Impact Of Sars-Cov-2 And Its Reverberation In Global Higher Education And Mental Health
Open accessAbstract
Background According to UNESCO's monitoring, more than 160 countries implemented nationwide closures, which impacted over 87% of the world's student population. Several other countries implemented localized school closures; should these closures become nationwide, millions of additional learners will experience education disruption. Universities from around the world have been uncertain about how long the coronavirus crisis will last and how it might affect the mental health of students and faculty. The psychological impact has been a critical disruptor, creating anxiety and uncertainty.Method The data were cross-checked with information from the main international newspapers.Results By discussing online and distance education, the coronavirus opens an important and urgent issue that affects mental health - these are virtually unexplored topics, and their results have not been validated yet. Online education is not limited to distance education, as it regards a grouping of learning/teaching procedures completed in cyberspace. Blended learning was, thus, introduced as a tool in personalized learning to adjust to new realities. These are unprecedented circumstances, and we understand they create stress, favoring anguish and a fierce search for new knowledge acquisition.Conclusions Current research highlights that anxiety and depression, exacerbated by uncertainties and intensification of the information flow, will grow extensively. Negative physiological consequences of stress will manifest. For instance, loneliness, which will increase under these circumstances, seems to have a negative impact on education and, therefore, on psychological pain and suffering.
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Strict confinement and the threat of rising infections led to great psychological suffering and significant adverse mental health consequences, especially in vulnerable groups such as university students.
“This strict confinement, together with the threat derived from the rising number of infections, led to great psychological suffering and significant adverse consequences for mental health (Brooks et al., 2020; González-Sanguino et al., 2020), especially in vulnerable groups such as university students (Araújo et al., 2020; Kaparounaki et al., 2020; Odriozola-González et al., 2020).”
From Feasibility of a Brief Online Mindfulness and Compassion-Based Intervention to Promote Mental Health Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as Araújo et al., 2020
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“According to UNESCO, more than 160 countries implemented nationwide closures, affecting over 87% of students worldwide [1].”
BackgroundEffects of Shared Gaze on Audio- Versus Text-Based Remote Collaborations
Kütt, G. H., Tanprasert, T., Rodolitz, J., Moyza, B., So, S., Kenderova, G., & Papoutsaki, A. (2020) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3415207 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“By April 2020, 34.1% of US employees who used to commute started working from home [6] and virtually all academic institutions replaced in-person teaching by online sessions [3].”
BackgroundInfluentialProspective Memory and Positivity Bias in the COVID-19 Health Crisis: The Effects of Aging
Aizpurua, A., Seco, M. M., & Ruiz, A. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666977 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Charbonnier, É., Vigouroux, S. L., & Goncalves, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189699 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“, switch to online learning, online examinations, regular and substantial changes to their schedule) that challenge their coping strategies [23,25].”
BackgroundNegative Information Measurement at AI Edge: A New Perspective for Mental Health Monitoring
Chen, M., Shen, K., Wang, R., Miao, Y., Jiang, Y., Hwang, K., Hao, Y., Tao, G., Hu, L., & Liu, Z. (2022) · ACM Transactions on Internet Technology · doi:10.1145/3471902 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Simultaneously, some researchers have shown that the outbreak and prevalence of COVID-19 have caused a large number of people’s emotional distress and mental problems, among which the common feature is the occurrence of depression and anxiety, and even the increase in the prevalence rate [1, 2].”
BackgroundPeng, X., Liu, L., Liang, S., Chen, J., & Zhao, J. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03487-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Colleges had to consider taking large-scale preventive measures to keep students and professors healthy and safe, as well as create contingency plans for when infections materialize on campus (Araújo et al., 2020).”
The Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health in Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study in Italy
Carletto, S., Moro, G. L., Lavista, V. Z., Soro, G., Siliquini, R., Bert, F., & Leombruni, P. (2022) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221127632 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“…such as grief due to the loss of loved ones, fear about COVID-19 infection for themselves and their family, fi nancial insecurity and uncertainty about their futures (Ara´ujo et al., 2020; Cao et al., 2020; Lyons et al., 2020; Mertens et al., 2020; Mortazavi et al., 2020; O ’ Byrne et al., 2021).”
Baumann, C., Rousseau, H., Tarquinio, C., Batt, M., Tarquinio, P., Lebreuilly, R., Sorsana, C., Legrand, K., Guillemin, F., & Bourion-Bédès, S. (2021) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-021-01903-9 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“With years of budget cuts and the inability to meet basic student needs, these same students are even more vulnerable in such a crisis, and current evidence shows that students from lower sociodemographic backgrounds are more affected [13, 14].”
BackgroundThe Impacts of COVID-19 on Technological and Polytechnic University Teachers
López, L. V., Garcı́a-Garcı́a, R., Rodríguez‐Reséndiz, J., Paredes-García, W. J., Zamora-Antuñano, M. A., Elufisan, T. O., Reséndiz, H. R., Sánchez, A. R. Á., & Pérez, M. Á. C. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14084593 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Many HEIs undertook different actions and studies to determine the short- and mediumterm implications [9,12,17,38].”
BackgroundZooming to work or working to Zoom: relations between Zoom fatigue, cognitive load, and boredom
Park, M. J., Calistro, T., & Lipnevich, A. A. (2025) · Research Papers in Education · doi:10.1080/02671522.2025.2507592 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“However, this abrupt shift posed significant challenges as educational institutions struggled to create effective online learning environments that met the demands of an evolving educational landscape (Araújo et al. 2020).”
