Neural correlates of a 'pessimistic' attitude when anticipating events of unknown emotional valence
Open accessAbstract
Since we do not know what future holds for us, we prepare for expected emotional events in order to deal with a pleasant or threatening environment. From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense to be particularly prepared for the worst-case scenario. We were interested to evaluate whether this assumption is reflected in the central nervous information processing associated with expecting visual stimuli of unknown emotional valence. While being scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging, healthy subjects were cued to expect and then perceive visual stimuli with a known emotional valence as pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral, as well as stimuli of unknown valence that could have been either pleasant or unpleasant. While anticipating pictures of unknown valence, the activity of emotion processing brain areas was similar to activity associated with expecting unpleasant pictures, but there were no areas in which the activity was similar to the activity when expecting pleasant pictures. The activity of the revealed regions, including bilateral insula, right inferior frontal gyrus, medial thalamus, and red nucleus, further correlated with the individual ratings of mood: the worse the mood, the higher the activity. These areas are supposedly involved in a network for internal adaptation and preparation processes in order to act according to potential or certain unpleasant events. Their activity appears to reflect a 'pessimistic' bias by anticipating the events of unknown valence to be unpleasant.
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A similar setup in depressed patients identified distinct regions potentially corresponding to a negative cognitive bias in MDD.
“A similar setup in depressed patients identified distinct regions potentially corresponding to a negative cognitive bias in MDD”
From SSRI Treatment Response Prediction in Depression Based on Brain Activation by Emotional Stimuli (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
The Behavioral analysis states that the fMRI participants were healthy and had non-pathological depressiveness ratings, not that they were depressed patients. The Correlation with psychometric questionnaires section identifies distinct regions whose activity during unknown-event anticipation correlated with depressiveness scores, and the discussion proposes them as potential markers for depressed states. The claim is supported as a tentative link to negative bias, but not as a finding in patients with MDD. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn unknown situations, people tend to expect the worst-case scenario.
“Although the sample size in this study was small, the findings suggest that in unknown situations, people tend to expect the worst-case scenario.8”
From EMDR treatment for anxiety in MS patients: A pilot study (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
The Discussion reports that, when anticipating pictures of unknown emotional valence, participants showed brain activity similar to that seen when anticipating unpleasant pictures. The conclusion describes this as a ‘pessimistic’ or ‘cautious’ bias toward the worst case. The claim extends that finding from anticipation of emotional stimuli to unknown situations generally, and from a pattern of brain activity to what people consciously expect. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe neuroimaging task was identical to the one used by Herwig et al. (24).
“The task was identical to the one used by Herwig et al. (24).”
From SSRI Treatment Response Prediction in Depression Based on Brain Activation by Emotional Stimuli (2020) · cites this paper as [24]
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“unknown situations, people tend to expect the worstcase scenario.(8)”
Background
- Authors
- Herwig, U., Kaffenberger, T., Baumgartner, T., & Jäncke, L.
- Affiliations
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich (CH)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Herwig, Uwe
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 848-858
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2100002693
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- pessimistic bias, emotional valence, insula, inferior frontal gyrus, medial thalamus, red nucleus, mood, emotional processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Emotions, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Photic Stimulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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