Retinal microglia: Just bystander or target for therapy?

Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo

Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827

Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages

Ginhoux, F., Greter, M., Leboeuf, M., Nandi, S., See, P., Gokhan, S., Mehler, M. F., Conway, S. J., Ng, L. G., Stanley, E. R., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1194637 · Cited by 5,175

Synaptic Pruning by Microglia Is Necessary for Normal Brain Development

Paolicelli, R. C., Bolasco, G., Pagani, F., Maggi, L., Scianni, M., Panzanelli, P., Giustetto, M., Ferreira, T. A., Guiducci, E., Dumas, L., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1202529 · Cited by 4,244

Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner

Schafer, D. P., Lehrman, E. K., Kautzman, A. G., Koyama, R., Mardinly, A. R., Yamasaki, R., Ransohoff, R. M., Greenberg, M. E., Barres, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.026 · Cited by 4,089

ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo

Davalos, D., Grutzendler, J., Yang, G., Kim, J. V., Zuo, Y., Jung, S., Littman, D. R., Dustin, M. L., & Gan, W.-B. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1472 · Cited by 3,913

Physiology of Microglia

Kettenmann, H., Hanisch, U.-K., Noda, M., & Verkhratsky, A. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00011.2010 · Cited by 3,547

Retinitis pigmentosa

Hartong, D. T., Berson, E. L., & Dryja, T. P. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69740-7 · Cited by 2,924

Complement factor H polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration

Edwards, A. O., Ritter, R., Abel, K. J., Manning, A., Panhuysen, C., & Farrer, L. A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110189 · Cited by 2,449

Complement factor H variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration

Haines, J. L., Hauser, M. A., Schmidt, S., Scott, W. K., Olson, L. M., Gallins, P., Spencer, K. L., Kwan, S. Y., Noureddine, M., Gilbert, J. R., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110359 · Cited by 2,424

Tissue-Resident Macrophages Self-Maintain Locally throughout Adult Life with Minimal Contribution from Circulating Monocytes

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A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif

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Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Signaling Is Necessary for Microglia Viability, Unmasking a Microglia Progenitor Cell in the Adult Brain

Elmore, M. R. P., Najafi, A. R., Koike, M. A., Dagher, N. N., Spangenberg, E. E., Rice, R. A., Kitazawa, M., Matusow, B., Nguyen, H., West, B. L., et al. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.040 · Cited by 1,968

A common haplotype in the complement regulatory gene factor H ( HF1/CFH ) predisposes individuals to age-related macular degeneration

Hageman, G. S., Anderson, D. H., Johnson, L. V., Hancox, L. S., Taiber, A. J., Hardisty, L. I., Hageman, J. L., Stockman, H. A., Borchardt, J. D., Gehrs, K. M., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501536102 · Cited by 1,961

The P2Y12 receptor regulates microglial activation by extracellular nucleotides

Haynes, S. E., Hollopeter, G., Yang, G., Kurpius, D., Dailey, M. E., Gan, W.-B., & Julius, D. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1805 · Cited by 1,542

Microglial interactions with synapses are modulated by visual experience

Tremblay, M.-È., Lowery, R. L., & Majewska, A. K. (2010) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000527 · Cited by 1,542

Control of microglial neurotoxicity by the fractalkine receptor

Cardona, A. E., Pioro, E. P., Sasse, M. E., Kostenko, V., Cardona, S. M., Dijkstra, I. M., Huang, D., Kidd, G., Dombrowski, S., Dutta, R., et al. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1715 · Cited by 1,531

Microglia-specific localisation of a novel calcium binding protein, Iba1

Ito, D., Imai, Y., Ohsawa, K., Nakajima, K., Fukuuchi, Y., & Kohsaka, S. (1998) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(98)00040-0 · Cited by 1,476

Age-related macular degeneration

Jager, R. D., Mieler, W. F., & Miller, J. W. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra0801537 · Cited by 1,379

Microglia in the adult brain arise from Ly-6ChiCCR2+ monocytes only under defined host conditions

