The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 29 of the 60 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations
Open accessAbstract
This narrative review summarizes research and advisories about how COVID-19 and lockdown affected the mental health of children and adolescents. It concludes that the pandemic created short- and long-term psychosocial and mental health impacts, especially for vulnerable groups, and calls for evidence-based action plans.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
25 Own interpretation · 15 Sources not found · 14 Partly supported · 14 No basis given · 8 Own method · 5 Couldn’t confirm · 3 Supported · 3 No full text of the sources · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Based on the questionnaires completed by the parents, findings reveal that children felt uncertain, fearful and isolated during current times.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section (page not provided) says parents completed the questionnaire and reports fear among the children's behavioral and emotional problems. It also describes children experiencing uncertainty and physical and social isolation, but does not identify those as findings from the parent-completed questionnaires. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children and adolescents (Shen et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Introduction
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Shen et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Clinical manifestations section says pediatric COVID-19 symptoms were generally milder than adults’ and that most infected children recovered within 1–2 weeks. The Psychotherapy section mentions possible fear or psychological disorders in older children, but neither section addresses whether the pandemic may have greater long-term adverse consequences for children and adolescents than for adults (searched: long-term adverse consequences and long-term psychological impacts). (LLM, conf=0.76)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Some children have expressed lower levels of affect for not being able to play outdoors, not meeting friends and not engaging in the in-person school activities (Lee, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Zhai and Du, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports that school closures disrupted routines and that some young people with existing mental health needs said their conditions worsened. It does not report children expressing lower affect specifically because they could not play outdoors, meet friends, or take part in in-person school activities. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Partly supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Comment section says quarantine might adversely affect children’s mental health and that companionship is important to their wellbeing. It does not report children expressing lower affect or link that response to being unable to play outdoors, meet friends, or attend school in person. (LLM, conf=0.78)
- Could not verifycites Zhai and Du, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses fear, discrimination, and isolation among international Chinese students and says these may lead to stress, anxiety, and fear. It does not address children’s affect or link it to being unable to play outdoors, meet friends, or attend in-person school activities; a search for those activities found no matching passage. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The home confinement of children and adolescents is associated with uncertainty and anxiety which is attributable to disruption in their education, physical activities and opportunities for socialization (Jiao et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The ‘Early Investigation’ section describes children experiencing uncertainty, isolation and prolonged absence from school during the epidemic. ‘Psychological distress in Children Exposed to Adverse Events’ says enforced isolation and school closure limit contact with classmates and physical activity, and identifies anxiety as a response to adverse events. Neither passage establishes that disruptions to education, activity and socialization specifically caused the uncertainty and anxiety claimed. (LLM, conf=0.82)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed on them can have a long term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section links school closures and social distancing to disrupted routines, isolation, and worsening symptoms in some children. It also says the long-term mental-health effects on children are not well known and calls for further study; it does not establish that restricted movement itself causes long-term harm to children's overall psychological wellbeing. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Although quarantining measures are for the benefit of the community at large, its psychological effects cannot be ignored (Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
The opening passage says quarantine slowed COVID-19 transmission, while the Comment section warns that it might have adverse psychological effects on quarantined children. The paper therefore supports the citing sentence’s point, with its discussion focused on children. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Quarantine measures benefit the community at large.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A study found that older adolescents and youth are anxious regarding cancellation of examinations, exchange programs and academic events (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports exam-related stress among a 17-year-old candidate and stress among college and university students over cancelled exchange studies and graduation ceremonies. But Lee’s article is a feature reporting a poll and students’ accounts, not a study that itself found all of these effects; the exam account concerns postponement and uncertainty rather than cancellation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Unfortunately, the nationwide closures of schools and colleges have negatively impacted over 91% of the world's student population (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports that, as of April 8, 2020, schools were suspended nationwide in 188 countries and over 90% of enrolled learners worldwide were out of education. That supports a widespread negative educational impact, but it does not establish the claim’s more specific figure of over 91%. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The majority of the studies included in the review were based on online self-reports(Bhat et al., 2020; Jiao et al., 2020; Oosterhoff et al., 2020b).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Critical appraisal of the studies included
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Bhat et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses Indian teachers’ experiences during COVID-19, while the References section lists sources on the outbreak and teacher morale. Neither reports how studies in the citing review collected data. Searches for online self-reports and the review-studies claim found no relevant passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Early Investigation of Chinese Children's Behavioral and Emotional Reactions to COVID-19,” Jiao et al. describe an online questionnaire, supporting the online-reporting part. They say parents completed it, however, and do not establish that most studies in the citing review used online self-reports. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not matchedcites Oosterhoff et al., 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The adults and older children were the respondents of the study(Lee, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Viner et al., 2020b; Wang et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Critical appraisal of the studies included
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports a YoungMinds survey of 2,111 participants up to age 25 and a poll of 757 university-entrance candidates, supporting that older children or young people were respondents. It does not establish that adults responded, and Lee’s article reports these surveys rather than conducting a study with its own respondents. (LLM, conf=0.81)
- Could not verifycites Liu et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Comment section discusses children’s mental health during quarantine and proposes support measures, but does not identify respondents in a study. Searches for respondents, participants, and adults or older children as study subjects found no passage establishing the claimed respondent groups (page not available). (LLM, conf=0.75)
- Not matchedcites Viner et al., 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
- It may state two separate claims as one. 36
- Probably not a substantial claim. 18
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“During stress, parents particularly pregnant mothers are in a psychologically vulnerable state to experience anxiety and depression which is biologically linked to the wellbeing of the foetus (Biaggi et al., 2016; Kinsella and Monk, 2009).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Biaggi et al., 2016 source
