Cited by 96Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchHealth, Environment, Cognitive AgingToxic Organic Pollutants Impact

Metabolic Signatures of Youth Exposure to Mixtures of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: A Multi-Cohort Study

Open access
Goodrich, Jesse A., Walker, Douglas I., He, Jingxuan, Lin, Xiangping, Baumert, Brittney O., Hu, Xin, Alderete, Tanya L., Chen, Zhanghua +10 more·2023·Environmental Health Perspectives

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is ubiquitous and has been associated with an increased risk of several cardiometabolic diseases. However, the metabolic pathways linking PFAS exposure and human disease are unclear. OBJECTIVE: We examined associations of PFAS mixtures with alterations in metabolic pathways in independent cohorts of adolescents and young adults. METHODS: -tests. RESULTS: th percentile), thyroxine (T4), a thyroid hormone related to tyrosine metabolism, increased by 0.72 standard deviations (SDs; equivalent to a standardized mean difference) in the SOLAR cohort (95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI): 0.00, 1.20) and 1.60 SD in the CHS cohort (95% BCI: 0.39, 2.80). Similarly, when going from low to high PFAS exposure, arachidonic acid increased by 0.81 SD in the SOLAR cohort (95% BCI: 0.37, 1.30) and 0.67 SD in the CHS cohort (95% BCI: 0.00, 1.50). In general, no individual PFAS appeared to drive the observed associations. DISCUSSION: Exposure to PFAS is associated with alterations in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in adolescents and young adults. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11372.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1289/ehp11372

Cites

138 of 138 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Associations have been reported with ADHD, lower cognitive scores, and increased risk of depression, possibly mediated through oxidative stress and neurotransmitter pathway disruption.

    “Associations have been reported with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), lower cognitive scores, and increased risk of depression, possibly mediated through oxidative stress and neurotransmitter pathway disruption [78,91].”

    From Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Healthcare: Environmental and Clinical Insights (2025) · cites this paper as [78]

    The Discussion (page not available in our copy) links PFAS exposure to oxidative-stress markers and reports alterations in metabolites associated with catecholamine biosynthesis. It does not report associations with ADHD, lower cognitive scores, or depression, or establish that these pathways mediate those outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Evidence is accumulating that PFAS exposure may impact neurodevelopmental trajectories and mental health.

    “Evidence is accumulating that PFAS exposure may impact neurodevelopmental trajectories and mental health.”

    From Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Healthcare: Environmental and Clinical Insights (2025) · cites this paper as [78]

    The Discussion (page not provided) reports animal evidence of PFAS-related changes in brain dopamine and says altered central catecholamine biosynthesis could contribute to potential neurotoxic effects. It does not address neurodevelopmental trajectories or mental health outcomes, so those parts of the claim are not supported by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Metabolomics analyses reveal PFAS-induced perturbations in glucose and lipid metabolic pathways.

    “Metabolomics analyses further reveal PFAS-induced perturbations in glucose and lipid metabolic pathways [78].”

    From Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Healthcare: Environmental and Clinical Insights (2025) · cites this paper as [78]

    The Results section (“PFAS Exposure Was Associated with Metabolic Pathways”; page not provided) reports associations with a lipid pathway, de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. It does not identify a glucose metabolic pathway among the pathways found. The paper reports associations rather than establishing that PFAS caused the perturbations. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 139 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Goodrich, J. A., Walker, D. I., He, J., Lin, X., Baumert, B. O., Hu, X., Alderete, T. L., Chen, Z., Valvi, D., Fuentes, Z. C., Rock, S., Wang, H., Berhane, K., Gilliland, F. D., Goran, M. I., Jones, D. P., Conti, D. V., & Chatzi, L.
Affiliations
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • Emory University (US)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
  • University of Colorado Boulder (US)
  • Columbia University (US)
  • Children's Hospital Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author
Goodrich, Jesse A.
Venue
Environmental Health Perspectives
Published
2023-02
Volume
131
Issue
2
Pages
27005-27005
ISSN
  • 0091-6765 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-9924
OpenAlex
W4321503823
Cited by
96
References
139
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 10
FWCI
2.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Environmental Health Perspectives (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RD-83544101, 5P30ES007048, P30ES007048, P30ES019776, R24ES029490)
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR004419)
  • National Cancer Institute (P01CA196569)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R25GM143298)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK059211)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U2CES030163, R21ES031824, T32ES013678, P01ES011627, R21ES029328, R24ES029490, R01ES029944, P01ES022845, R00ES027853, R01ES032189, R21ES029681, R01ES030691, R01ES030364, R00ES027870, R21ES035148, R21ES028903, P30ES007048, R01ES033688, P30ES019776, P30ES023515, U2CES030859, K12ES033594, R01ES032831)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
  • National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P50MD017344)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Keywords
per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS mixtures, adolescent exposure, young adults, metabolic signatures, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, thyroid hormones, thyroxine, arachidonic acid, tyrosine metabolism, cardiometabolic disease, multi-cohort study
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Bayes Theorem, Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Tyrosine, Cohort Studies, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review