The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 29 of the 60 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations
Open accessAbstract
This narrative review summarizes research and advisories about how COVID-19 and lockdown affected the mental health of children and adolescents. It concludes that the pandemic created short- and long-term psychosocial and mental health impacts, especially for vulnerable groups, and calls for evidence-based action plans.
Overview
Integrity signals
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Claims the paper makes
25 Own interpretation · 15 Sources not found · 14 Partly supported · 14 No basis given · 8 Own method · 5 Couldn’t confirm · 3 Supported · 3 No full text of the sources · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Based on the questionnaires completed by the parents, findings reveal that children felt uncertain, fearful and isolated during current times.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section (page not provided) says parents completed the questionnaire and reports fear among the children's behavioral and emotional problems. It also describes children experiencing uncertainty and physical and social isolation, but does not identify those as findings from the parent-completed questionnaires. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children and adolescents (Shen et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Introduction
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Shen et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Clinical manifestations section says pediatric COVID-19 symptoms were generally milder than adults’ and that most infected children recovered within 1–2 weeks. The Psychotherapy section mentions possible fear or psychological disorders in older children, but neither section addresses whether the pandemic may have greater long-term adverse consequences for children and adolescents than for adults (searched: long-term adverse consequences and long-term psychological impacts). (LLM, conf=0.76)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Some children have expressed lower levels of affect for not being able to play outdoors, not meeting friends and not engaging in the in-person school activities (Lee, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Zhai and Du, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports that school closures disrupted routines and that some young people with existing mental health needs said their conditions worsened. It does not report children expressing lower affect specifically because they could not play outdoors, meet friends, or take part in in-person school activities. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Partly supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Comment section says quarantine might adversely affect children’s mental health and that companionship is important to their wellbeing. It does not report children expressing lower affect or link that response to being unable to play outdoors, meet friends, or attend school in person. (LLM, conf=0.78)
- Could not verifycites Zhai and Du, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses fear, discrimination, and isolation among international Chinese students and says these may lead to stress, anxiety, and fear. It does not address children’s affect or link it to being unable to play outdoors, meet friends, or attend in-person school activities; a search for those activities found no matching passage. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The home confinement of children and adolescents is associated with uncertainty and anxiety which is attributable to disruption in their education, physical activities and opportunities for socialization (Jiao et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The ‘Early Investigation’ section describes children experiencing uncertainty, isolation and prolonged absence from school during the epidemic. ‘Psychological distress in Children Exposed to Adverse Events’ says enforced isolation and school closure limit contact with classmates and physical activity, and identifies anxiety as a response to adverse events. Neither passage establishes that disruptions to education, activity and socialization specifically caused the uncertainty and anxiety claimed. (LLM, conf=0.82)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed on them can have a long term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section links school closures and social distancing to disrupted routines, isolation, and worsening symptoms in some children. It also says the long-term mental-health effects on children are not well known and calls for further study; it does not establish that restricted movement itself causes long-term harm to children's overall psychological wellbeing. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Although quarantining measures are for the benefit of the community at large, its psychological effects cannot be ignored (Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
The opening passage says quarantine slowed COVID-19 transmission, while the Comment section warns that it might have adverse psychological effects on quarantined children. The paper therefore supports the citing sentence’s point, with its discussion focused on children. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Quarantine measures benefit the community at large.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A study found that older adolescents and youth are anxious regarding cancellation of examinations, exchange programs and academic events (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports exam-related stress among a 17-year-old candidate and stress among college and university students over cancelled exchange studies and graduation ceremonies. But Lee’s article is a feature reporting a poll and students’ accounts, not a study that itself found all of these effects; the exam account concerns postponement and uncertainty rather than cancellation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Unfortunately, the nationwide closures of schools and colleges have negatively impacted over 91% of the world's student population (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports that, as of April 8, 2020, schools were suspended nationwide in 188 countries and over 90% of enrolled learners worldwide were out of education. That supports a widespread negative educational impact, but it does not establish the claim’s more specific figure of over 91%. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The majority of the studies included in the review were based on online self-reports(Bhat et al., 2020; Jiao et al., 2020; Oosterhoff et al., 2020b).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Critical appraisal of the studies included