The Results section (‘Adverse events in life and perceived stress’; page not provided) says that high perceived stress during pregnancy contributes to antenatal depression and that stressful events can trigger anxiety symptoms. The Introduction (page not provided) describes possible biological pathways linking maternal stress to foetal development, including cortisol crossing the placenta. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Partly supportedcites Kinsella and Monk, 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page not available) links maternal stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy to fetal development, and the Physiological Pathways section discusses possible biological routes for that influence. The paper does not establish that stress makes pregnant women more vulnerable to anxiety or depression, and it does not address parents generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It was also shown that children experienced disturbed sleep, nightmares, poor appetite, agitation, inattention and separation related anxiety (Jiao et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section reports inattention, irritability and clinginess among children in the preliminary Shaanxi study. It lists poor sleep and nightmares, poor appetite, agitation and separation problems as conditions the questionnaire investigated, but does not report that children experienced every condition on that list. The Conclusions also advise parents to watch for sleep difficulties and nightmares. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Current studies related to COVID-19 demonstrate that school shut downs in isolation prevent about 2-4% additional deaths which is quite less if compared to usage of other measures of social distancing.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section discusses school closures and their effects on young people’s mental health, but does not estimate deaths prevented. Searches for the 2–4% figure and for a comparison with other social-distancing measures found no supporting passage in our copy; no page number was provided. (LLM, conf=0.76)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“For instance, in India, which has the largest child population in the world with 472 million children, the lockdown has significantly impacted 40 million children from poor families. These include children working on farms, fields in rural areas, children of migrants and street children (Dalton et al., 2020; Rosenthal et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses the pandemic’s effects on children generally, but does not address India or children from poor families. Searches for the 472 million and 40 million figures, and for migrant, farm-working, and street children, found no matching passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
- Could not verifycites Rosenthal et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (page unavailable) discusses COVID-19’s effects on children living in temporary accommodation in the UK. Searches for the India population figures and for farm workers, migrants’ children, and street children found no passage addressing the India-specific claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“To cater to these challenges, it is difficult for parents to handle the challenged children and adolescents on their own, as they lack professional expertise and they mostly relied on schools and therapists to help them out (Dalton et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (page not available) discusses changes to children’s routines and social infrastructure, and how adults can respond to children’s distress. Searches for special needs, parental professional expertise, schools, and therapists found no passage addressing the claimed difficulty of caring for these children without that support. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The children may develop feelings of sadness, anxiety, fear of death, fear of parents’ death and fear of being isolated in the hospital which may have a very detrimental effect on their psychological development”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites APA, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the main text (page not provided), Dalton et al. describe children’s anxiety, upset, and possible sad responses, and warn of long-term psychological effects of the pandemic. The paper does not identify fear of death, fear of a parent’s death, or fear of hospital isolation, nor does it specifically link those fears to impaired psychological development. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“By the reason of displacement, the frustration and family conflict may manifest itself in the form of violence towards children. This can make the child more vulnerable to depression, anxiety and suicide (Jiao et al., 2020; Petito et al., 2020; Solantaus et al., 2020)”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The section “Psychological distress in Children Exposed to Adverse Events” reports anxiety and depression as common manifestations of psychological stress in children. It does not link displacement or family conflict to violence toward children, or discuss suicide; searches for those terms found no supporting passage. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Petito et al., 2020 source
- Not matchedcites Solantaus et al., 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“With the closure of special schools and day care centres these children lack access to resource material, peer group interactions and opportunities of learning and developing important social and behavioural skills in due time may lead to regression to the past behavior as they lose anchor in life, as a result of this their symptoms could relapse (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It is found that separation from the primary caregivers can make a child more vulnerable and can pose a threat to a child's mental health (Cooper, 2020; Jiao et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cooper, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section lists “separation problems” among the psychological conditions investigated, and the resilience section says family support can help children recover from distress. Neither section says that separation from primary caregivers makes children more vulnerable or threatens their mental health; that specific link is not established in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
The Comment (page not provided) says that separation from caregivers can put children in a state of crisis and might increase their risk of psychiatric disorders. It also says children separated from caregivers might be more susceptible to mental health problems. These passages support the citing sentence's qualified claim. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“It has been reported that panic buying in times of distress indicate an instinctual survival behaviour (Arafat et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Arafat et al., 2020 source
In the main text, the paper links crisis behaviour to primitive instincts and behaviours necessary for survival. Its summary names the basic primitive response of humans among the proposed factors behind panic buying. The citing sentence is a fair paraphrase of that proposed explanation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Although prior to the pandemic, these children had been facing difficulties even while attending special schools, but in due course they had learnt to develop a schedule to adhere to for most of the time of the day”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites APA, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Cortese et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper’s main text discusses difficulties for students with ADHD during the COVID-19 crisis and mentions disruption of daily routines. It does not address whether children had difficulty attending special schools before the pandemic or had learned to follow a daily schedule. Searches for special schools and pre-pandemic schedules found no passage supporting those points. (LLM, conf=0.74)
- Not matchedcites UNICEF, 2020a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Children have emotionally pent up feelings of distress which may turn inwards into emotional fear or outwards towards acting out behavior (Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
In the passage headed “We declare no competing interests” (page not given), the copy says children’s anxiety can appear as acting out rather than tearful or worried responses. A nearby passage says children may avoid sharing concerns and cope with difficult feelings alone. Together, these support the paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They have intolerance for uncertainty and there is an aggravation in the symptoms due to the enforced restrictions and unfriendly environment which does not correspond with their regular routine.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the incidents of infection in the minors have been reported worldwide, which result in children being quarantined.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A study pointed out that in underprivileged families, in comparison to boys, girls have decreased access to gadgets, this may diminish their involvement in digital platforms of education (McQuillan and Neill, 2009).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McQuillan and Neill, 2009 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to cover up the loss of education during lockdown, many schools have offered distance learning or online courses to students.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The children with autism find it very difficult to adapt to the changing environment. They become agitated and exasperated when anything is rearranged or shifted from its existing setup. They might show an increase in their behavioral problems and acts of self-harm.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the time of lockdown an increasing number of poor families have no source of daily wages which lead to frustration and feelings of helplessness.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is also found that among youth social distancing is viewed primarily as a social responsibility and it is followed more sincerely if motivated by prosocial reasons to prevent others from getting sick (Oosterhoff et al., 2020a).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Oosterhoff et al., 2020a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These conditions also trigger outburst of temper tantrums, and conflict between parents and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, they face difficulties in following instructions, understanding the complexity of the pandemic situation and doing their own work independently.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In developing countries, with the imposed lockdown, the underprivileged children face acute deprivation of nutrition and overall protection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These children have become more clingy, attention seeking and more dependent on their parents due to the long term shift in their routine.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies show that young children show more clinginess, disturbed sleep, nightmares, poor appetite, inattentiveness, and significant separation problems.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The nature and extent of impact on this age group depend on many vulnerability factors such as the developmental age, current educational status, having special needs, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically under privileged and child/ parent being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Abstract > Background