Mildner, A., Schmidt, H., Nitsche, M., Merkler, D., Hanisch, U.-K., Mack, M., Heikenwalder, M., Brück, W., Priller, J., & Prinz, M. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2015 · Cited by 1,089

Identification of two distinct mechanisms of phagocytosis controlled by different Rho GTPases

Caron, E., & Hall, A. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5394.1717 · Cited by 1,019

Minocycline: Far beyond an Antibiotic

Garrido‐Mesa, N., Zarzuelo, A., & Gálvez, J. (2013) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12139 · Cited by 935

Translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disorders

Rupprecht, R., Papadopoulos, V., Rammes, G., Baghai, T. C., Fan, J., Akula, N., Groyer, G., Adams, D., & Schumacher, M. (2010) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd3295 · Cited by 930

Microglial Phagocytosis of Live Neurons

Brown, G. C., & Neher, J. J. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3710 · Cited by 853

Complement C3 variant and the risk of age-related macular degeneration

Yates, J. R. W., Sepp, T., Matharu, B. K., Khan, J. C., Thurlby, D. A., Shahid, H., Clayton, D. G., Hayward, C., Morgan, J., Wright, A. F., et al. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa072618 · Cited by 829

Microglia Promote the Death of Developing Purkinje Cells

Marı́n-Teva, J. L., Dusart, I., Colin, C., Gervais, A., van Rooijen, N., & Mallat, M. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(04)00069-8 · Cited by 757

Oxidative damage-induced inflammation initiates age-related macular degeneration

Hollyfield, J. G., Bonilha, V. L., Rayborn, M. E., Yang, X., Shadrach, K. G., Lu, L., Ufret, R. L., Salomon, R. G., & Perez, V. L. (2008) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1709 · Cited by 710

Turnover of resident microglia in the normal adult mouse brain

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Microglia derived from aging mice exhibit an altered inflammatory profile

Sierra, A., Gottfried‐Blackmore, A. C., McEwen, B. S., & Bulloch, K. (2007) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20468 · Cited by 688

A macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor–green fluorescent protein transgene is expressed throughout the mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse

Sasmono, R. T., Oceandy, D., Pollard, J. W., Tong, W., Pavli, P., Wainwright, B. J., Ostrowski, M. C., Himes, S. R., & Hume, D. A. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-02-0569 · Cited by 662

Para-Inflammation in the Aging Retina

Xu, H., Chen, M., & Forrester, J. V. (2009) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.06.001 · Cited by 659

An animal model of age-related macular degeneration in senescent Ccl-2- or Ccr-2-deficient mice

Ambati, J., Anand, A., Fernandez, S., Sakurai, E., Lynn, B. C., Kuziel, W. A., Rollins, B. J., & Ambati, B. K. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm950 · Cited by 631

CX3CR1-dependent subretinal microglia cell accumulation is associated with cardinal features of age-related macular degeneration

Combadière, C., Feumi, C., Raoul, W., Keller, N., Rodéro, M., Pézard, A., Lavalette, S., Houssier, M., Jonet, L., Picard, E., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci31692 · Cited by 618

Activated microglia in human retinitis pigmentosa, late-onset retinal degeneration, and age-related macular degeneration

Gupta, N., Brown, K. E., & Milam, A. H. (2003) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(02)00332-9 · Cited by 582

Complement factor H binds malondialdehyde epitopes and protects from oxidative stress

Weismann, D., Hartvigsen, K., Lauer, N., Bennett, K. L., Scholl, H. P. N., Issa, P. C., Cano, M., Brandstätter, H., Tsimikas, S., Skerka, C., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10449 · Cited by 533

Age-related alterations in the dynamic behavior of microglia

Damani, M. R., Zhao, L., Fontainhas, A. M., Amaral, J., Fariss, R. N., & Wong, W. T. (2011) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00660.x · Cited by 504

Molecular clustering identifies complement and endothelin induction as early events in a mouse model of glaucoma

Howell, G. R., Macalinao, D. G., Sousa, G. L., Walden, M., Soto, I., Kneeland, S. C., Barbay, J. M., King, B. L., Marchant, J. K., Hibbs, M., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci44646 · Cited by 473

