Long-term exercise treatment reduces oxidative stress in the hippocampus of aging rats
Abstract
Exercise can exert beneficial effects on cognitive functions of older subjects and it can also play an important role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. At the same time it is perceivable that limited information is available on the nature of molecular pathways supporting the antioxidant effects of exercise in the brain. In this study 12-month old, middle-aged female Wistar rats were subjected to daily moderate intensity exercise on a rodent treadmill for a period of 15weeks which covered the early aging period unmasking already some aging-related molecular disturbances. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the amount of protein carbonyls, the levels of antioxidant intracellular enzymes superoxide dismutases (SOD-1, SOD-2) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the hippocampus. In addition, to identify the molecular pathways that may be involved in ROS metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis, the activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the protein level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) were measured. Our results revealed a lower level of ROS associated with a reduced amount of protein carbonyls in the hippocampus of physically trained rats compared to sedentary controls. Furthermore, exercise induced an up-regulation of SOD-1 and GPx enzymes, p-AMPK and PGC-1α, that can be related to an improved redox balance in the hippocampus. These results suggest that long-term physical exercise can comprises antioxidant properties and by this way protect neurons against oxidative stress at the early stage of aging.
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Two weeks of treadmill running increased the abundance of antioxidants superoxide dismutase-1 and −2 and glutathione peroxidase and reduced ROS in the hippocampus of 12-month-old rats.
“Indeed, just 2 wk of treadmill running has been shown to increase the abundance of antioxidants superoxide dismutase-1 and −2 and glutathione peroxidase and reduce ROS in the hippocampus of 12-month-old rats (26).”
From Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
In young female mice on a high-fat/high-fructose diet, exercise alleviated diet-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus.
“In addition, exercise alleviated diet-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus (55), consistent with prior reports (26).”
From Exercise Counters the Age-Related Accumulation of Senescent Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Marosi, K., Bori, Z., Hart, N., Sárga, L., Koltai, E., Radák, Z., & Nyakas, C.
- Affiliations
- Semmelweis University (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Nyakas, C.
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 226
- Pages
- 21-28
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2130449421
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 13.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Keywords
- physical activity, oxidative stress, hippocampus, aging, reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyls, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, AMPK, PGC-1α, mitochondrial biogenesis, neuroprotection, antioxidant enzymes, redox homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha, Aging, Animals, Antioxidants, Female, Glutathione Peroxidase, Hippocampus, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Superoxide Dismutase, Transcription Factors, Blotting, Western, RNA-Binding Proteins, Rats, Wistar, Reactive Oxygen Species, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Oxidative Stress, Protein Carbonylation, Rats
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