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from the reviewed studies can be generalized to children and adolescents across different countries and settings.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As during the formative years of life, the role of parents is very crucial, any disruption in the form of isolation from parents can have long term effects of perceived attachment of the child.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children with OCD are suspected to be one of the most affected ones by this pandemic. Due to obsessions and compulsions related to contamination, hoarding, and somatic preoccupation, they are expected to experience heightened distress.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An increasing number of poor and street children now have no source of income, making them a high risk population to face abuse and mental health issues with greater vulnerability and exposure to unfavorable economic, social and environmental circumstances (Birla, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Birla, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“There are about 1 in every 6 children within the age group of 2-8 years who have some or the other neurodevelopmental, behavioural or emotional difficulty (CDC, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“COVID-19 infection is expressed differently in children and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Further, due to prolonged confinement at home children's increased use of internet and social media predisposes them to use internet compulsively, access objectionable content and also increases their vulnerability for getting bullied or abused (Cooper, 2020; UNICEF, 2020b).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cooper, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites UNICEF, 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this opportunity is not available to underprivileged children as a result of which they face a lack of stimulation and have no access to online resource material to study.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pandemic and lockdown world has experienced global economic turn-down which has directly worsened the pre-existing social inequality.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Absence of structured setting of the school for a long duration result in disruption in routine, boredom and lack of innovative ideas for engaging in various academic and extracurricular activities.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) among the children and adolescents is estimated to be of 0.25%–4% among children and adolescents (CDC, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to strict selection criteria and the short period of data collection and the only use of electronic databases for our research, there is a possibility of missing studies relevant to the care of children and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Economically underprivileged children are particularly prone to exploitation and abuse.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The children prone to risk for trauma and heightened anxiety.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Advisories of international organizations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Being a narrative review, we did not attempt computation of effect sizes or do a risk of bias assessment for included papers.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence a pediatrician's role is paramount in promoting mental health, developing resilience, recognizing mental health problems, and coordinate with the mental health care providers when it comes to mental health care of children.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Role of pediatricians
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strategies reported in the studies were isolated to geopolitical conditions.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present times when most schools and colleges are organizing online academic activities, teachers are in regular touch with students, and therefore are in a position to play a critical role in the promotion of psychological well being among youngsters.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Role of school teachers/school counselors
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The searches were done by five independent reviewers.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three independent authors participated in study selection and all authors reached a consensus on the studies to be included.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In our review, we were unable to track the measures of management targeted towards the children.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children and adolescents with mental health conditions are not used to variation in the environment. Hence there could be an exacerbation in symptoms and behavioral problems.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The articles and advisories collected for this review are sufficient to support its conclusions about children and adolescents during COVID-19.
“We conducted a review and collected articles and advisories on mental health aspects of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from the reviewed studies can be generalized to children and adolescents across different countries and settings.
“The following sections discuss about findings of studies on mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns being implemented at national or regional levels to prevent further spread of infection.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The pandemic and lockdown measures, rather than other concurrent factors, are a major cause of the mental health impacts described.
“COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Digital and online mental health support can effectively reach and benefit children and adolescents during the pandemic.
“For this innovative child and adolescent mental health policies policies with direct and digital collaborative networks of psychiatrists, psychologists, paediatricians, and community volunteers are deemed necessary.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Quarantine measures benefit the community at large.
“Although quarantining measures are for the benefit of the community at large, its psychological effects cannot be ignored (Liu et al., 2020).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Younger children require more parental attention than adolescents and need physical presence and indoor play with parents.
“Compared to adolescents, younger children demand more attention of their parents They need their parents’ physical presence and need to engage in more indoor play related activities with them.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Internet surfing related to COVID-19 causes anxiety.
“Excessive internet use e.g. internet surfing related to COVID-19 should be avoided as it results in anxiety.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Adolescents are enthusiastic and prone to risk-taking, so some may feel invincible and disregard distancing and hygiene rules.
“Adolescence is a phase of enthusiasm and risk-taking, hence some may feel invincible and try not to follow guidelines related to distancing and personal hygiene.”
The paper relies on this without support.
For children, parents serve as the strongest role models, and home is the primary setting for acquiring life skills.
“Parents are the best ‘role model’ for children and home is practically the best place to learn the ‘life skills’.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is a shortage of mental health care workers in most developing countries.
“Since there is a dearth of mental health care workers in most developing countries.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Traditional pre-COVID-19 models and policies for child and adolescent mental health are no longer applicable during the COVID-19 era.
“It has been recognized by the world that the traditional pre-COVID-19 models and policies for children and adolescents' mental health are no longer applicable during COVID 19 era.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In general, most of the included studies comprised online group sessions where direct personal interaction was enabled to provide group experiences and social learning that were hindered by contact restrictions [1, 2].”
From Interventions to build resilience and to ameliorate negative psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Greater academic pressure, decreased social interaction and physical activity caused by lockdown, and the perceived uncertainties of the COVID-19 have all increased the possibility of anxiety and depression among undergraduate nursing students (48, 49).”
From Mindfulness-based online intervention on mental health among undergraduate nursing students during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Beijing, China: A randomized controlled trial (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The psychosocial health of children and adolescents has been particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.”
In the citing paper
“During the Covid-19 pandemic, especially during the lockdown, social distancing measures and the associated disruption of everyday activities and social contacts threatened the mental health of adolescents (6, 68).”
From Digital Media Use and Adolescents' Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“Only articles in English language peer reviewed journals were included.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“We included case studies and review articles and Advisories by the WHO (World Health Organization), APA (American Psychiatric Association) and NHS (National Health Services) and Government of India Ministry of Health.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Declaration of Competing Interest
“All the authors confirm that, all of them has contributed in the conception of design; analysis, interpretation of data; drafting the article; critically revisiting the article for important intellectual inputs; and approval of the final version.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > CRediT authorship contribution statement
“Sheeba Parveen: Visualization, Investigation.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
“the only use of electronic databases for our research”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“A manual search was also conducted of the references of the related articles to gather information about the relevant studies.”