Immunological and Aetiological Aspects of Macular Degeneration

Penfold, P. L., Madigan, M. C., Gillies, M. C., & Provis, J. M. (2001) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(00)00025-2 · Cited by 460

Variation in complement factor 3 is associated with risk of age-related macular degeneration

Maller, J. B., Fagerness, J. A., Reynolds, R. C., Neale, B. M., Daly, M. J., & Seddon, J. M. (2007) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng2131 · Cited by 437

Visualising microglial activation in vivo

Banati, R. B. (2002) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.10144 · Cited by 428

Inhibition of Microglial Phagocytosis Is Sufficient To Prevent Inflammatory Neuronal Death

Neher, J. J., Neniskyte, U., Zhao, J.-W., Bal-Price, A., Tolkovsky, A. M., & Brown, G. C. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1003600 · Cited by 373

Fractalkine and CX3CR1 regulate hippocampal neurogenesis in adult and aged rats

Bachstetter, A. D., Morganti, J. M., Jernberg, J., Schlunk, A., Mitchell, S. H., Brewster, K. W., Hudson, C. E., Cole, M. J., Harrison, J. K., Bickford, P. C., et al. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.11.022 · Cited by 364

Animal models of choroidal and retinal neovascularization

Grossniklaus, H. E., Kang, S. J., & Berglin, L. (2010) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.05.003 · Cited by 350

Microglial Morphology and Dynamic Behavior Is Regulated by Ionotropic Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurotransmission

Fontainhas, A. M., Wang, M., Liang, K. J., Chen, S., Mettu, P., Damani, M., Fariss, R. N., Li, W., & Wong, W. T. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015973 · Cited by 334

mRNA up-regulation of MHC II and pivotal pro-inflammatory genes in normal brain aging

Frank, M. G., Barrientos, R. M., Biedenkapp, J. C., Rudy, J. W., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2006) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.03.013 · Cited by 327

A rare penetrant mutation in CFH confers high risk of age-related macular degeneration

Raychaudhuri, S., Iartchouk, O., Chin, K., Tan, P. L., Tai, A. K., Ripke, S., Gowrisankar, S., Vemuri, S., Montgomery, K., Yu, Y., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.976 · Cited by 323

Age and gender effects on microglia and astrocyte numbers in brains of mice

Mouton, P. R., Long, J. M., Lei, D.-L., Howard, V., Jucker, M., Calhoun, M. E., & Ingram, D. K. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03475-3 · Cited by 320

Effects of aging and sensory loss on glial cells in mouse visual and auditory cortices

Tremblay, M., Zettel, M. L., Ison, J. R., Allen, P. D., & Majewska, A. K. (2012) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22287 · Cited by 309

Age related macular degeneration and drusen: Neuroinflammation in the retina

Buschini, E., Piras, A., Nuzzi, R., & Vercelli, A. (2011) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.05.011 · Cited by 230

Adaptive Müller Cell Responses to Microglial Activation Mediate Neuroprotection and Coordinate Inflammation in the Retina

Wang, M., Ma, W., Zhao, L., Fariss, R. N., & Wong, W. T. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-173 · Cited by 228

IOP induces upregulation of GFAP and MHC-II and microglia reactivity in mice retina contralateral to experimental glaucoma

Gallego, B. I., Salazar, J. J., de Hoz, R., Rojas, B., Ramírez, A. I., Salinas-Navarro, M., Ortín-Martínez, A., Valiente-Soriano, F. J., Avilés-Trigueros, M., Villegas-Perez, M. P., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-92 · Cited by 224

Embryonic and postnatal development of microglial cells in the mouse retina

Santos, A. M., Calvente, R., Tassi, M., Carrasco, M., Martín‐Oliva, D., Marín‐Teva, J. L., Navascués, J., & Cuadros, M. A. (2008) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21538 · Cited by 213

Microarray analysis of retinal gene expression in the DBA/2J model of glaucoma

Steele, M. R., Inman, D. M., Calkins, D. J., Horner, P. J., & Vetter, M. L. (2006) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.05-0865 · Cited by 196

