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Cited by 81Personality Disorders and PsychopathologyPersonality Traits and PsychologyEmotions and Moral Behavior

Shame in patients with narcissistic personality disorder

Ritter, Kathrin, Vater, Aline, Rüsch, Nicolas, Schröder-Abé, Michela, Schütz, Astrid, Fydrich, Thomas, Lammers, Claas-Hinrich, Roepke, Stefan·2014·Psychiatry Research
DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.019
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Abstract

Shame has been described as a central emotion in narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). However, there is a dearth of empirical data on shame in NPD. Patients with NPD (N=28), non-clinical controls (N=34) and individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD, N=31) completed self-report measures of state shame, shame-proneness, and guilt-proneness. Furthermore, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) was included as a measure of implicit shame, assessing implicit shame-self associations relative to anxiety-self associations. Participants with NPD reported higher levels of explicit shame than non-clinical controls, but lower levels than patients with BPD. Levels of guilt-proneness did not differ among the three study groups. The implicit shame-self associations (relative to anxiety-self associations) were significantly stronger among patients with NPD compared to nonclinical controls and BPD patients. Our findings indicate that shame is a prominent feature of NPD. Implications for diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

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  • Emotional states, such as envy or shame, affect self-esteem, and self-esteem regulation and emotion regulation mutually affect each other.

    “Emotional states, such as envy or shame, affect self-esteem (31, 32), and self-esteem regulation and emotion regulation mutually affect each other in numerous ways (33).”

    From Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Progress in Understanding and Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [32]

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Authors
Ritter, K., Vater, A., Rüsch, N., Schröder-Abé, M., Schütz, A., Fydrich, T., Lammers, C.-H., & Roepke, S.
Affiliations
  • Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
  • Technische Universität Darmstadt (DE)
  • Universität Ulm (DE)
  • University of Bamberg (DE)
  • Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
  • Asklepios (DE)
Corresponding author
  • Ritter, Kathrin
  • Roepke, Stefan
ORCID
Venue
Psychiatry Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-02
Volume
215
Issue
2
Pages
429-437
ISSN
0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.019
OpenAlex
W2052818743
Cited by
81
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
5.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords
shame, narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, guilt proneness, shame proneness, self-association, anxiety, Implicit Association Test
MeSH terms
Adult, Anxiety, Association, Borderline Personality Disorder, Emotions, Female, Guilt, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Disorders, Self Concept, Shame, Young Adult, Self Report

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