Citations
Cites
Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 · Cited by 5,715
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens
Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Lu, R., Han, K., Wu, G., & Tan, W. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3786 · Cited by 5,116
Sahu, P. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.7541 · Cited by 2,353 · cited 1×
“Moreover, they suggest to the policy makers that other less disrupting social distancing strategies should be followed by schools if social distancing is recommended for a long duration (Lee, 2020; Sahu, 2020; Viner et al., 2020a).”
Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., Mytton, O., Bonell, C., & Booy, R. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30095-x · Cited by 2,213
Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19
Lee, J. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30109-7 · Cited by 1,882 · cited 8×
“Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed on them can have a long term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing (Lee, 2020).”
InfluentialIdentifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: a systematic review
Biaggi, A., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S., & Pariante, C. M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.014 · Cited by 1,657 · cited 1×
“During stress, parents particularly pregnant mothers are in a psychologically vulnerable state to experience anxiety and depression which is biologically linked to the wellbeing of the foetus (Biaggi et al., 2016; Kinsella and Monk, 2009).”
BackgroundBehavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic
Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013 · Cited by 1,468
Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19
Liu, J. J., Bao, Y., Huang, X., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30096-1 · Cited by 868
China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Shen, K., National Center for Children’s Health, B., Group of Respirology, C. P. S., Chinese Medical Doctor Association Committee on Respirology Pediatrics, China Medicine Education Association Committee on Pediatrics, Chinese Research Hospital Association Committee on Pediatrics, Chinese Non-government Medical Institutions Association Committee on Pediatrics, China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, C. O. C. H. A. M. R., China News of Drug Information Association, C. O. C. S. M., et al. (2020) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7 · Cited by 791 · cited 2×
“It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children and adolescents (Shen et al., 2020).”
Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19
Dalton, L., Rapa, E., & Stein, A. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30097-3 · Cited by 655 · cited 3×
“To cater to these challenges, it is difficult for parents to handle the challenged children and adolescents on their own, as they lack professional expertise and they mostly relied on schools and therapists to help them out (Dalton et al., 2020).”
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Birla, 2019, Mental health may hurt India to tune of $1.03 trillion; here's a dose for cos, Econ. TImes, India Times
- 2019, Data and statistics on children's mental health | CDC, Centers Dis. Control Prevent.
- Mukherjee, Bailay, 2020, Impact of coronavirus on consumer products: Consumer goods fly off the shelves as coronavirus spreads in India—the economic times [News release], Econ. Times.
- Oosterhoff, 2020, Adolescents’ motivations to engage in social distancing during the covid-19 pandemic: associations with mental and social health, J. Adolesc. Health. PMC, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.05.004 · DOI · Paper page
- 2020, Govt helpline receives 92,000 calls on abuse and violence in 11 days read more at: economic times, India Times
- 2019, Global population of children 2100, Statista.
- 2020, Policy brief: the impact of COVID-19 on children, United Nations, 1
- Viner, 2020, School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review, Lancet Child Adolesc. Health, 4, 397, 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 1,770
Gagné, T., Schoon, I., McMunn, A., & Sacker, A. (2021) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-021-02194-7 · Cited by 53
Li, B., Ng, K., Tong, X., Zhou, X., Ye, J., & Yu, J. J. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00629-4 · Cited by 60
“This MH deterioration among children and youth may have resulted from alienation due to physical isolation, exposure to negative news, fear that they or their loved ones would be infected by the virus, and even fear of death [30, 124].”
BackgroundAladayleh, K. J., Qudah, S. M. A. A., Bargues, J. L. F., & Gisbert, P. F. (2023) · Engineering Management in Production and Services · doi:10.2478/emj-2023-0002 · Cited by 47
Perceived neighborhood cohesion buffers COVID-19 impacts on mental health in a United States sample
Robinette, J. W., Bostean, G., Glynn, L. M., Douglas, J. A., Jenkins, B. N., Gruenewald, T. L., & Frederick, D. A. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114269 · Cited by 48
Shukla, M., Pandey, R., Singh, T., Riddleston, L., Hutchinson, T., Kumari, V., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.645183 · Cited by 47
“A recent correspondence article by Patra and Patro (19) speculated that school closures in particular may have been especially damaging for young people and highlighted the urgent need to address mental health issues in Indian adolescents.”
BackgroundRichard, V., Dumont, R., Lorthe, E., Loizeau, A., Baysson, H., Zaballa, M.-E., Pennacchio, F., Barbe, R., Posfay-Barbe, K. M., Guessous, I., et al. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00563-5 · Cited by 51
“It could include accessible and anonymous psychological counselling, the promotion of open communication and the practice of common activities within families, as well as the fostering of a healthy routine including physical activity [30, 44].”
BackgroundSahni, S., Verma, S. R., & Kaurav, R. P. S. (2024) · Benchmarking An International Journal · doi:10.1108/bij-04-2022-0245 · Cited by 80
Jian, Y., Hu, T., Zong, Y., & Tang, W. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02515-8 · Cited by 51
A Case Study Investigating Mental Wellbeing of University Academics during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Dinu, L. M., Dommett, E. J., Baykoca, J., Mehta, K. J., Everett, S., Foster, J., & Byrom, N. (2021) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci11110702 · Cited by 47
Dai, Z., Jing, S., Wang, H., Xiao, W., Huang, Y., Chen, X., Fu, J., Pan, C., Tang, Q., Wang, H., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.949477 · Cited by 44
Szpunar, M., Vanderloo, L. M., Bruijns, B. A., Truelove, S., Burke, S. M., Gilliland, J., Irwin, J. D., & Tucker, P. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12344-w · Cited by 50
“This is in line with other research published regarding the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on many children [29, 39].”
ResultCantiani, C., Dondena, C., Capelli, E., Riboldi, E. M., Molteni, M., & Riva, V. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11040477 · Cited by 53
“Clearly, communicating with children about COVID-19 should be a priority, yet quantity and quality of information should take into account the child’s age and level of understanding [58,59].”