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Bhat et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses Indian teachers’ experiences during COVID-19, while the References section lists sources on the outbreak and teacher morale. Neither reports how studies in the citing review collected data. Searches for online self-reports and the review-studies claim found no relevant passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Early Investigation of Chinese Children's Behavioral and Emotional Reactions to COVID-19,” Jiao et al. describe an online questionnaire, supporting the online-reporting part. They say parents completed it, however, and do not establish that most studies in the citing review used online self-reports. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not matchedcites Oosterhoff et al., 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The adults and older children were the respondents of the study(Lee, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Viner et al., 2020b; Wang et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Critical appraisal of the studies included
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports a YoungMinds survey of 2,111 participants up to age 25 and a poll of 757 university-entrance candidates, supporting that older children or young people were respondents. It does not establish that adults responded, and Lee’s article reports these surveys rather than conducting a study with its own respondents. (LLM, conf=0.81)
- Could not verifycites Liu et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Comment section discusses children’s mental health during quarantine and proposes support measures, but does not identify respondents in a study. Searches for respondents, participants, and adults or older children as study subjects found no passage establishing the claimed respondent groups (page not available). (LLM, conf=0.75)
- Not matchedcites Viner et al., 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
- It may state two separate claims as one. 36
- Probably not a substantial claim. 18
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“During stress, parents particularly pregnant mothers are in a psychologically vulnerable state to experience anxiety and depression which is biologically linked to the wellbeing of the foetus (Biaggi et al., 2016; Kinsella and Monk, 2009).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Biaggi et al., 2016 source
The Results section (‘Adverse events in life and perceived stress’; page not provided) says that high perceived stress during pregnancy contributes to antenatal depression and that stressful events can trigger anxiety symptoms. The Introduction (page not provided) describes possible biological pathways linking maternal stress to foetal development, including cortisol crossing the placenta. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Partly supportedcites Kinsella and Monk, 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page not available) links maternal stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy to fetal development, and the Physiological Pathways section discusses possible biological routes for that influence. The paper does not establish that stress makes pregnant women more vulnerable to anxiety or depression, and it does not address parents generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It was also shown that children experienced disturbed sleep, nightmares, poor appetite, agitation, inattention and separation related anxiety (Jiao et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section reports inattention, irritability and clinginess among children in the preliminary Shaanxi study. It lists poor sleep and nightmares, poor appetite, agitation and separation problems as conditions the questionnaire investigated, but does not report that children experienced every condition on that list. The Conclusions also advise parents to watch for sleep difficulties and nightmares. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Current studies related to COVID-19 demonstrate that school shut downs in isolation prevent about 2-4% additional deaths which is quite less if compared to usage of other measures of social distancing.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section discusses school closures and their effects on young people’s mental health, but does not estimate deaths prevented. Searches for the 2–4% figure and for a comparison with other social-distancing measures found no supporting passage in our copy; no page number was provided. (LLM, conf=0.76)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“For instance, in India, which has the largest child population in the world with 472 million children, the lockdown has significantly impacted 40 million children from poor families. These include children working on farms, fields in rural areas, children of migrants and street children (Dalton et al., 2020; Rosenthal et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses the pandemic’s effects on children generally, but does not address India or children from poor families. Searches for the 472 million and 40 million figures, and for migrant, farm-working, and street children, found no matching passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
- Could not verifycites Rosenthal et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (page unavailable) discusses COVID-19’s effects on children living in temporary accommodation in the UK. Searches for the India population figures and for farm workers, migrants’ children, and street children found no passage addressing the India-specific claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“To cater to these challenges, it is difficult for parents to handle the challenged children and adolescents on their own, as they lack professional expertise and they mostly relied on schools and therapists to help them out (Dalton et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (page not available) discusses changes to children’s routines and social infrastructure, and how adults can respond to children’s distress. Searches for special needs, parental professional expertise, schools, and therapists found no passage addressing the claimed difficulty of caring for these children without that support. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The children may develop feelings of sadness, anxiety, fear of death, fear of parents’ death and fear of being isolated in the hospital which may have a very detrimental effect on their psychological development”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites APA, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the main text (page not provided), Dalton et al. describe children’s anxiety, upset, and possible sad responses, and warn of long-term psychological effects of the pandemic. The paper does not identify fear of death, fear of a parent’s death, or fear of hospital isolation, nor does it specifically link those fears to impaired psychological development. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“By the reason of displacement, the frustration and family conflict may manifest itself in the form of violence towards children. This can make the child more vulnerable to depression, anxiety and suicide (Jiao et al., 2020; Petito et al., 2020; Solantaus et al., 2020)”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The section “Psychological distress in Children Exposed to Adverse Events” reports anxiety and depression as common manifestations of psychological stress in children. It does not link displacement or family conflict to violence toward children, or discuss suicide; searches for those terms found no supporting passage. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Petito et al., 2020 source
- Not matchedcites Solantaus et al., 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“With the closure of special schools and day care centres these children lack access to resource material, peer group interactions and opportunities of learning and developing important social and behavioural skills in due time may lead to regression to the past behavior as they lose anchor in life, as a result of this their symptoms could relapse (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It is found that separation from the primary caregivers can make a child more vulnerable and can pose a threat to a child's mental health (Cooper, 2020; Jiao et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cooper, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section lists “separation problems” among the psychological conditions investigated, and the resilience section says family support can help children recover from distress. Neither section says that separation from primary caregivers makes children more vulnerable or threatens their mental health; that specific link is not established in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
The Comment (page not provided) says that separation from caregivers can put children in a state of crisis and might increase their risk of psychiatric disorders. It also says children separated from caregivers might be more susceptible to mental health problems. These passages support the citing sentence's qualified claim. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“It has been reported that panic buying in times of distress indicate an instinctual survival behaviour (Arafat et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Arafat et al., 2020 source
In the main text, the paper links crisis behaviour to primitive instincts and behaviours necessary for survival. Its summary names the basic primitive response of humans among the proposed factors behind panic buying. The citing sentence is a fair paraphrase of that proposed explanation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Although prior to the pandemic, these children had been facing difficulties even while attending special schools, but in due course they had learnt to develop a schedule to adhere to for most of the time of the day”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites APA, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Cortese et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper’s main text discusses difficulties for students with ADHD during the COVID-19 crisis and mentions disruption of daily routines. It does not address whether children had difficulty attending special schools before the pandemic or had learned to follow a daily schedule. Searches for special schools and pre-pandemic schedules found no passage supporting those points. (LLM, conf=0.74)
- Not matchedcites UNICEF, 2020a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Children have emotionally pent up feelings of distress which may turn inwards into emotional fear or outwards towards acting out behavior (Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
In the passage headed “We declare no competing interests” (page not given), the copy says children’s anxiety can appear as acting out rather than tearful or worried responses. A nearby passage says children may avoid sharing concerns and cope with difficult feelings alone. Together, these support the paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They have intolerance for uncertainty and there is an aggravation in the symptoms due to the enforced restrictions and unfriendly environment which does not correspond with their regular routine.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the incidents of infection in the minors have been reported worldwide, which result in children being quarantined.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A study pointed out that in underprivileged families, in comparison to boys, girls have decreased access to gadgets, this may diminish their involvement in digital platforms of education (McQuillan and Neill, 2009).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McQuillan and Neill, 2009 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to cover up the loss of education during lockdown, many schools have offered distance learning or online courses to students.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The children with autism find it very difficult to adapt to the changing environment. They become agitated and exasperated when anything is rearranged or shifted from its existing setup. They might show an increase in their behavioral problems and acts of self-harm.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the time of lockdown an increasing number of poor families have no source of daily wages which lead to frustration and feelings of helplessness.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is also found that among youth social distancing is viewed primarily as a social responsibility and it is followed more sincerely if motivated by prosocial reasons to prevent others from getting sick (Oosterhoff et al., 2020a).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Oosterhoff et al., 2020a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These conditions also trigger outburst of temper tantrums, and conflict between parents and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, they face difficulties in following instructions, understanding the complexity of the pandemic situation and doing their own work independently.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In developing countries, with the imposed lockdown, the underprivileged children face acute deprivation of nutrition and overall protection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These children have become more clingy, attention seeking and more dependent on their parents due to the long term shift in their routine.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies show that young children show more clinginess, disturbed sleep, nightmares, poor appetite, inattentiveness, and significant separation problems.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The nature and extent of impact on this age group depend on many vulnerability factors such as the developmental age, current educational status, having special needs, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically under privileged and child/ parent being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Abstract > Background
