GABA concentration is reduced in visual cortex in schizophrenia and correlates with orientation-specific surround suppression
Open accessAbstract
The neural mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia remain essentially unknown. The GABA hypothesis proposes that reduced neuronal GABA concentration and neurotransmission results in cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. However, few in vivo studies have directly examined this hypothesis. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at high field to measure visual cortical GABA levels in 13 subjects with schizophrenia and 13 demographically matched healthy control subjects. We found that the schizophrenia group had an ∼10% reduction in GABA concentration. We further tested the GABA hypothesis by examining the relationship between visual cortical GABA levels and orientation-specific surround suppression (OSSS), a behavioral measure of visual inhibition thought to be dependent on GABAergic synaptic transmission. Previous work has shown that subjects with schizophrenia exhibit reduced OSSS of contrast discrimination (Yoon et al., 2009). For subjects with both MRS and OSSS data ( n = 16), we found a highly significant positive correlation ( r = 0.76) between these variables. GABA concentration was not correlated with overall contrast discrimination performance for stimuli without a surround ( r = −0.10). These results suggest that a neocortical GABA deficit in subjects with schizophrenia leads to impaired cortical inhibition and that GABAergic synaptic transmission in visual cortex plays a critical role in OSSS.
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GABA-related functional deficits are seen even in the visual cortex of schizophrenia patients.
“and GABA-related functional deficits are seen even in their visual cortex (68–71).”
From Prolonged Period of Cortical Plasticity upon Redox Dysregulation in Fast-Spiking Interneurons (2015) · cites this paper as [69]
Patients with schizophrenia exhibit reduced GABA concentration in the visual cortex compared with healthy controls.
“Interestingly, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Yoon et al. revealed that patients who suffer from schizophrenia exhibited a reduced GABA concentration in the visual cortex compared with healthy controls (Yoon et al., 2010).”
From What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia (2014) · cites this paper as Yoon et al., 2010
Lower GABA concentration in patients correlates with more accurate contrast discrimination despite a misleading context.
“Furthermore, the authors found that this reduction predicted better (less biased) performances in the surround suppression task by observing that the lower rates of GABA observed in patients correlated with their tendency to be more accurate in contrast discrimination despite a misleading context.”
From What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia (2014) · cites this paper as Yoon et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Yoon, J. H., Maddock, R. J., Rokem, A., Silver, M. A., Minzenberg, M. J., Ragland, J. D., & Carter, C. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yoon, Jong H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-03-10
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3777-3781
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC2846788
- OpenAlex
- W2047100861
- Cited by
- 408
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 20.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (K08MH076174)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, GABA, visual cortex, cortical inhibition, GABAergic neurotransmission, contrast discrimination, cognitive impairment, magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Humans, Male, Synaptic Transmission, Orientation, Photic Stimulation, Schizophrenia, Visual Cortex, Young Adult
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