work load due to coworker absenteeism; lack of socialization with friends and colleagues; lack of recreational activities due to the closure of gyms, resta…”
BackgroundHammond, N. E., Crowe, L., Abbenbroek, B., Elliott, R. M., Tian, D. H., Donaldson, L., Fitzgerald, E., Flower, O. J., Grattan, S., Harris, R. D., et al. (2020) · Australian Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2020.12.004 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Luo, Y., Chua, C. R., Xiong, Z., Ho, R., & Ho, C. S. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565098 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Mosheva, M., Gross, R., Hertz‐Palmor, N., Hasson‐Ohayon, I., Kaplan, R., Cleper, R., Kreiss, Y., Gothelf, D., & Pessach, I. M. (2021) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23140 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“…et al., 2003), uncertainty about the health consequences of the disease (Goulia et al., 2010), perception of risk to oneself (Nickell et al., 2004; Styra et al., 2008), living with children (Nickell et al., 2004), being quarantined (Bai et al., 2004; Carmassi et al., 2020), and stigmatization…”
BackgroundWeilenmann, S., Ernst, J., Petry, H., Pfaltz, M. C., Sazpinar, O., Gehrke, S., Paolercio, F., von Känel, R., & Spiller, T. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.594340 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“15 Another study found low organizational support as well as distrust in equipment to be associated with emotional exhaustion and anger.”
BackgroundInfluentialNurses' perceptions of risk from emerging respiratory infectious diseases: A Singapore study
Koh, Y., Hegney, D. G., & Drury, V. (2012) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1440-172x.2012.02018.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“6, 10 They were also concerned about the health risks that their employment as a nurse might cause to others, 6, 19 in particular those more vulnerable such as the elderly.”
BackgroundMagill, E., Siegel, Z., & Pike, K. M. (2020) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202000274 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“14 only worked with one patient affected by the outbreak, as compared to providers who worked with two or more affected patients (65).”
ResultPrenatal Maternal Stress Predicts Childhood Asthma in Girls: Project Ice Storm
Turcotte‐Tremblay, A., Lim, R. H., Laplante, D. P., Kobzik, L., Brunet, A., & King, S. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/201717 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“1 [51]), and Kosovar civilian war survivors (mean IESR = 29.”
BackgroundBell, V., & Wade, D. M. (2020) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-020-01990-x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“, 2004) although three studies found no negative impact of quarantine (Chong et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2018; Styra et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultChau, S. W. H., Wong, O. W. H., Ramakrishnan, R., Chan, S. S. M., Wong, E. K.-Y., Li, P. Y. T., Raymont, V., Elliot, K., Rathod, S., Delanerolle, G., et al. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10701-3 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“2) during the epidemic, even after adjustment for the number of SARS patients cared for [66].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEncountering Covid-19 and perceived stress and the role of a health climate among medical workers
Abbas, S., Al‐Abrrow, H., Abdullah, H. O., Alnoor, A., Khattak, Z. Z., & Khaw, K. W. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01381-8 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Toh, W. L., Meyer, D., Phillipou, A., Tan, E. J., Rheenen, T. E. V., Neill, E., & Rossell, S. L. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113822 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Related to this, the nature of our collected data precluded further analysis of HCWs working in high versus low-risk environments (nb. workers in high-risk units have reported greater distress, which conversely decreased with increasing numbers of patients treated; Lu et al., 2020; Styra et al., 2008).”
Schneider, J., Talamonti, D., Gibson, B., & Forshaw, M. J. (2021) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053211012759 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Gupta, S., Prasad, A. S., Dixit, P. K., Padmakumari, P., Gupta, S. K., & Abhisheka, K. (2020) · Medical Journal Armed Forces India · doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.07.006 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Fear for health and job stress of HCWs accounted for major psychological impact during the SARS outbreak.(23) The health of self, the spread of virus and changes in routine work accounted for major stressors among HCWs during the SARS outbreak.”