BackgroundCarrillo‐Diaz, M., Martínez, A. R. O., Romero‐Maroto, M., & González‐Olmo, M. J. (2021) · International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry · doi:10.1111/ipd.12843 · Cited by 45
COVID-19 news consumption and distress in young people: A systematic review
Strasser, M. A., Sumner, P. J., & Meyer, D. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.007 · Cited by 55
Suarez-Lopez, J. R., Cairns, M. R., Sripada, K., Quirós-Alcalá, L., Mielke, H. W., Eskenazi, B., Etzel, R. A., & Kordas, K. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111160 · Cited by 43
Morgado, T. M. M., Loureiro, L. M. D. J., Botelho, M. A. ́., Marques, M. I., Riera, J. R. M., & Melo, P. M. D. A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18158022 · Cited by 61
“In adolescents, several articles report the effects of the pandemic on their mental health [1–6], with approximately 38% of children and adolescents experiencing anxiety in the studies found in the systematic review carried out by Octavius et al. (2020) [5].”
Autolesiones y conducta suicida en niños y adolescentes. Lo que la pandemia nos ha desvelado
López, P. V., Pedreira, P. A., Martínez-Sánchez, L., Cruz, J. M. G., de Luna, C. B., Herrero, F. N., Vázquez, A. R. S., Hernández, P. J. R., & Díez‐Suárez, A. (2023) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2022.11.006 · Cited by 53
Addressing the Clinical Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Mental Health
Bartek, N., Peck, J. L., Garzon, D. L., & VanCleve, S. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.03.006 · Cited by 44
“The economic stress of COVID-19 also increases stress on those who are at higher risk for developing mental illness (Guessoum et al., 2020; Shah et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020).”
InfluentialLei, Y., Murad, M., Mirza, F., Chaudhry, N. I., & Saeed, M. (2022) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103552 · Cited by 62
Ferrari, M., Sabetti, J., McIlwaine, S. V., Fazeli, S., Sadati, S. M. H., Shah, J. L., Archie, S., Boydell, K., Lal, S., Henderson, J. L., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.814248 · Cited by 56
Keeping the Faith: Religion, Positive Coping, and Mental Health of Caregivers During COVID-19
Sen, H. E., Colucci, L., & Browne, D. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.805019 · Cited by 53
Digital divide and access to online education: new evidence from Tamil Nadu, India
Jafar, K., Ananthpur, K., & Venkatachalam, L. (2023) · Journal of Social and Economic Development · doi:10.1007/s40847-023-00236-1 · Cited by 65
“Continued exposure to digital gadgets harms children’s physical and mental health, personal and social life by increasing stress, anxiety, uncertainty, and other behavioural issues (Dhawan 2020; Singh et al. 2020).”
BackgroundPrevalence of depression in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: An umbrella review of meta-analyses
Mazza, M. G., Palladini, M., Villa, G., Agnoletto, E., Harrington, Y. A., Vai, B., & Benedetti, F. (2022) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.12.002 · Cited by 46
“In addition to the immunological mechanisms, social isolation, quarantine, uncertainty of the future, massive media exposure, and survivor's guilt experienced by patients during the COVID-19 pandemic are all significant psychological stressors that may define psychopathological outcome [40,41].”
BackgroundBallad, C. A. C., Labrague, L. J., Cayaban, A. R., Turingan, O. M., & Balushi, S. M. A. (2021) · Nursing Forum · doi:10.1111/nuf.12664 · Cited by 49
“The crisis propelled academic institutions to shift to other learning platforms, such as distance learning and online education, as an immediate solution.(1,3) However, reports have revealed that a sizeable portion of the academic sector has been unprepared to meet the demands of this bold, futuristic direction.”
BackgroundShang, W. (2022) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2022/7643006 · Cited by 42
“Among them, many domestic scholars especially puts forward the concept of information technology and curriculum integration of guiding the teaching design and the important role in the whole teaching, namely, each discipline has unique characteristics, blind Wang universality of general technology already outdated and…”
BackgroundDu, N., Ouyang, Y., Xiao, Y., & Li, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.743526 · Cited by 41
“, teachers can conduct academic and non-academic sessions in their classes and play a role in the promotion of mental health among the students (16).”
BackgroundInfluentialRobillard, C. L., Turner, B. J., Ames, M. E., & Craig, S. G. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114152 · Cited by 40
“…resources and elevated their risk of mental health difficulties, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and deliberate self-harm (DSH; Ammerman et al., 2021; Carosella et al., 2021; Craig et al., 2021; Cost et al., 2021; Hamza et al., 2020; Li et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSifat, R. I., Mehzabin, M., Shuvo, M. K. R., Chowdhury, M., & Suha, S. M. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09223 · Cited by 40
Education for non-citizen children in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Loganathan, T., Chan, Z. X., Hassan, F., Kunpeuk, W., Suphanchaimat, R., Yi, H., & Majid, H. A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259546 · Cited by 38
“School closures disrupt essential school meals, social interaction and support from peers and teachers essential to a child’s physical and mental wellbeing, while exposing children to potentially unhealthy home environments [33, 34].”
Serra, G., Scalzo, L. L., Giuffrè, M., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-490671/v1 · Cited by 39
SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Neuropathogenesis, Deterioration of Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Dementia
Radhakrishnan, R. K., & Kandasamy, M. (2022) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/15333175221078418 · Cited by 35
“Notably, elderly people, breadwinners of the family, students and children also experience a significant level of mental health issues due to lockdown, unmanageable socioeconomic status, online mode of education, reduced physical activities, social withdrawal, loneliness and overall uncertainty.(10,33) Many cross-sect…”
BackgroundDepression-anxiety and coping strategies of adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic
Türk, F., Kul, A., & Kılınç, E. (2021) · Turkish Journal of Education · doi:10.19128/turje.814621 · Cited by 41
“It is indicated that limiting social media use, access to reliable sources of information are important for reducing depression and anxiety during the pandemic (Ercan et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020; The Wellness Society, 2020).”
