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Cited by 146Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild Nutrition and Feeding IssuesGenetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Changing conceptualizations of regression: What prospective studies reveal about the onset of autism spectrum disorder

Open access
Ozonoff, Sally, Iosif, Ana-Maria·2019·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.012PMC PMC6451681
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Abstract

Until the last decade, studies of the timing of early symptom emergence in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) relied upon retrospective methods. Recent investigations, however, are raising significant questions about the accuracy and validity of such data. Questions about when and how behavioral signs of autism emerge may be better answered through prospective studies, in which infants are enrolled near birth and followed longitudinally until the age at which ASD can be confidently diagnosed or ruled out. This review summarizes the results of recent studies that utilized prospective methods to study infants at high risk of developing ASD due to family history. Collectively, prospective studies demonstrate that the onset of ASD involves declines in the rates of key social and communication behaviors during the first years of life for most children. This corpus of literature suggests that regressive onset patterns occur much more frequently than previously recognized and may be the rule rather than the exception.

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  • The prevalence of each co-occurring condition varies considerably with the context of the sample and the methodology used, as well as with age, level of cognitive function and perhaps region.

    “However, it is important to note, in the context of heterogeneity, that the prevalence of each of these co-occurring conditions varies considerably with the context of the sample (such as from psychiatry referrals, neurological referrals, or schools) and the methodology used (administrative, selfreport or assessed), as well as with age, level of cognitive function and perhaps region 161”

    From Autism spectrum disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [161]

    The Introduction’s “Prospective Studies of Onset” section discusses how sample recruitment and assessment methods may affect findings about autism onset. The “Simplex v. Multiplex Samples” section likewise concerns rates of developmental regression, not the prevalence of co-occurring conditions. Searches for co-occurring-condition prevalence, referral settings, cognitive function, and region found no passage addressing the attributed claim; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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  • Co-occurring difficulties or disorders are much more widely recognized in research, although they are not necessarily adequately addressed in clinical practice.

    “In addition to the core features of ASD, co-occurring difficulties or disorders (Fig. 5) are much more widely recognized in research 160,161 , although they are not necessarily adequately addressed in clinical practice 162”

    From Autism spectrum disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [161]

    The Conclusions section, “Regression in ASD is the Rule, not the Exception” (page unavailable), discusses recognition of developmental skill loss, not recognition of co-occurring difficulties or disorders. Searches for “co-occurring,” “comorbid,” and related conditions found no passage addressing the research-recognition claim. The clinical-practice clause is attached to a different citation in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.72)

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Boterberg S, Chairman T, Marschik P, Bolte S, & Roeyers H (this issue). Regression in autism spectrum disorder: Characteristics, etiology, early development, and outcomes – A review of retrospective studies.
  2. Fein D, Helt M, Brennan L, & Barton M (2016). The activity kit for babies and toddlers at risk: How to use everyday routines to build social and communication skills. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  3. Goldberg WA, Thorsen KL, Osann K, & Spence MA (2008). Use of home videotapes to confirm parental reports of regression in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1136– 1146. 18058010
  4. Parikh C, Iosif A, & Ozonoff S (2018). A longitudinal examination of onset patterns and developmental trajectories among infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. Paper presented at the annual Gatlinburg Conference, San Diego CA.

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Authors
Ozonoff, S., & Iosif, A.-M.
Affiliations
University of California, Davis (US)
Corresponding author
Ozonoff, Sally
ORCID
Venue
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-05
Volume
100
Pages
296-304
ISSN
0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.012
PMC
PMC6451681
OpenAlex
W2922503204
Cited by
146
References
82
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13
FWCI
2.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
NIH (R01 MH068398, R01 MH099046)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, regression analysis, prospective study, high-risk infants, family history (medicine), infant development, longitudinal follow-up
MeSH terms
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Child, Child Development, Psychology, Child, Humans, Infant, Prospective Studies, Regression, Psychology, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Social Behavior, Age of Onset, Infant Behavior

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