Phenotypic Dichotomy Following Developmental Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Female CD-1 Mice: Low Doses Induce Elevated Serum Leptin and Insulin, and Overweight in Mid-life☆☆
Abstract
The synthetic surfactant, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a proven developmental toxicant in mice, causing pregnancy loss, increased neonatal mortality, delayed eye opening, and abnormal mammary gland growth in animals exposed during fetal life. PFOA is found in the sera and tissues of wildlife and humans throughout the world, but is especially high in the sera of children compared to adults. These studies in CD-1 mice aim to determine the latent health effects of PFOA following: (1) an in utero exposure, (2) an in utero exposure followed by ovariectomy (ovx), or (3) exposure as an adult. Mice were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, or 5mg PFOA/kg BW for 17 days of pregnancy or as young adults. Body weight was reduced in the highest doses on postnatal day (PND) 1 and at weaning. However, the lowest exposures (0.01-0.3mg/kg) significantly increased body weight, and serum insulin and leptin (0.01-0.1mg/kg) in mid-life after developmental exposure. PFOA exposure combined with ovx caused no additional increase in mid-life body weight. At 18 months of age, the effects of in utero PFOA exposure on body weight were no longer detected. White adipose tissue and spleen weights were decreased at high doses of PFOA in intact developmentally exposed mice, and spleen weight was reduced in PFOA-exposed ovx mice. Brown adipose tissue weight was significantly increased in both ovx and intact mice at high PFOA doses. Liver weight was unaffected in late life by these exposure paradigms. Finally, there was no effect of adult exposure to PFOA on body weight. These studies demonstrate an important window of exposure for low-dose effects of PFOA on body weight gain, as well as leptin and insulin concentrations in mid-life, at a lowest observed effect level of 0.01mg PFOA/kg BW. The mode of action of these effects and its relevance to human health remain to be explored.
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The impacts of PFAS on body weight are not consistent in the literature, with many studies reporting associations between PFAS exposure and increased body weight gain and metabolic syndrome-like phenotypes in human and rodent studies.
“the impacts of PFAS on body weight are not consistent in the literature, with many studies reporting associations between PFAS exposure and increased body weight gain and metabolic syndrome-like phenotypes in human and rodent studies”
From A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Impacts of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances on the Brain and Behavior (2022) · cites this paper as Hines et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Hines, E. P., White, S. S., Stanko, J. P., Gibbs-Flournoy, E. A., Lau, C., & Fenton, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Environmental Protection Agency (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05-25
- Volume
- 304
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 97-105
- ISSN
- 0303-7207 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2030560074
- Cited by
- 282
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- perfluorooctanoic acid, developmental toxicity, prenatal exposure, low-dose effects, leptin, insulin, weight gain, midlife, ovariectomy, brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, spleen weight, liver weight, ICR mice, perfluorinated compounds, endocrine disruption
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Weight, Caprylates, Female, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Insulin, Organ Size, Ovariectomy, Phenotype, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Random Allocation, Maternal Exposure, Leptin, Overweight, Mice
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