BackgroundThe Increase in Childhood Obesity and Its Association with Hypertension during Pandemics
Vasile, C. M., Padovani, P., Dumitrache‐Rujinski, S., Nicolosu, D., Toma, C., Turcu, A. A., & Cioboată, R. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12185909 · Cited by 43
“Recognizing and addressing the psychological impact of pandemics on children is essential in providing appropriate support, promoting healthy coping mechanisms, and mitigating the risk of childhood obesity [27–31]. childhood obesity [27–31].”
BackgroundSingaram, V. S., Naidoo, K., & Singh, S. (2022) · Advances in Medical Education and Practice · doi:10.2147/amep.s339840 · Cited by 39
“Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has created an uncertain and stressful environment for both faculty and students.(1) This has inevitably affected teaching and learning.”
Self-citationVacaru, S. V., Beijers, R., & de Weerth, C. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264962 · Cited by 40
“Adolescents with such behavioral symptoms may be additionally challenged during a lockdown because of a drastic disruption to their (social) environments, fewer possibilities to engage in support activities, or limited access to mental healthcare due to a high demand on an overwhelmed system in early 2020 [12].”
BackgroundSingh, S., Pandey, N. M., Datta, M., & Batra, S. (2021) · Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100885 · Cited by 54
Self-citationCastro, S., & Mahmud, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.666574 · Cited by 38
“Regarding the psychological effects of the pandemic on children, a review by (Singh et al., 2020) concluded that the quality and magnitude of the impact is determined by vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being c…”
BackgroundAcinikli, K. Y., Erbaş, İ. M., Besci, Ö., Demir, K., Abacı, A., & Böber, E. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2022.2022-12-11 · Cited by 39
“305 COVID-19 lockdown has created chronic and prolonged stress, due to fear of infection and prolonged home quarantine (17).”
Backgroundvan Loon, A. W. G., Creemers, H. E., Vogelaar, S., Saab, N., Miers, A. C., Westenberg, P. M., & Asscher, J. J. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-20344-y · Cited by 39
Cortés‐García, L., Ortiz, J. H., Asim, N., Sales, M., Villareal, R. I., Penner, F., & Sharp, C. (2021) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-021-09653-x · Cited by 41
Lopez-Herguedas, N., Irazola, M., Alvarez-Mora, I., Orive, G., Lertxundi, U., Olivares, M., Zuloaga, O., & Prieto, A. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162281 · Cited by 38
“On the other hand, post-traumatic stress, depression, insomnia, fear and/or frustration, among others suffered by citizens during the lockdown (Brooks et al., 2020) (Singh et al., 2020) could led to the consumption of illicit drugs.”
BackgroundEdwards, D. J., Carrier, J., Csontos, J. K., Evans, N., Elliott, M. B., Gillen, E., Hannigan, B., Lane, R., & Williams, L. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12639 · Cited by 45
Ghafari, R., Mirghafourvand, M., Rouhi, M., & Tabrizi, S. O. (2021) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00589-4 · Cited by 47
Windarwati, H. D., Lestari, R., Supianto, A. A., Wicaksono, S. A., Ati, N. A. L., Kusumawati, M. W., Humayya, A., & Ekawati, D. (2022) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.12370 · Cited by 40
“Although several previous studies have tried to explain the extent to which mental health problems in adolescents occur during the COVID‐19 pandemic (L. Ma et al., 2021; Octavius et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
James, M., Marchant, E., Defeyter, M. A., Woodside, J. V., & Brophy, S. T. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051574 · Cited by 36
Prepandemic Risk Factors of COVID‐19‐Related Concerns in Adolescents During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
van Loon, A. W. G., Creemers, H. E., Vogelaar, S., Miers, A. C., Saab, N., Westenberg, P. M., & Asscher, J. J. (2021) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12651 · Cited by 41
“Most previous studies about the COVID-19 pandemic are based on cross-sectional study designs, lacking information about psychological functioning before the pandemic (Singh et al., 2020; Wade et al., 2020).”
BackgroundLi-min, Z., Cao, H., Lin, C., & Ye, P. (2022) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2022.01.007 · Cited by 37
Skolmowska, D., Głąbska, D., & Guzek, D. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14040828 · Cited by 37
“It is also indicated that the pandemic may continue to have long-term adverse consequences for children and adolescents when compared to adults [18].”
BackgroundAlexander, E. R., Savitz‐Romer, M., Nicola, T. P., et al. (2022) · Professional School Counseling · doi:10.1177/2156759x221105557 · Cited by 35
“Concerns for students’mental health mounted with evidence that rates of youth anxiety and depression soared during the pandemic (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMethodEmotional State of Mexican University Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Santamaría, M. D., Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Mondragón, N. I., Reyes-Sosa, H., & Santabárbara, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042155 · Cited by 36
“Boredom, difficulties in participating in sports activities and going out with friends could also have influenced the psychological state of young people [14], given that this is a time when the relationship with peers is very necessary for them.”
BackgroundThe Impact COVID-19 School Closures on Educational Inequalities
Özer, M., Eren, S. U. N. A., Aşkar, P., & Çelik, Z. (2020) · Journal of Humanity and Society (insan & toplum) · doi:10.12658/m0611 · Cited by 34
Leisure Time Use and Adolescent Mental Well-Being: Insights from the COVID-19 Czech Spring Lockdown
Cosma, A. P., Pavelka, J., & Baďura, P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182312812 · Cited by 40
“), was the increase in the amount of discretionary time [31].”