BackgroundSteenkiste, E. V., Schoofs, J., Gilis, S., & Messiaen, P. (2021) · Acta Clinica Belgica · doi:10.1080/17843286.2021.1903660 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“The questionnaire consists of 14 subscales and can be analyzed separately: [1] self-distraction, [2] active coping, [3] denial, [4] substance use, [5] emotional support, [6] informational support, [7] behavioral disengagement, [8] venting, [9] positive reframing, [10] planning, [11] humor, [12] acceptance, [13] religi…”
The Effect of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Breast Cancer Teamwork: A Multicentric Survey
Vanni, G., Materazzo, M., Santori, F., Pellicciaro, M., COSTESTA, M., Orsaria, P., Cattadori, F., Pistolese, C. A., Perretta, T., Chiocchi, M., et al. (2020) · In Vivo · doi:10.21873/invivo.11962 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Philip, J., & Cherian, V. (2020) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/0253717620934095 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Rubin, G. J., Harper, S., Williams, P. D., Öström, S., Bredbere, S., Amlôt, R., & Greenberg, N. L. (2016) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.30933 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Carmassi, C., Dell’Oste, V., Bui, É., Foghi, C., Bertelloni, C. A., Atti, A. R., Buselli, R., Paolo, M. D., Goracci, A., Malacarne, P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.128 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Mental Health Impact of COVID-19: A global study of risk and resilience factorsPreprint
Płomecka, M. B., Gobbi, S., Neckels, R., Radziński, P., Skórko, B., Lazzeri, S., Almazidou, K., Dedić, A., Bakalović, A., Hrustić, L., et al. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/zj6b4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Callus, E., Bassola, B., Fiolo, V., Bertoldo, E. G., Pagliuca, S., & Lusignani, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.589698 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Factors related to the psychological distress of health professionals were physical and emotional exhaustion due to an overloaded health system, rapidly changing medical information and procedures, media control, nursing care, perception of self-risk, lifestyle affected by the epidemic, and subjective vulnerability (M…”
BackgroundStress and hair cortisol concentrations in nurses during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Rajčáni, J., Vytykačová, S., Soláriková, P., & Brezina, I. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105245 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Mental Health Care for Survivors and Healthcare Workers in the Aftermath of an Outbreak
Levin, J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5_11 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Alan, H., Bacaksız, F. E., Şen, H. T., Eskici, G. T., Gümüş, E., & Seren, A. K. H. (2020) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12666 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Park, C., Hwang, J.-M., Jo, S., Bae, S.-J., & Sakong, J. (2020) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e372 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Yitayih, Y., Mekonen, S., Zeynudin, A., Mengistie, E., & Ambelu, A. B. (2020) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2020.130 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Li, Q., Chen, J., Xu, G., Zhao, J. F., Yu, X., Wang, S., Liu, L., & Liu, F. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.562885 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“During SARS and MERS, 20–49% of HCW experienced social stigmatization because of their jobs (3, 5, 7, 10, 12).”
BackgroundComparison of psychological symptoms between infected and non-infected COVID-19 health care workers
Khonsari, N. M., Shafiee, G., Zandifar, A., Poornami, S. M., Ejtahed, H., Asayesh, H., & Qorbani, M. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03173-7 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Pozo-Herce, P. D., Garrido-García, R., Santolalla‐Arnedo, I., Gea-Caballero, V., García‐Molina, P., de Viñaspre‐Hernández, R. R., Rodríguez-Velasco, F. J., & Juárez‐Vela, R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020580 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“In the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic, health professionals were affected by the fear of contagions and experienced high levels of depression, anxiety, fear, distress, and post-traumatic stress [29].”
BackgroundBinnie, A., Moura, K., Moura, C., D’Aragon, F., & Tsang, J. L. Y. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254708 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Follow-up studies of HCW in Toronto after SARS revealed that workers in hospitals that treated SARS patients were more likely to experience burnout, psychosocial distress, and posttraumatic stress symptoms [22, 23].”
BackgroundTitley, H. K., Young, S., Savage, A., Thorne, T. E., Spiers, J. A., & Estabrooks, C. A. (2022) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.18024 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Gao, Y., Tang, Y. B., & Li, Y. (2020) · Japan Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.1111/jjns.12376 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Mira, J. J., Vicente, M. A., López‐Pineda, A., Carrillo, I., Guilabert, M., Fernández, C., Pérez‐Jover, V., Martín-Delgado, J., Pérez-Pérez, P., Vargas, Á. C., et al. (2020) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/21692 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Previous evidence has shown that adverse psychological reactions such as anxiety, stress, and fear were observed among health care professionals during and after other infectious disease outbreaks [6,7].”
Yoon, S., Goh, H., Nadarajan, G. D., Sung, S. C., Teo, I., Lee, J., Ong, M. E. H., Graves, N., & Teo, T. L. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/26282 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Consistent with previous research, frontline workers generally had limited ability to recognize their psychological problems [44].”
