Multiple routes to memory: distinct medial temporal lobe processes build item and source memories
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A central function of memory is to permit an organism to distinguish between stimuli that have been previously encountered and those that are novel. Although the medial temporal lobe (which includes the hippocampus and surrounding perirhinal, parahippocampal, and entorhinal cortices) is known to be crucial for recognition memory, controversy remains regarding how the specific subregions within the medial temporal lobe contribute to recognition. We used event-related functional MRI to examine the relation between activation in distinct medial temporal lobe subregions during memory formation and the ability (i) to later recognize an item as previously encountered (item recognition) and (ii) to later recollect specific contextual details about the prior encounter (source recollection). Encoding activation in hippocampus and in posterior parahippocampal cortex predicted later source recollection, but was uncorrelated with item recognition. In contrast, encoding activation in perirhinal cortex predicted later item recognition, but not subsequent source recollection. These outcomes suggest that the subregions within the medial temporal lobe subserve distinct, but complementary, learning mechanisms.
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The prior literature is most consistent with a role for the PRC in item processing.
“the prior literature is most consistent with a role for the PRC in item processing”
From Delay-dependent contributions of medial temporal lobe regions to episodic memory retrieval (2015) · cites this paper as Davachi et al., 2003
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Davachi, L., Mitchell, J. P., & Wagner, A. D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2003-02-10
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2157-2162
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC149975
- OpenAlex
- W2153591523
- Cited by
- 899
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 24.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH012793, MH 60941, MH12793, R01MH060941)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- medial temporal lobe, recognition memory, item recognition, source memory, recollection, hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex, perirhinal cortex, entorhinal cortex, memory encoding, memory formation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Task Performance and Analysis, Temporal Lobe
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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