BackgroundChaudhary, V., Lucky, L., Sable, H., & Bhalla, N. (2025) · Small Structures · doi:10.1002/sstr.202400647 · Cited by 34
Stewart, S. L., Vasudeva, A. S., Dyke, J. N. V., & Poss, J. W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.730915 · Cited by 36
Korzycka, M., Bójko, M., Radiukiewicz, K., Dzielska, A., Nałęcz, H., Kleszczewska, D. W., Małkowska‐Szkutnik, A., & Fijałkowska, A. (2021) · Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.26444/aaem/133100 · Cited by 37
Westrupp, E. M., Greenwood, C. J., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., Olsson, C. A., Sciberras, E., Mikocka‐Walus, A. A., Melvin, G. A., Evans, S., Stokes, M. A., WOOD, A. G., et al. (2021) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674211065365 · Cited by 36
Watson, A. M., Haraldsdóttir, K., Biese, K. M., Schwarz, A., Hetzel, S., Reardon, C. L., Brooks, M. A., Bell, D. R., & McGuine, T. A. (2022) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2022-105812 · Cited by 38
Choi, J. (2021) · 신경정신의학 · doi:10.4306/jknpa.2021.60.1.2 · Cited by 33
Copson, R., Murphy, A. M., Cook, L. L., et al. (2022) · Developmental Child Welfare · doi:10.1177/25161032221079325 · Cited by 33
“…supportive services, including health, education and social care; restriction of social opportunities in contact with peers; the onset or aggravation of mental health dif fi culties; compulsive use of social media or online gaming; and increased exposure to violence in the home (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundKoelen, J. A., Mansueto, A. C., Finnemann, A., de Koning, L., der Heijde, C. M. V., Vonk, P., Wolters, N. E., Klein, A. M., Epskamp, S., & Wiers, R. W. H. J. (2021) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1901 · Cited by 35
“…this context, experts in the field stress the need to identify protective or resilience factors in prospective designs, in order to find actionable links to counter negative effects of the pandemic on mental health (Holmes et al., 2020; Schäfer et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020; Veer et al., 2021).”
BackgroundFernandez, L. G., Romero‐Ferreiro, V., Izquierdo-Izquierdo, M., Rodríguez, V., Álvarez-Mon, M. Á., Lahera, G., Santos, J. L., & Rodríguez–Jiménez, R. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.04.014 · Cited by 36
Bruni, O., Breda, M., Ferri, R., & Melegari, M. G. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11091139 · Cited by 32
“The general confinement from the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent school closure, interruption of contacts with family members and friends, as well as reduced social and leisure activities, has brought unparalleled modifications to the lifestyle of children and adolescents, with important repercussions on their me…”
BackgroundBurgess, R. A., Kanu, N., Matthews, T., Mukotekwa, O., Smith-Gul, A., Yusuf, I., Lamptey, I., McCauley, N., Wilson, R., Pirisola, M., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266504 · Cited by 40
“’s [8] narrative review of studies exploring the mental health implications of COVID-19 and lockdowns on young people and adolescents suggested a series of factors leading to this vulnerability.”
BackgroundOpen schools! Weighing the effects of viruses and lockdowns on children
Spitzer, M. (2021) · Trends in Neuroscience and Education · doi:10.1016/j.tine.2021.100151 · Cited by 39
“[58]), anxiety, fatigue and decreased sleep [88,89,100].”
COVID-19 and adolescent mental health in India
Patra, S., & Patro, B. K. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30461-2 · Cited by 33
Ansiedade em adolescentes no contexto da pandemia por COVID-19
Rego, K. D. O., & Maia, J. L. F. (2021) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15930 · Cited by 37
Köhler‐Dauner, F., Clemens, V., Lange, S., Ziegenhain, U., & Fegert, J. M. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-021-00385-3 · Cited by 32
“Older children (6–18 years) show behaviors such as increased inattention, anxiety and a persistent interest in the current situation regarding the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic [11].”
BackgroundFood Habits and Lifestyle of Romanians in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Năstăsescu, V., Mititelu, M., Stanciu, T. I., Drăgănescu, D., Grigore, N. D., Udeanu, D. I., Stanciu, G., Neacșu, S. M., Dinu‐Pîrvu, C. E., Oprea, E., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14030504 · Cited by 33
Who complies with coronavirus disease 2019 precautions and who does not?
Urbán, R., Király, O., & Demetrovics, Z. (2021) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000723 · Cited by 35
Vacchiano, M. (2022) · Sociological Research Online · doi:10.1177/13607804221084723 · Cited by 40
Cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic
Utemissova, G. U., Summers, D., & Nikolaevna, V. N. (2021) · Global Journal of Guidance and Counseling in Schools Current Perspectives · doi:10.18844/gjgc.v11i2.5471 · Cited by 32
Griffiths, D., Sheehan, L. R., Petrie, D., van Vreden, C., Whiteford, P., & Collie, A. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266650 · Cited by 33
“It has been recognised that the experiences of lockdown by these groups will differ due to impacts of school closures resulting in debilitating effects on children’s development, education and behavioural problems [30], and disproportionate consequences for older adults whose primary social contact is outside the home…”
BackgroundEsposito, S., Marchetti, F., Lanari, M., Caramelli, F., Fanti, A. D., Vergine, G., Iughetti, L., Fornaro, M., Suppiej, A., Zona, S., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18083919 · Cited by 34
“…the various interventions of social isolation implemented as preventive measures to contain the epidemic [14], the closure of educational services and schools is the most discussed and considered less relevant one [15], in the face of an important social, behavioral and psychological fallout [16].”
BackgroundLachman, P. I. (2020) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-020-01253-0 · Cited by 32
Impact of School Closures due to COVID-19 on Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Japan
Kawaoka, N., Ohashi, K., Fukuhara, S., Miyachi, T., Asai, T. T., Imaeda, M., & Saitoh, S. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05119-0 · Cited by 32
Li, K., Ren, L., Zhang, L., Liu, C., Zhao, M., Zhan, X., Li, L., Luo, X., & Feng, Z. (2022) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640221141784 · Cited by 33
“Children and adolescents are more susceptible to depression and anxiety due to social isolation and fear of the SARS-Cov-2 infection during the COVID19 pandemic (Loades et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundKerschbaumer, L., Crossett, L., Holaus, M., & Costa, U. M. (2023) · Health Policy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100803 · Cited by 32
Children’s Psychological Reactions to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Pfefferbaum, B. J. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-021-01289-x · Cited by 33
Learning Through a Pandemic: Youth Experiences With Remote Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Nandlall, N., Hawke, L. D., Hayes, E., Darnay, K., Daley, M., Relihan, J., & Henderson, J. L. (2022) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440221124122 · Cited by 32
“…or substance use challenges during the pandemic (Hawke et al., 2020, 2021; Liang et al., 2020; Shanahan et al., 2022; Son et al., 2020) and that the disruption to school routines and self-isolation are associated with increased mental health challenges (Jiao et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundRothe, E. M., Fortuna, L. R., Tobón, A. L., Postlethwaite, A., Sanchez-Lacay, J. A., & Anglero‐Diaz, Y. (2021) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2021.02.013 · Cited by 28
“These values and practices can be protective against suicide and other mental health risks, but can also be overwhelmed in times of severe distress as has been experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.(9)”
Al-Sabbah, S., Darwish, A., Fares, N., Barnes, J., & Almomani, J. A. (2021) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2021.1875550 · Cited by 38
“This finding is supported by Singh et al. (2020), who stated that males that females did not differ significantly in their mental health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
ResultObjective Behavioral Measures in Children before, during, and after the COVID-19 Lockdown in Israel
Shneor, E., Doron, R., Levine, J., Zimmerman, D. R., Benoit, J. S., Ostrin, L. A., & Gordon‐Shaag, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168732 · Cited by 34
“A recent meta-analysis suggests that a normal level of Vitamin D has a positive influence on children’s mental health [50], which also may account for the mental health issues in children during the pandemic [6,48].”
