A behavioral genetic investigation of the Dark Triad and the big 5.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Narcissism has a substantial genetic contribution (h2 = .59) that is strongly linked with interpersonal antagonism.
“In a behavioral genetic analysis of the dark triad, narcissism was found to have a substantial genetic contribution (i.e., h 2 = .59,where h 2 is broad-sense heritability) that was strongly linked with interpersonal antagonism (Vernon et al. 2008).”
From Controversies in Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Vernon et al. 2008
There is substantial genetic correlation between grandiose narcissism and extraversion (rg = 0.42).
“However, there is substantial genetic correlation between grandiose narcissism and extraversion (rg = 0.42)”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Vernon et al., 2008
Observed correlations between the Dark Triad and the Big 5 are largely attributable to the influence of the same genes.
“which means that “observed correlations […] between the Dark Triad and the Big 5 are largely attributable to the influence of the same genes” (ibid., p. 451).”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Vernon et al., 2008
Behavioral genetic twin studies estimate the heritability of (grandiose) narcissism similar to that of intro-/extraversion (e.g., a2 = 0.59).
“It has to be noted, though, that behavioral genetic twin studies estimate the heritability of (grandiose) narcissism similar to that of intro-/extraversion (e.g., a2 = 0.59; Vernon et al., 2008)”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Vernon et al., 2008
The DT traits are significantly inter-correlated with considerable convergent correlations between subscales.
“Nevertheless, the DT traits are significantly inter-correlated (18) with considerable convergent correlations between subscales (19).”
From Empathy at the heart of darkness: empathy deficits that bind the dark triad and those that mediate indirect relational aggression. (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
Cites
Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81 · Cited by 6,404 · see citing works
The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00505-6 · Cited by 5,265 · see citing works
Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes
(1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-07551-2 · Cited by 3,237 · see citing works
Christie, R., & Geis, F. L. (1970) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10497-7 · Cited by 2,943 · see citing works
A Narcissistic Personality Inventory.
Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S. (1979) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590 · Cited by 1,975 · see citing works
Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes:
Jordan, R. P. (1992) · Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian · doi:10.1300/j103v11n02_05 · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
Lee, K., & Ashton, M. C. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.09.016 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Adjustment of twin data for the effects of age and sex
McGue, M., & Bouchard, T. (1984) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf01080045 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
The dark triad and normal personality traits
Jakobwitz, S., & Egan, V. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.006 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Jang, K. L., McCrae, R. R., Angleitner, A., Riemann, R., & Livesley, W. J. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1556 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
The power of the classical twin study
Martin, N. G., Eaves, L. J., Kearsey, M. J., & Davies, P. H. O. (1978) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/hdy.1978.10 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Genetic and environmental contributions to dimensions of personality disorder
Livesley, W. J., Jang, K. L., Jackson, D. N., & Vernon, P. A. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.12.1826 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Self-citationA genetic factor explains most of the variation in the psychopathic personality.
Larsson, H., Andershed, H., & Lichtenstein, P. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.2.221 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Interpersonal Trust and Attitudes toward Human Nature
Wrightsman, L. S. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-590241-0.50012-5 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Blonigen, D. M., Hicks, B. M., Krueger, R. F., Patrick, C. J., & Iacono, W. G. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.1.85 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Taylor, J. E., Loney, B. R., Bobadilla, L., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. K. (2003) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1026262207449 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Johnson, A. M., Vernon, P. A., & Feiler, A. R. (2008) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781849200462.n7 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationHansen, C., & Hansen, R. D. (1991) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1080/08838159109364129 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
A behavioral genetic study of trait emotional intelligence.
Vernon, P. A., Petrides, K. V., Bratko, D., & Schermer, J. A. (2008) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0013439 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191113514105 · Cited by 2,162 · see citing works
The Dark Triad of personality: A 10 year review
Furnham, A., Richards, S. C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12018 · Cited by 1,619 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the dark triad and work behavior: a social exchange perspective
O'Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., & McDaniel, M. A. (2012) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025679 · Cited by 1,331 · see citing works
Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Otgaar, H., & Meijer, E. (2017) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616666070 · Cited by 946 · see citing works
Toward a taxonomy of dark personalities
Paulhus, D. L. (2014) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414547737 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Behavioral confirmation of everyday Sadism
Buckels, E. E., Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613490749 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Hyatt, C. S., & Campbell, W. K. (2017) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045244 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Rauthmann, J. F., & Kolar, G. P. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.020 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Empathy deficits and trait emotional intelligence in psychopathy and Machiavellianism
Ali, F., Amorim, I. S., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.016 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Psychopathy and machiavellianism: a distinction without a difference?
Miller, J. D., Hyatt, C. S., Maples‐Keller, J. L., Carter, N. T., & Lynam, D. R. (2017) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12251 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Origins of narcissism in children
Brummelman, E., Thomaes, S., Nelemans, S. A., Orobio de Castro, B., Overbeek, G., & Bushman, B. J. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1420870112 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Moor, L., & Anderson, J. R. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.027 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism
Jauk, E., Weigle, E., Lehmann, K., Benedek, M., & Neubauer, A. C. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01600 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Heym, N., Firth, J., Kibowski, F., Sumich, A., Egan, V., & Bloxsom, C. A. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00095 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Sabouri, S., Gerber, M., Lemola, S., Becker, S. P., Shamsi, M., Shakouri, Z., Sadeghi Bahmani, D., Kalak, N., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., & Brand, S. (2016) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.03.012 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Male and female face of Machiavellianism: Opportunism or anxiety?
Czibor, A., Szabo, Z. P., Jones, D. N., Zsido, A. N., Paal, T., Szijjarto, L., Carre, J. R., & Bereczkei, T. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.002 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Thomaes, S., & Brummelman, E. (2016) · Developmental Psychopathology · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy316 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Vernon, P. A., Villani, V. C., Vickers, L. C., & Harris, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Vernon, Philip A.
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 445-452
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2085705505
- Cited by
- 466
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 9.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- Dark Triad, Big Five personality traits, narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, heritability, genetic factors, nonshared environment, shared environment, twin studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
