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Conscious and unconscious perseverative cognition: Is a large part of prolonged physiological activity due to unconscious stress?
Abstract
Prolonged physiological activity is believed to be a key factor mediating between stress and later disease outcomes. Few studies, however, have investigated the crucial psychological factors that cause prolonged activity. This article proposes that conscious as well as unconscious perseverative cognition are the critical factors. Perseverative cognition indicates repetitive or sustained activation of cognitive representations of past stressful events or feared events in the future. In daily life, most prolonged physiological activity is not due to stressful events but to perseverative cognition about them. We and others have already found evidence that conscious perseverative cognition, i.e., worry, has physiological effects, in both laboratory and real life settings, and that perseverative cognition mediates prolonged responses to stressful events. Yet, there are convincing reasons to expect that unconscious perseverative cognition has an even larger role in stress-related prolonged activity. Firstly, since the greater part of cognitive processing operates without awareness, a considerable part of perseverative cognition is likely to be unconscious too. People may not be aware of most of their stress-related cognitive processes. Secondly, our recent studies have shown that increased activity of the autonomic nervous system continues after conscious perseverative cognition has stopped: It goes on for several hours and even during sleep. This and several other findings suggest that a considerable part of increased physiological activity may be due to unconscious perseverative cognition. The article closes with suggesting methods to test unconscious perseverative cognition and ways to change it, and concludes with stating that the notion of unconscious perseverative cognition potentially opens an entirely new area within stress research.
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“This may be attributable to the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in regulating HR but not SC (Diamond & Otter-Henderson, 2007) and it is possible the construct of mindfulness is particularly salient to concordance between subjective distress and physiological reactivity in which there is parasympathetic regulation (Brosschot, Verkuil & Thayer, 2010; Williams & Thayer, 2009).”
From Dispositional Mindfulness Uncouples Physiological and Emotional Reactivity to a Laboratory Stressor and Emotional Reactivity to Executive Functioning Lapses in Daily Life (2016) · cites this paper as Brosschot, Verkuil & Thayer, 2010
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“…thinking that includes worry and rumination, vagal control of the heart is reduced and a variety of other stress responses occur ~Brosschot et al., 2006!. Perseverative thinking, which can be conscious as well as unconscious, extends the time course of stress reactions ~Brosschot et al., 2010!.”
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“We have recently proposed that a large part of PC may be unconscious, while still having physiological effects (Brosschot, 2010, Brosschot et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Brosschot, J. F., Verkuil, B., & Thayer, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brosschot, Jos F.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 407-416
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2167618279
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- perseverative cognition, unconscious cognition, stress, worry, autonomic nervous system, stress-related disorders
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Humans, Stress, Psychological
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