A common neuroendocrine substrate for diverse general anesthetics and sleep
Open accessAbstract
How general anesthesia (GA) induces loss of consciousness remains unclear, and whether diverse anesthetic drugs and sleep share a common neural pathway is unknown. Previous studies have revealed that many GA drugs inhibit neural activity through targeting GABA receptors. Here, using Fos staining, ex vivo brain slice recording, and in vivo multi-channel electrophysiology, we discovered a core ensemble of hypothalamic neurons in and near the supraoptic nucleus, consisting primarily of neuroendocrine cells, which are persistently and commonly activated by multiple classes of GA drugs. Remarkably, chemogenetic or brief optogenetic activations of these anesthesia-activated neurons (AANs) strongly promote slow-wave sleep and potentiates GA, whereas conditional ablation or inhibition of AANs led to diminished slow-wave oscillation, significant loss of sleep, and shortened durations of GA. These findings identify a common neural substrate underlying diverse GA drugs and natural sleep and reveal a crucial role of the neuroendocrine system in regulating global brain states. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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These neuroendocrine cells are depolarized by isoflurane and intravenous anesthetics including ketamine in vitro and in vivo.
“These neuroendocrine cells are depolarized by isoflurane as well as intravenous anesthetics (including ketamine) both in vitro and in vivo [104].”
From The Biology of General Anesthesia from Paramecium to Primate (2019) · cites this paper as [104]
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The Biology of General Anesthesia from Paramecium to Primate
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- Authors
- Jiang-Xie, L.-F., Yin, L., Zhao, S., Prevosto, V., Han, B.-X., Dzirasa, K., & Wang, F.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Fan
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1053-1065.e4
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6554048
- OpenAlex
- W2938521998
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 9.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (DP1MH103908)
- Brain Research Foundation SIA
- W.M. Keck Foundation
- Human Frontier Science Program (LT000038/2018-L)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- general anesthesia, sleep, slow-wave sleep, supraoptic nucleus, hypothalamus, neuroendocrine system, loss of consciousness, GABA receptors, optogenetics, chemogenetics, neuronal ablation, brain states
- MeSH terms
- Sleep, Slow-Wave, Anesthesia, General, Animals, Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Hypothalamus, Isoflurane, Ketamine, Neurons, Sleep, Supraoptic Nucleus, Propofol, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Anesthetics, General, Dexmedetomidine, Mice, Neuroendocrine Cells, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Optogenetics
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