Cited by 14Bipolar Disorder and TreatmentCircadian rhythm and melatoninSchizophrenia research and treatment

Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder

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Bauer, Michael, Glenn, Tasha, Achtyes, Eric D., Alda, Martin, Agaoglu, Esen, Altınbaş, Kürşat, Andreassen, Ole A., Angelopoulos, Elias +151 more·2022·Journal of Psychosomatic Research

Abstract

Objective Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth.Methods Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer.Results The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P ≤ 0.001).Conclusion Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted.

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Authors
Bauer, M., Glenn, T., Achtyes, E. D., Alda, M., Agaoglu, E., Altınbaş, K., Andreassen, O. A., Angelopoulos, E., Ardau, R., Aydin, M., Ayhan, Y., Baethge, C., Bauer, R., Baune, B. T., Balaban, C., Becerra-Palars, C., Behere, A. P., Behere, P. B., Belete, H., Belete, T., Belizario, G. O., Bellivier, F., Belmaker, R. H., Benedetti, F., Berk, M., Bersudsky, Y., Bicakci, Ş., Birabwa-Oketcho, H., Bjella, T. D., Brady, C., Cabrera, J., Cappucciati, M., Castro, A. M. P., Chen, W.-L., Cheung, E. Y. W., Chiesa, S., Crowe, M., Cuomo, A., Dallaspezia, S., Del Zompo, M., Desai, P., Dodd, S., Etain, B., Fagiolini, A., Fellendorf, F. T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, E., Fiedorowicz, J. G., Fountoulakis, K. N., Frye, M. A., Geoffroy, P. A., Gonzalez-Pinto, A., Gottlieb, J. F., Grof, P., Haarman, B. C. M., Harima, H., Hasse-Sousa, M., Henry, C., Høffding, L., Houenou, J., Imbesi, M., Isometsä, E. T., Ivkovic, M., Janno, S., Johnsen, S., Kapczinski, F., Karakatsoulis, G. N., Kardell, M., Kessing, L. V., Kim, S. J., König, B., Kot, T. L., Koval, M., Kunz, M., Lafer, B., Landén, M., Larsen, E. R., Lenger, M., Lewitzka, U., Licht, R. W., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., MacKenzie, A., Madsen, H. Ø., Madsen, S. A. K. A., Mahadevan, J., Mahardika, A., Manchia, M., Marsh, W., Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, M., Martiny, K., Mashima, Y., McLoughlin, D. M., Meesters, Y., Melle, I., Meza-Urzúa, F., Mok, Y. M., Monteith, S., Moorthy, M., Morken, G., Mosca, E., Mozzhegorov, A. A., Munoz, R., Mythri, S. V., Nacef, F., Nadella, R. K., Nakanotani, T., Nielsen, R. E., O'Donovan, C., Omrani, A., Osher, Y., Ouali, U., Pantovic-Stefanovic, M., Pariwatcharakul, P., Petite, J., Pfennig, A., Ruiz, Y. P., Pinna, M., Pompili, M., Porter, R., Quiroz, D., Rabelo-da-Ponte, F. D., Ramesar, R., Rasgon, N., Ratta-apha, W., Ratzenhofer, M., Redahan, M., Reddy, M. S., Reif, A., Reininghaus, E. Z., Richards, J. G., Ritter, P., Rybakowski, J. K., Sathyaputri, L., Scippa, Â. M., Simhandl, C., Smith, D., Smith, J., Stackhouse, P. W., Stein, D. J., Stilwell, K., Strejilevich, S., Su, K.-P., Subramaniam, M., Sulaiman, A. H., Suominen, K., Tanra, A. J., Tatebayashi, Y., Teh, W. L., Tondo, L., Torrent, C., Tuinstra, D., Uchida, T., Vaaler, A. E., Vieta, E., Viswanath, B., Yoldi-Negrete, M., Yalcinkaya, O. K., Young, A. H., Zgueb, Y., & Whybrow, P. C.
Affiliations
  • University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (DE)
  • Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services (US)
  • Dalhousie University (CA)
  • Selçuk University (TR)
  • Oslo University Hospital (NO)
  • National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
  • University of Cagliari (IT)
  • Hacettepe University (TR)
  • University of Cologne (DE)
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
  • Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
  • Michigan State University (US)
  • Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (IN)
  • Bahir Dar University (ET)
  • Inserm (FR)
  • Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
  • Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
  • Barwon Health (AU)
  • Trinity College Dublin (IE)
  • University of the Basque Country (ES)
  • University of Siena (IT)
  • IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
  • University of Iowa (US)
  • Northwestern University (US)
  • University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
  • Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
  • University of Southern Denmark (DK)
  • University of Helsinki (FI)
  • Chosun University (KR)
  • Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
  • Aalborg University Hospital (DK)
  • Başkent University (TR)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • Butabika Hospital (UG)
  • University of Mataram (ID)
  • University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
  • Keio University (JP)
  • Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (JP)
  • National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IN)
  • Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • Siriraj Hospital (TH)
  • Faculté de médecine de Tunis (TN)
  • Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea (IT)
  • University of Lancashire (GB)
  • University of Cape Town (ZA)
  • Stanford Medicine (US)
  • Sigmund Freud Privatuniversität Wien (AT)
  • Asha Hospital (IN)
  • Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PL)
  • Langley Research Center (US)
Corresponding author
Bauer, Michael
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-09
Volume
160
Issue
7
Pages
110982
ISSN
0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4283462360
Cited by
14
References
107
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3
FWCI
1.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
  • VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • Institutional Repository University of Antioquia (University of Antioquia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) (submittedVersion)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) (submittedVersion)
  • IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Use Siena air (University of Siena) (submittedVersion)
  • STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
  • Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (505266)
  • Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10- COHO-10-01, ANR-10-COHO-0010, ANR-11-IDEX, ANR-14-CE35-0035, ANR-11-IDEX-0004, ANR-10)
  • The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance (IA/CPHI/20/1/505266)
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (1156072)
  • National Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords
bipolar I disorder, first-episode bipolar disorder, solar irradiation, circadian rhythm disruption, seasonal variation, latitude, circadian dysfunction, health care costs
MeSH terms
Bipolar Disorder, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Male, Seasons, Sunlight

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