BackgroundFamily Resilience, Media Exposure, and Children's Mental Health in China During COVID-19
He, Y., Li, X. S., Zhao, J., & An, Y. (2021) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807211061832 · Cited by 33
“The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the psychological well-being of the general populations around the world including children in an unforeseeable way (Duan et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialBates, J. A., Finlay, J., & Bones, U. O. (2021) · Educational Review · doi:10.1080/00131911.2021.1974821 · Cited by 41
MAPPING THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE ON COVID-19 AND MENTAL HEALTH
Gul, S., Rehman, S. U., Ashiq, M., & Khattak, A. N. (2020) · Psychiatria Danubina · doi:10.24869/psyd.2020.463 · Cited by 31
“There were a good number of review studies (Dubey et al. 2020, Rajkumar 2020, Xiong et al. 2020, Salazar et al. 2020, Singh et al. 2020, Spoorthy et al. 2020), a few meta-analysis studies (Salazar et al. 2020, Ren et al. 2020), and an exploratory data analysis of published papers (Tummers et al.…”
BackgroundThe psychological impact of Covid-19 pandemic on people with Multiple Sclerosis: A meta-analysis
Altieri, M., Capuano, R., Bisecco, A., D'Ambrosio, A., Buonanno, D., Tedeschi, G., Santangelo, G., & Gallo, A. (2022) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.103774 · Cited by 30
Ramaiya, A., Chandra‐Mouli, V., Both, R., Gottert, A., Guglielmi, S., Beckwith, S., Li, M., & Blum, R. W. (2023) · Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters · doi:10.1080/26410397.2023.2187170 · Cited by 30
Ashwin, A., Cherukuri, S. D., & Rammohan, A. (2022) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.12.03009 · Cited by 32
The Impact of Stress on Health in Childhood and Adolescence in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Cianfarani, S., & Pampanini, V. (2021) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000517460 · Cited by 31
Zima, B. T., Edgcomb, J. B., Rodean, J., Cochran, S. D., Harle, C. A., Pathak, J., Tseng, C., & Bussing, R. (2022) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202100582 · Cited by 31
Piątkowska‐Chmiel, I., Krawiec, P., Ziętara, K. J., Pawłowski, P., Samardakiewicz, M., Pac‐Kożuchowska, E., & Herbet, M. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16010054 · Cited by 42
“The role of mental healthcare workers is to promote mental health (in the form of digital bro-chures, videos, etc., available online for caregivers, teachers, and children), increase mental health awareness and, most importantly, promote the practice of mental health hygiene [38,76].”
BackgroundKumar, M., Akbarialiabad, H., Kouhanjani, M. F., Kiburi, S., Shidhaye, P., Taghrir, M. H., & Shidhaye, R. (2022) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3109 · Cited by 31
“Other countries that were represented included Argentina (1),39 Bangladesh (4),24,25,28,62 Brazil (1),22 Ethiopia (1),46 Egypt (1),21 Indonesia (1),41 India (6),34,37,63,64,67,68 Jordan (1),36 Kenya (1),20 Malaysia (1),26 Nepal (2),67,68 Nigeria (2),67,68 and Turkey (3)29 (Figures 3 and 4).”
InfluentialHen, M., Shenaar‐Golan, V., & Yatzker, U. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.865435 · Cited by 34
“The pandemic brought with it an immediate and complete collapse of all life routines, social isolation, economic uncertainty, and existential anxiety from the disease itself (2).”
BackgroundDale, R., O’Rourke, T., Humer, E. C., Jesser, A., Plener, P. L., & Pieh, C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18178933 · Cited by 29
d’Arqom, A., Sawitri, B., Nasution, M. Z., & Lazuardi, R. (2021) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s316417 · Cited by 27
Nakanishi, M., Richards, M., Stanyon, D., Yamasaki, S., Endo, K., Sakai, M., Yoshii, H., & Nishida, A. (2022) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.01.228 · Cited by 28
“However, most reports focus on a few months after the first national lockdown [8].”
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on oral health and psychosocial factors
Ciardo, A., Simon, M. M., Sonnenschein, S. K., Büsch, C. A., & Kim, T. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07907-9 · Cited by 28
Ezell, J. M., Salari, S., Rooker, C., & Chase, E. C. (2021) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1037/trm0000302 · Cited by 30
Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, S., Roy, D., Sinha, K., Parveen, S., Sharma, G., & Joshi, G.
- Affiliations
- King George's Medical University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Roy, Deblina
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 293
- Pages
- 113429
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7444649
- OpenAlex
- W3081076087
- Semantic Scholar
- c8e4a5b89bc2fbf62e5cebcff9fb6ec0e9fc80a7
- Cited by
- 1,727
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 234 · 2023: 377 · 2022: 515 · 2021: 406 · 2020: 28
- FWCI
- 26.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown, child mental health, adolescent mental health, quarantine, parental separation, economic hardship, school students, pre-existing mental health conditions, coping strategies, mental health support services
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Mental Health Services, Parents, Pneumonia, Viral, Psychiatry, Quarantine, Risk Factors, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
