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Candida albicans biofilms: development, regulation, and molecular mechanisms
Open accessAbstract
A major virulence attribute of Candida albicans is its ability to form biofilms, densely packed communities of cells adhered to a surface. These biofilms are intrinsically resistant to conventional antifungal therapeutics, the host immune system, and other environmental factors, making biofilm-associated infections a significant clinical challenge. Here, we review current knowledge on the development, regulation, and molecular mechanisms of C. albicans biofilms.
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“Biofilm formation helps fungal cells survive antifungal treatment by secreting extracellular matrix and enhancing drug efflux pump activity, which is closely related to antifungal tolerance and resistance [75–77].”
From Antifungal persistence: Clinical relevance and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [75]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gulati, M., & Nobile, C. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Merced (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nobile, Clarissa J.
- ORCID
- Nobile, Clarissa J.
- Venue
- Microbes and Infection
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 310-321
- ISSN
- 1286-4579 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4860025
- OpenAlex
- W2252911663
- Cited by
- 738
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 100 · 2024: 101 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 5.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Microbes and Infection (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (R00AI100896)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Keywords
- Candida albicans, biofilm, biofilm formation, biofilm regulation, molecular mechanisms, antifungal resistance, host immune evasion, fungal virulence, biofilm-associated infections
- MeSH terms
- Candida albicans, Humans, Virulence, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Biofilms
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