Turnover of resident retinal microglia in the normal adult mouse

Xu, H., Chen, M., Mayer, E. J., Forrester, J. V., & Dick, A. D. (2007) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20535 · Cited by 153

Rescue and repair during photoreceptor cell renewal mediated by docosahexaenoic acid-derived neuroprotectin D1

Bazan, N. G., Calandria, J. M., & Serhan, C. N. (2010) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r001131 · Cited by 140

TGFβ directs gene expression of activated microglia to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype strongly focusing on chemokine genes and cell migratory genes

Paglinawan, R., Malipiero, U., Schlapbach, R., Frei, K., Reith, W., & Fontana, A. (2003) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.10286 · Cited by 122

Microglial VEGF Receptor Response Is an Integral Chemotactic Component in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology

Ryu, J. K., Cho, T., Choi, H. B., Wang, Y. T., & McLarnon, J. G. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2888-08.2009 · Cited by 121

LKB1 and AMPK regulate synaptic remodeling in old age

Samuel, M. A., Voinescu, P. E., Lilley, B. N., de Cabo, R., Foretz, M., Viollet, B., Pawlyk, B., Sandberg, M. A., Vavvas, D. G., & Sanes, J. R. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3772 · Cited by 114

Microgliosis: the questions shape the answers

Ransohoff, R. M. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1207-1507 · Cited by 109

Decreased neuronal CD200 expression in IL-4-deficient mice results in increased neuroinflammation in response to lipopolysaccharide

Lyons, A., McQuillan, K., Deighan, B. F., O’Reilly, J.-A., Downer, E. J., Murphy, A. C., Watson, M., Piazza, A., O’Connell, F., Griffin, R., et al. (2009) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.05.060 · Cited by 98

A2E accumulation influences retinal microglial activation and complement regulation

Ma, W., Coon, S., Zhao, L., Fariss, R. N., & Wong, W. T. (2013) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.06.010 · Cited by 92

Assessment and In Vivo Scoring of Murine Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Chu, C. J., Herrmann, P., Carvalho, L. S., Liyanage, S. E., Bainbridge, J. W. B., Ali, R. R., Dick, A. D., & Luhmann, U. F. O. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063002 · Cited by 60

Role of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 in the mobilization of phagocytic retinal microglial cells

Raoul, W., Keller, N., Rodéro, M., Behar-Cohen, F., Sennlaub, F., & Combadière, C. (2008) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.04.014 · Cited by 60

Synthesis and Propagation of Complement C3 by Microglia/Monocytes in the Aging Retina

Rutar, M., Valter, K., Natoli, R., & Provis, J. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093343 · Cited by 56

Thrombospondin-1-mediated regulation of microglia activation after retinal injury

Ng, T. F., Turpie, B., & Masli, S. (2009) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2877 · Cited by 48

TLR9 Ligand CpG-ODN Applied to the Injured Mouse Cornea Elicits Retinal Inflammation

Chinnery, H. R., McLenachan, S., Binz, N., Sun, Y., Forrester, J. V., Degli-Esposti, M. A., Pearlman, E., & McMenamin, P. G. (2012) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.09.041 · Cited by 46

Role of Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy

Rübsam, A., Parikh, S., & Fort, P. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19040942 · Cited by 750

The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma.

Ramirez, A. I., de Hoz, R., Salobrar-Garcia, E., Salazar, J. J., Rojas, B., Ajoy, D., López-Cuenca, I., Rojas, P., Triviño, A., & Ramírez, J. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00214 · Cited by 466

Bidirectional Microglia–Neuron Communication in Health and Disease

Szepesi, Z., Manouchehrian, O., Bachiller, S., & Deierborg, T. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00323 · Cited by 459

Microglial Function Is Distinct in Different Anatomical Locations during Retinal Homeostasis and Degeneration

O’Koren, E. G., Yu, C., Klingeborn, M., Wong, A. Y. W., Prigge, C. L., Mathew, R., Kalnitsky, J., Msallam, R. A., Silvin, A., Kay, J. N., et al. (2019) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.02.007 · Cited by 440

Parainflammation, Chronic Inflammation and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Chen, M., & Xu, H. (2015) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.3ri0615-239r · Cited by 381