ResultThe psychological states of people after Wuhan eased the lockdown
Lu, P., Li, X., Lu, L. J., & Yue, Z. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241173 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Meredith, L. S., Eisenman, D. P., Tanielian, T., Taylor, S. L., Basurto‐Dávila, R., Zazzali, J. L., Diamond, D., Cienfuegos, B., & Shields, S. (2010) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1001/dmp.2010.47 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Greene, T., Harju‐Seppänen, J., Adeniji, M., Steel, C., Grey, N., Brewin, C. R., Bloomfield, M., & Billings, J. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.20216804 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adults and Their Children in Italy
Davico, C., Ghiggia, A., Marcotulli, D., Ricci, F., Amianto, F., & Vitiello, B. (2020) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3576933 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Styra, R. G., Hawryluck, L., Geer, A. M., Dimas, M. A., Sheen, J., Giacobbe, P., Dattani, N. D., Lorello, G. R., Rac, V. E., Francis, T., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258893 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“The survey was adapted from a survey used during the SARS outbreak in 2003 [11] and included demographic information, as well as location, type of work and years of experience as a HCW, care of patients with COVID-19, redeployment status, self-report of sleep disturbance and use of sedatives for sleep, alcohol use, is…”
MethodResultSelf-citationSelvaraj, P., Muthukanagaraj, P., Saluja, B., Jeyaraman, M., Anudeep, T. C., Gulati, A., Sushmitha, E. S., Dheemant, M., Jain, R., Kadhir, I., et al. (2020) · Indian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.25259/ijms_193_2020 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“The gruelling working schedule amidst pandemic has predisposed them to witness psychological distress while providing direct care to the patients, being informed about the spike in cases or due to the mandatory requirements of isolation or quarantine.[4-6] Paradoxically, those treating and helping others are in the gr…”
BackgroundImpact of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic on public health workers in the Netherlands
Vinck, L., Isken, L. D., Hooiveld, M., Trompenaars, M. E., IJzermans, J., & Timen, A. (2011) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/ese.16.07.19793-en · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Previous studies have shown that, during the SARS outbreak, 53–66% of the healthcare workers had an increased workload [9,10,22].”
ResultInfluentialImpact of COVID-19 on the mental health of Singaporean GPs: a cross-sectional study
Lum, A., Goh, Y.-L., Wong, K. S., Seah, J., Teo, G., Ng, J. Q., Abdin, E., Hendriks, M., Tham, J., Wang, N., et al. (2021) · BJGP Open · doi:10.3399/bjgpo.2021.0072 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Burnout on the frontline: the impact of COVID-19 on emergency department staff wellbeing
Sheehan, O., Sheehan, M., Rau, R. I., Sullivan, Í. O., McMahon, G., & Payne, A. (2021) · Irish Journal of Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s11845-021-02795-w · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Wang, Y. Y., Duan, Z., Peng, K., Li, D., Ou, J., Wilson, A. D., Wang, N., Si, L., & Chen, R. (2020) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000851 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Third, the level of stress for health professionals is probably different from high-risk areas like Wuhan to other areas in China or other countries (41).”
BackgroundLi, D., Wang, Y. Y., Yu, H., Duan, Z., Peng, K., Wang, N., Zhou, Q., Hu, X., Fang, K., Wilson, A. D., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.575005 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“More importantly, as indicated by a previous study on the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak, health professionals who suffered from psychological stress were more likely to have posttraumatic stress symptoms (33).”
BackgroundAljabri, D., Al-Shatti, F. A., Alumran, A. K., Al-Rayes, S., Alsalman, D. M., Althumairi, A., Al-Kahtani, N. K., Aljabri, M., Alsuhaibani, S. S., & Alanzi, T. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.854687 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Literature from previous pandemics, such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemics, showed a wide range of psychological morbidities experienced by HCWs, including trauma and burnout that might last for months after the pandemic (20, 21).”
BackgroundAbu-El-Noor, N. I., Aljeesh, Y. I., Radwan, A.-K. S., Abu‐El‐Noor, M. K., Qddura, I. A.-I., Khadoura, K. J., & Alnawajha, S. K. (2015) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2015.08.010 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Casà, C., Marotta, C., Pumpo, M. D., Cozzolino, A., D'Aviero, A., Frisicale, E. M., Silenzi, A., Gabbrielli, F., Bertinato, L., & Brusaferro, S. (2021) · Annali dell Istituto Superiore di Sanità · doi:10.4415/ann_21_01_01 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
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Hansen, A., & Tuttas, C. A. (2022) · Nursing Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1097/naq.0000000000000530 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Depression prevalence in Vietnam during the Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Tran, Q. D., Quynh, V. T., & Phan, Q. N. (2022) · Ethics Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jemep.2022.100806 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Styra, R., Hawryluck, L., Robinson, S., Kasapinovic, S., Fones, C., & Gold, W. L.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- National University Hospital (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Styra, Rima
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 177-183
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7094601
- OpenAlex
- W2054049746
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 79 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- SARS, healthcare workers, posttraumatic stress symptoms, psychological distress, occupational stress, patient contact, risk perception, depressive affect
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Canada, Catchment Area, Health, Demography, Disease Outbreaks, Employment, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Health Personnel, Health Status, Humans, Male, Occupational Diseases, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Occupational Exposure, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
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