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The COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale: development and psychometric properties.
Open accessAbstract
The central aim of our study was to widen the mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic by developing and evaluating a measure that could be used to identify the presence of anxiety syndrome features associated with COVID-19. In Study 1, a community sample of 292 participants completed the newly developed COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C-19ASS) and results were subjected to a Principal Components Analysis. An 11-item two-factor structure was identified. In Study 2, a community sample of 426 participants completed a battery of questionnaires including the C-19ASS. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed on the C-19ASS. A 9-item two-factor structure was confirmed. Results also indicated that the C-19ASS has acceptable levels of reliability and concurrent validity. The C-19ASS perseveration factor was found to explain an additional 9.3% variance in COVID-19 anxiety, and additional 2.2% variance in work and social adjustment (functional impairment), over and above all other variables. The C-19ASS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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“some recent studies have explored the role of personality traits during the first lockdown stage, suggesting that vulnerable factors (neuroticism) and protective factors (extraversion and conscientiousness) can predict mental health status [e.g., (14, 15)]”
From The Evolution of Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-Isolation During Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study Across United Kingdom and Italy (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nikčević, A. V., & Spada, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Kingston University London (GB)
- London South Bank University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Spada, Marcantonio M.
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 292
- Pages
- 113322
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7375349
- OpenAlex
- W3045317058
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 14.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Repository (Kingston University London) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Open (London South Bank University) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- anxiety assessment, scale development, psychometric properties, perseveration, functional disability, work and social adjustment, COVID-19 pandemic mental health, two-factor structure
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Syndrome, Reproducibility of Results, Coronavirus Infections, Young Adult, Pandemics
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