Moderation of the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and trait impulsivity in younger men by the phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio
Open accessAbstract
Previously, we reported that Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-seropositivity is associated with higher impulsive sensation seeking in younger men. As dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling regulate impulsivity, and as T. gondii directly and indirectly affects dopaminergic signaling and induces activation of the kynurenine pathway leading to the diversion of tryptophan from serotonin production, we investigated if dopamine and serotonin precursors or the tryptophan metabolite kynurenine interact with the T. gondii-impulsivity association. In 950 psychiatrically healthy participants, trait impulsivity scores were related to T. gondii IgG seropositivity. Interactions were also identified between categorized levels of phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), Phe:Tyr ratio, kynurenine (Kyn), tryptophan (Trp) and Kyn:Trp ratio, and age and gender. Only younger T. gondii-positive men with a high Phe:Tyr ratio, were found to have significantly higher impulsivity scores. There were no significant associations in other demographic groups, including women and older men. No significant effects or interactions were identified for Phe, Tyr, Kyn, Trp, or Kyn:Trp ratio. Phe:Tyr ratio, therefore, may play a moderating role in the association between T. gondii seropositivity and impulsivity in younger men. These results could potentially lead to individualized approaches to reduce impulsivity, based on combined demographic, biochemical and serological factors.
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Turecki, G., Brent, D. A., Gunnell, D., O’Connor, R. C., Oquendo, M. A., Pirkis, J., & Stanley, B. H. (2019) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0121-0 · Cited by 1,074 · see citing works
- Authors
- Peng, X., Brenner, L. A., Mathai, A. J., Cook, T. B., Fuchs, D., Postolache, N., Groer, M. W., Pandey, J. P., Mohyuddin, F., Giegling, I., Wadhawan, A., Hartmann, A. M., Konte, B., Brundin, L., Friedl, M., Stiller, J. W., Lowry, C. A., Rujescu, D., & Postolache, T. T.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Mercyhurst University (US)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- St. Elizabeths Hospital (US)
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
- Van Andel Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Postolache, Teodor T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 270
- Pages
- 992-1000
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6371810
- OpenAlex
- W2793515961
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 163
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- CSR&D/ Veterans Affairs Administration (1 I01 CX001310-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- Toxoplasma gondii, trait impulsivity, phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio, kynurenine pathway, tryptophan metabolism, dopamine, serotonin, age and gender differences, moderating effect
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Antibodies, Protozoan, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Dopamine, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Germany, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Impulsive Behavior, Kynurenine, Male, Middle Aged, Phenylalanine, Serologic Tests, Sex Factors, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Healthy Volunteers
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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