Self-related awareness and emotion regulation
Open accessAbstract
The regulation of emotions is an ongoing internal process and often a challenge. Current related neural models concern the intended control of reactions towards external events, mediated by prefrontal cortex regions upon basal emotion processing as in the amygdala. Cognitive strategies to regulate emotions in the context of affective disorders or stress reduction, increasingly applied in clinical practice, are also related to mindfulness techniques. We questioned their effects on neural emotion processing and investigated brain activity during purely internal mental self-referential processes of making current emotions and self-related cognitions aware. Thirty healthy subjects performed a task comprising periods of cognitive self-reflection, of introspection for actual own emotions and feelings, and of a neutral condition, while they were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain activations of twenty-seven subjects during emotion-introspection and self-reflection, and also a conjunction of both, were compared with the neutral condition. The conditions of self-reflection and emotion-introspection showed distinguishable activations in medial and ventrolateral prefrontal areas, in parietal regions and in the amygdala. Notably, amygdala activity decreased during emotion-introspection and increased compared to 'neutral' during self-reflection. The results indicate that already the self-referential mental state of making the actual emotional state aware is capable of attenuating emotional arousal. This extends current theories of emotion regulation and has implications for the application of mindfulness techniques as a component of psychotherapeutic strategies in affective disorders and also for possible everyday emotion regulation.
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These regions overlap with findings from existing studies of mindfulness, which have reported an overall 'quieting' effect of mindfulness on default mode regions associated with subjective awareness.
“These regions overlap with findings from existing studies of mindfulness, which have reported an overall ‘quieting’ effect of mindfulness on default mode regions associated with subjective awareness (Cavanna and Trimble, 2006; Farb et al., 2007; Herwig et al., 2010).”
From Neural correlates of emotion acceptance<i>vs</i>worry or suppression in generalized anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Herwig et al., 2010
Emotional body-awareness strategy decreases amygdala activation compared to reappraisal strategy.
“In Herwig et al.'s study, the usage of emotional body-awareness strategy decreased amygdala activation compared to reappraisal strategy (Herwig et al., 2010).”
From Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies (2017) · cites this paper as Herwig et al., 2010
Applying cognitive reappraisal to emotions generated via implicit stimulation results in paradoxical increased activation of the amygdala.
“In particular, in two studies, applying cognitive reappraisal to emotions generated via implicit stimulation resulted in a paradoxical increased activation of the amygdala (Herwig et al., 2010; McRae et al., 2012).”
From Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies (2017) · cites this paper as Herwig et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Herwig, U., Kaffenberger, T., Jäncke, L., & Brühl, A. B.
- Affiliations
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Herwig, Uwe
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 734-741
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2073250254
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.zora.uzh.ch
- Licence
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Swiss National Foundation (3200B0-120518)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, self-reflection, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, emotional arousal, mindfulness, mood disorders, stress reduction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Awareness, Brain, Brain Mapping, Emotions, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Self Concept, Young Adult
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