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Cited by 148Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsRetinal Imaging and AnalysisOcular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome

Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension Are Strong Risk Factors for Choroidal Neovascularization

Hogg, Ruth E., Woodside, Jayne V., Gilchrist, Sarah E.C.M., Graydon, Ryan, Fletcher, Astrid E., Chan, Wing, Knox, Angela, Cartmill, Barry +1 more·2008·Ophthalmology
DOI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.07.031
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Abstract

Purpose To investigate the association of cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory markers with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Design Cross-sectional case-control study.Participants Of the 410 of the >/=65-year-old community sample invited to attend, 205 participated (50% response rate). Of the 215 clinic attendees who were invited to participate, 212 agreed to take part (98% response rate). A diagnosis of neovascular AMD in at least one eye was made in 193 clinic attendees and 2 of the community sample.Methods Clinic and community participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination with fundus imaging, were interviewed for assessment of putative risk factors, and provided a blood sample. Analysis included levels of serum lipids, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM), vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM), and C-reactive protein (CRP). All participants were classified by fundus image grading on the basis of the eye with more severe AMD features.Main outcome measure Neovascular AMD.Results There were 195 participants with choroidal neovascularization in at least one eye, 97 nonneovascular AMD participants, and 115 controls (no drusen or pigmentary irregularities in either eye). In confounder-adjusted logistic regression, a history of cardiovascular disease was strongly associated with neovascular AMD (odds ratio [OR], 7.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.78-20.41). Cigarette smoking (OR, 3.71; 95% CI, 1.25-11.06), being in the highest quartile of body mass index (OR, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.22-12.01), stage 2 hypertension (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.14-8.98), and being in the highest quartile of serum cholesterol (OR, 4.66; 95% CI, 1.35-16.13) were positively associated with neovascular AMD. There was no association between AMD status and serum CRP, ICAM, or VCAM.Conclusions Our results suggest that cardiovascular disease plays an etiological role in the development of choroidal neovascularization in a proportion of older adults and highlight the importance of control of blood pressure and cholesterol, avoidance of smoking, and maintenance of a normal body weight.

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  • Higher body mass index is associated with late AMD in case-control studies (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.15 - 2.00).

    “However, the two case control studies [64,67] did achieve statistical significance (OR 1.52; 95% 1.15 - 2.00) (Figure 9).”

    From Clinical risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2010) · cites this paper as [67]

  • Hypertension was found to be associated with age-related macular degeneration in some studies.

    “Hypertension was found to be associated with age-related macular degeneration in some studies.87–89”

    From Age-related macular degeneration (2008) · cites this paper as [89]

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Authors
Hogg, R. E., Woodside, J. V., Gilchrist, S. E. C. M., Graydon, R., Fletcher, A. E., Chan, W., Knox, A., Cartmill, B., & Chakravarthy, U.
Affiliations
  • London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
  • Royal Victoria Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author
  • Hogg, Ruth E.
  • Chakravarthy, Usha
ORCID
Venue
Ophthalmology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-06
Volume
115
Issue
6
Pages
1046-1052.e2
ISSN
0161-6420 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.07.031
OpenAlex
W2085174145
Cited by
148
References
38
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 12
FWCI
12.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
Keywords
neovascular age-related macular degeneration, choroidal neovascularization, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cardiovascular risk factors, cigarette smoking, body mass index, serum cholesterol, C-reactive protein, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, inflammatory markers, older adults, etiology, risk factors, drusen
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Pressure, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Body Mass Index, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Choroidal Neovascularization

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