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from the reviewed studies can be generalized to children and adolescents across different countries and settings.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As during the formative years of life, the role of parents is very crucial, any disruption in the form of isolation from parents can have long term effects of perceived attachment of the child.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children with OCD are suspected to be one of the most affected ones by this pandemic. Due to obsessions and compulsions related to contamination, hoarding, and somatic preoccupation, they are expected to experience heightened distress.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An increasing number of poor and street children now have no source of income, making them a high risk population to face abuse and mental health issues with greater vulnerability and exposure to unfavorable economic, social and environmental circumstances (Birla, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Birla, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“There are about 1 in every 6 children within the age group of 2-8 years who have some or the other neurodevelopmental, behavioural or emotional difficulty (CDC, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“COVID-19 infection is expressed differently in children and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Further, due to prolonged confinement at home children's increased use of internet and social media predisposes them to use internet compulsively, access objectionable content and also increases their vulnerability for getting bullied or abused (Cooper, 2020; UNICEF, 2020b).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cooper, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites UNICEF, 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this opportunity is not available to underprivileged children as a result of which they face a lack of stimulation and have no access to online resource material to study.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pandemic and lockdown world has experienced global economic turn-down which has directly worsened the pre-existing social inequality.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Absence of structured setting of the school for a long duration result in disruption in routine, boredom and lack of innovative ideas for engaging in various academic and extracurricular activities.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) among the children and adolescents is estimated to be of 0.25%–4% among children and adolescents (CDC, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to strict selection criteria and the short period of data collection and the only use of electronic databases for our research, there is a possibility of missing studies relevant to the care of children and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Economically underprivileged children are particularly prone to exploitation and abuse.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The children prone to risk for trauma and heightened anxiety.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Advisories of international organizations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Being a narrative review, we did not attempt computation of effect sizes or do a risk of bias assessment for included papers.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence a pediatrician's role is paramount in promoting mental health, developing resilience, recognizing mental health problems, and coordinate with the mental health care providers when it comes to mental health care of children.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Role of pediatricians
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strategies reported in the studies were isolated to geopolitical conditions.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present times when most schools and colleges are organizing online academic activities, teachers are in regular touch with students, and therefore are in a position to play a critical role in the promotion of psychological well being among youngsters.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Role of school teachers/school counselors
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The searches were done by five independent reviewers.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three independent authors participated in study selection and all authors reached a consensus on the studies to be included.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In our review, we were unable to track the measures of management targeted towards the children.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children and adolescents with mental health conditions are not used to variation in the environment. Hence there could be an exacerbation in symptoms and behavioral problems.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The articles and advisories collected for this review are sufficient to support its conclusions about children and adolescents during COVID-19.
“We conducted a review and collected articles and advisories on mental health aspects of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from the reviewed studies can be generalized to children and adolescents across different countries and settings.
“The following sections discuss about findings of studies on mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns being implemented at national or regional levels to prevent further spread of infection.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The pandemic and lockdown measures, rather than other concurrent factors, are a major cause of the mental health impacts described.
“COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Digital and online mental health support can effectively reach and benefit children and adolescents during the pandemic.
