Cited by 220Child Welfare and AdoptionChild Abuse and TraumaStress Responses and Cortisol

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Duration of early adversity and structural brain development in post-institutionalized adolescents

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Hodel, Amanda S., Hunt, Ruskin H., Cowell, Raquel A., Van Den Heuvel, Sara E., Gunnar, Megan R., Thomas, Kathleen M.·2015·NeuroImage

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.020PMC PMC4262668

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Abstract

For children reared in institutions for orphaned or abandoned children, multiple aspects of the early environment deviate from species-typical experiences, which may lead to alterations in neurobehavioral development. Although the effects of early deprivation and early life stress have been studied extensively in animal models, less is known about implications for human brain development. This structural neuroimaging study examined the long-term neural correlates of early adverse rearing environments in a large sample of 12-14 year old children (N = 110) who were internationally adopted from institutional care as young children (median age at adoption = 12 months) relative to a same age, comparison group reared with their biological families in the United States. History of institutional rearing was associated with broad changes in cortical volume even after controlling for variability in head size. Results suggested that prefrontal cortex was especially susceptible to early adversity, with significant reductions in volume (driven primarily by differences in surface area rather than cortical thickness) in post-institutionalized youth. Hippocampal volumes showed an association with duration of institutional care, with later-adopted children showing the smallest volumes relative to non-adopted controls. Larger amygdala volumes were not detected in this sample of post-institutionalized children. These data suggest that this temporally discrete period of early deprivation is associated with persisting alterations in brain morphology even years after exposure. Furthermore, these alterations are not completely ameliorated by subsequent environmental enrichment by early adolescence.

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Authors: Hodel, A. S., Hunt, R. H., Cowell, R. A., Van Den Heuvel, S. E., Gunnar, M. R., & Thomas, K. M.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
Corresponding author: Hodel, Amanda S.
ORCID: Hodel, Amanda S.
Gunnar, Megan R.
Thomas, Kathleen M.
Venue: NeuroImage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-01
Volume: 105
Pages: 112-119
ISSN: 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.020
PMC: PMC4262668
OpenAlex: W1982357879
Cited by: 220
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6
FWCI: 34.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: NIMH Center (P50-MH079513)
University of Minnesota's Center for Cognitive Sciences (T32-HD007151)
University of Minnesota Graduate School Fellowships
University of Minnesota's Center for Neurobehavioral Development (T32-MH73129)
College of Liberal Arts and the Minnesota Medical Foundation
University of Minnesota's Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P41-RR008079, P41-EB015894, P30-NS076408)
Supercomputing Institute
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: institutional upbringing, childhood adversity, early life stress, early deprivation, international adoption, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, cortical volume, brain structure, orphaned and abandoned children, neurobehavioral development
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Brain, Child, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Stress, Psychological, Orphanages, Child, Orphaned

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Duration of early adversity and structural brain development in post-institutionalized adolescents

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