Impacts of Converting Courses to Virtual Instruction Midsemester at a Hispanic-Serving Institution
Shapiro, M., Solano, D. M., Bergkamp, J. J., Gebauer, A., Gillian, E., Lopez, K. M., Santoke, H., & Talbert, L. E. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00788 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Klímová, B., Pikhart, M., Cierniak–Emerych, A., & Dziuba, S. T. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13169082 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Teachers had to move from their traditional mode of instruction to the online mode, as well as to finding effective solutions to the issues connected to this type of teaching [2,3].”
BackgroundFronek, P., Briggs, L., Rondon-Jackson, R., Hay, K., Maidment, J., & Medina-Martinez, K. (2021) · International Social Work · doi:10.1177/00208728211048934 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cvetković, V. M., Nikolić, N., Ocal, A., Martinović, J., & Dragašević, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19020652 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hanani, A., Badrasawi, M., Zidan, S., & Hunjul, M. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03915-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Globally, these preventive actions had a great impact on students of all ages [3].”
BackgroundUniversity students' attitude to distance learning in situation of uncertainty
Abakumova, I., Zvezdina, G., Grishina, A., Zvezdina, E., & Dyakova, E. A. (2020) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202021018017 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Balay‐odao, E. M., Alquwez, N., Alsolami, F. J., Tork, H., Otaibi, K. A., & Thobaity, A. A. (2021) · Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.07.008 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“40 Thus, this required a measure to reduce student mental pain and suffering to ensure a positive learning attitude and.”
BackgroundStress development during emergency remote teaching in higher education
Obermeier, R., Gläser‐Zikuda, M., Bedenlier, S., Kammerl, R., Kopp, B., Ziegler, A., & Händel, M. (2022) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102178 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
PTSD in parents of children with severe diseases: a systematic review to face Covid-19 impact
Corsi, M., Orsini, A. A., Pedrinelli, V., Santangelo, A., Bertelloni, C. A., Carli, N., Buselli, R., Peroni, D. G., Striano, P., Dell’Osso, L., et al. (2021) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-021-00957-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
End-to-End Protocol for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Built Environments
Parker, C. W., Singh, N. K., Tighe, S. W., Blachowicz, A., Wood, J. M., Seuylemezian, A., Vaishampayan, P., Urbaniak, C., Hendrickson, R., Laaguiby, P., et al. (2020) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00771-20 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“The optimized E2E protocol for detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus on surfaces is a 5-part procedure: (1) surface sample collection, (2) viral transport medium, (3) RNA extraction, (4) RT-qPCR assay, and (5) test results.”
BackgroundMethodEvaluación educativa durante la crisis por COVID-19: una revisión sistemática urgente
Espinoza, K. G., & Gutiérrez, E. J. D. (2021) · Estudios pedagógicos · doi:10.4067/s0718-07052021000200319 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
O trabalho remoto de enfermeiros docentes em tempos de pandemia
Araújo, A. R. L., Sousa, L. M. C., Carvalho, R. B. D. S., Oliveira, A. D. D. S., Amorim, F. C. M., Sousa, K. H. J. F., Zeitoune, R. C. G., & Damasceno, C. K. C. S. (2021) · Escola Anna Nery · doi:10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2021-0198 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“…, integrando as atividades domésticas, o manuseio de TIC, as adequações do plano de ensino e as gravações das atividades são algumas adversidades sentidas pelos professores no decurso do ensino remoto, que podem desencadear síndrome do esgotamento profissional, estresse, ansiedade e depressão 22 .”
BackgroundSpencer, S. M., Burrows, C. A., Lacher, S. E., Macheledt, K. C., Berge, J. M., & Ghebre, R. G. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101576 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“At the same time our trainees were experiencing psychological distress and disrupted educational progress (Araújo et al., 2020; Yan, 2020).”
Li, X., Gao, Y., & Jia, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742129 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“…of education as the purpose and essence of education to help college students improve the healthy psychological basis and spiritual concepts including the scientific and objective ideological understanding, moral cultivation, ideal and belief (Mohr et al., 2017; de Oliveira Araújo et al., 2020).”
BackgroundGundim, V. A., da Encarnação, J. P., Fontes, S. K. R., Silva, A. A. F., dos Santos, V. T. C., & de Souza, R. C. (2022) · Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental · doi:10.19131/rpesm.322 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Teaching and Learning in a Time of Corona: A Social Work Experience
Berger, R., Mallow, A., Tabag, K., White, C., Fiore, C., Schachar, A., & Hirsch, E. (2021) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-021-00804-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Prado, A. D. S., Kohls, E., Baldofski, S., Bianchi, A., Trindade, L. I. P., Freitas, J. D. L., & Rummel‐Kluge, C. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0284190 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, as already pointed before [1, 2, 4, 8, 10], the results of this survey also show that the students are facing the burdens of the pandemic substantially and that the psychosocial and emotional impact of the pandemic may be long-lasting and extensive.”
Result
- Authors
- Araújo, F. J. D. O., de Lima, L. S. A., Cidade, P. I. M., Nobre, C. B., & Neto, M. L. R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (BR)
- Universidade Federal do Cariri (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 288
- Pages
- 112977
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7152919
- OpenAlex
- W3016086115
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 39.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Education › Education during COVID-19 pandemic
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, school closures, higher education, student mental health, online learning, distance education, blended learning, anxiety, depression, loneliness, stress, educational disruption
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Anxiety, Depression, Humans, Mental Health, Pneumonia, Viral, Students, Universities, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections, Education, Distance, Uncertainty, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Young Adult, Pandemics
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