“For this innovative child and adolescent mental health policies policies with direct and digital collaborative networks of psychiatrists, psychologists, paediatricians, and community volunteers are deemed necessary.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Quarantine measures benefit the community at large.
“Although quarantining measures are for the benefit of the community at large, its psychological effects cannot be ignored (Liu et al., 2020).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Younger children require more parental attention than adolescents and need physical presence and indoor play with parents.
“Compared to adolescents, younger children demand more attention of their parents They need their parents’ physical presence and need to engage in more indoor play related activities with them.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Internet surfing related to COVID-19 causes anxiety.
“Excessive internet use e.g. internet surfing related to COVID-19 should be avoided as it results in anxiety.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Adolescents are enthusiastic and prone to risk-taking, so some may feel invincible and disregard distancing and hygiene rules.
“Adolescence is a phase of enthusiasm and risk-taking, hence some may feel invincible and try not to follow guidelines related to distancing and personal hygiene.”
The paper relies on this without support.
For children, parents serve as the strongest role models, and home is the primary setting for acquiring life skills.
“Parents are the best ‘role model’ for children and home is practically the best place to learn the ‘life skills’.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is a shortage of mental health care workers in most developing countries.
“Since there is a dearth of mental health care workers in most developing countries.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Traditional pre-COVID-19 models and policies for child and adolescent mental health are no longer applicable during the COVID-19 era.
“It has been recognized by the world that the traditional pre-COVID-19 models and policies for children and adolescents' mental health are no longer applicable during COVID 19 era.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In general, most of the included studies comprised online group sessions where direct personal interaction was enabled to provide group experiences and social learning that were hindered by contact restrictions [1, 2].”
From Interventions to build resilience and to ameliorate negative psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Greater academic pressure, decreased social interaction and physical activity caused by lockdown, and the perceived uncertainties of the COVID-19 have all increased the possibility of anxiety and depression among undergraduate nursing students (48, 49).”
From Mindfulness-based online intervention on mental health among undergraduate nursing students during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Beijing, China: A randomized controlled trial (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The psychosocial health of children and adolescents has been particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.”
In the citing paper
“During the Covid-19 pandemic, especially during the lockdown, social distancing measures and the associated disruption of everyday activities and social contacts threatened the mental health of adolescents (6, 68).”
From Digital Media Use and Adolescents' Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“Only articles in English language peer reviewed journals were included.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“We included case studies and review articles and Advisories by the WHO (World Health Organization), APA (American Psychiatric Association) and NHS (National Health Services) and Government of India Ministry of Health.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Declaration of Competing Interest
“All the authors confirm that, all of them has contributed in the conception of design; analysis, interpretation of data; drafting the article; critically revisiting the article for important intellectual inputs; and approval of the final version.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > CRediT authorship contribution statement
“Sheeba Parveen: Visualization, Investigation.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
“the only use of electronic databases for our research”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“A manual search was also conducted of the references of the related articles to gather information about the relevant studies.”
Citations
Cites
Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 · Cited by 5,715
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens
Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Lu, R., Han, K., Wu, G., & Tan, W. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3786 · Cited by 5,116
Sahu, P. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.7541 · Cited by 2,353 · cited 1×
“Moreover, they suggest to the policy makers that other less disrupting social distancing strategies should be followed by schools if social distancing is recommended for a long duration (Lee, 2020; Sahu, 2020; Viner et al., 2020a).”
Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., Mytton, O., Bonell, C., & Booy, R. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30095-x · Cited by 2,213
Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19
Lee, J. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30109-7 · Cited by 1,882 · cited 8×
“Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed on them can have a long term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing (Lee, 2020).”
InfluentialIdentifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: a systematic review
Biaggi, A., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S., & Pariante, C. M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.014 · Cited by 1,657 · cited 1×
“During stress, parents particularly pregnant mothers are in a psychologically vulnerable state to experience anxiety and depression which is biologically linked to the wellbeing of the foetus (Biaggi et al., 2016; Kinsella and Monk, 2009).”
BackgroundBehavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic
Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013 · Cited by 1,468
Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19
Liu, J. J., Bao, Y., Huang, X., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30096-1 · Cited by 868
China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Shen, K., National Center for Children’s Health, B., Group of Respirology, C. P. S., Chinese Medical Doctor Association Committee on Respirology Pediatrics, China Medicine Education Association Committee on Pediatrics, Chinese Research Hospital Association Committee on Pediatrics, Chinese Non-government Medical Institutions Association Committee on Pediatrics, China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, C. O. C. H. A. M. R., China News of Drug Information Association, C. O. C. S. M., et al. (2020) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7 · Cited by 791 · cited 2×
“It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children and adolescents (Shen et al., 2020).”
Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19
Dalton, L., Rapa, E., & Stein, A. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30097-3 · Cited by 655 · cited 3×
“To cater to these challenges, it is difficult for parents to handle the challenged children and adolescents on their own, as they lack professional expertise and they mostly relied on schools and therapists to help them out (Dalton et al., 2020).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,770
Reflexões sobre o engajamento de estudantes no Ensino Remoto Emergencial
Espinosa, T. (2021) · Ensaio · doi:10.1590/1983-21172021230122 · Cited by 16
Impact of COVID-19 on child health and healthcare services
Bhattacharyya, H., Agarwalla, R., & Khandelwal, A. (2022) · Medical Journal Armed Forces India · doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.10.006 · Cited by 10
“Closure of schools and activity centers for long periods have deprived the children of educational, psychological and developmental attainment.(18)”
BackgroundThe impact of national lockdown on nutritional status of children with inflammatory bowel disease
Marino, L. V., Ashton, J. J., & Beattie, R. M. (2021) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.12862 · Cited by 10
Giannakopoulos, G., Mylona, S., Zisimopoulou, A., Belivanaki, M., Charitaki, S., & Kolaitis, G. A. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03378-w · Cited by 10
Jiang, N., Gao, R., DiStefano, C., Liu, J., Weist, M. D., Splett, J. W., & Halliday‐Boykins, C. A. (2023) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/07342829231167726 · Cited by 10
“More actions and attention are needed when children go back to schools during or after the pandemic as recent estimates have indicated that the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic will double or triple the rates in children’s SEB risks (National Association of School Psychologists, 2020a; National Association of School P…”
BackgroundInfluentialPilot Evaluation of the Elementary Social-Emotional Learning Program Sources of Strength
Valido, A., Robinson, L. E., Woolweaver, A. B., Drescher, A., Espelage, D. L., Wright, A. A., Ishmeal, D., Dailey, M. M., Long, A. C. J., & LoMurray, S. (2023) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-023-09567-0 · Cited by 10
Quinn, A., & Russo, A. (2022) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108946 · Cited by 10
Camacho, W. J. M., Zambrano, S. E. O., Camacho, M. A. M., Contreras, A. C. H., Acevedo, A. R., Valencia, E. J. D., Anamaria, C. C., Alarcón, L. X. N., Munar, L. C. A., Sánchez, A. M. N., et al. (2021) · Journal of Nutritional Science · doi:10.1017/jns.2021.48 · Cited by 10
“INTRODUCTION The current COVID-19 pandemic has generated a series of changes in the daily routines of people, including children and teenagers, in an unprecedented way ((1,2)).”
BackgroundThe impact of COVID-19 on children and adolescents’ mental health
Hafiz, T. A., & Aljadani, A. (2022) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/smj.2022.43.11.20220481 · Cited by 22
García-Rodríguez, M. T., Juanatey-Rodríguez, I., Seijo-Bestilleiro, R., & González-Martín, C. (2023) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-023-01450-7 · Cited by 10
Ortega, A. C., Valtierra, E., Rodríguez-Cuevas, F. G., Aranda, Z., Preciado, G., & Mohar, S. (2021) · Global Health Action · doi:10.1080/16549716.2021.1997410 · Cited by 12
“suspension of face-to-face school activities [60].”
BackgroundTaylor-Beirne, J., & Taylor-Beirne, S. (2022) · British Journal of Child Health · doi:10.12968/chhe.2022.3.3.135 · Cited by 10
School-Based Restorative Justice: Lessons and Opportunities in a Post-Pandemic World
Vélez, G. (2021) · Laws · doi:10.3390/laws10030071 · Cited by 11
“From early on in the pandemic, there has been growing evidence that the stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic further stretched young people’s coping and resilience (Lee 2020; Singh et al. 2020; de Figueiredo et al. 2021).”
BackgroundThe other pandemic: Mental illness in young people from low and middle-income countries
Lux, M. E., Merino, M. M., Viviescas, A., & Escobar, J. M. (2023) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101642 · Cited by 12
Ip, R. H. L., Demskoi, D. K., Rahman, A., & Zheng, L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147474 · Cited by 8
“A narrative review conducted in [9] showed that measures such as school closures had resulted in a negative impact on the mental health among children and adolescents.”
BackgroundChaturvedi, S., & Pasipanodya, T. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Dynamics · doi:10.3389/fhumd.2020.615865 · Cited by 9
The “Creativity Crisis” as a Mind in Crisis: A Cultural-Historical Activity Theory Position
Maouch, M. E., Jin, Z., Zhao, K., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s12124-023-09808-6 · Cited by 9
“For instance, in the COVID-19 context, the disturbed and/or halted daily activity is considered the source of severe psycho-mental issues (e.g., see Benke et al., 2020; Chew et al., 2020; Gues-soum et al., 2020; Ma et al., 2020; Pandey et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020; El Maouch et al., 2022b).”
Xia, X., Mu, H., Li, Y., Hou, Y., Jian-ju, L., Zhao, Z., Zhao, Q., You, S., & Wei, L. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175511 · Cited by 9
Aulino, G., Beccia, F., Rega, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.968286 · Cited by 9
de Guzman, A. B., Mesana, J. C. B., Manuel, M. E., et al. (2022) · Educational Gerontology · doi:10.1080/03601277.2022.2046372 · Cited by 9
“…their homes, yet provided with more time to spend with the members of the household (Ahmed et al., 2020), many families have turned to creative activities as way to bond (Harrington, 2015) and deal with the negative impacts of lockdowns to one’s well-being (Chu et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundZhou, T., Bian, X., Zhang, K., Zheng, S., Lin, Y., Zheng, H., Liu, J., & Finan, J. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.837846 · Cited by 9
Impact of COVID-19 on the education and healthcare services of persons with disabilities in Lebanon
Shuayb, I., & Doueiry, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1111972 · Cited by 9
Guo, B.-C., Chen, Y., Huang, W.-Y., Lin, M.-J., & Wu, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1281806 · Cited by 10
“Children or adolescents in isolation, may also be at a risk of developing mental health problems (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundPatrono, A., Invernizzi, A., Placidi, D., Cagna, G., Calza, S., Oppini, M., Rechtman, E., Papazaharias, D. M., Reichenberg, A., Lucchini, R. G., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416496 · Cited by 9
“Extended social isolation conditions related to COVID-19 have been associated with short- and long-term psychosocial and mental health consequences among all ages of the population [11].”
BackgroundLuo, X., Xu, Q., Fan, K., Wang, J., Wei, D., Wang, X., Lou, X., Lin, H., Wang, C., Wu, C., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.936700 · Cited by 9
Houri, H. N. A., Alhouri, A., Akasheh, R. T., Jovanovic, C. E. S., Al-tarcheh, H., Arrouk, D. M. N., Alhouri, A. N., Marrawi, M., Juweid, M. E., & Latifeh, Y. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-08911-5 · Cited by 9
“The psychological repercussions of lockdowns and physical distancing policies have been well documented [4].”
BackgroundPugliese, E., Mosca, O., Paolini, D., Mancini, F., Puntonieri, D., & Maricchiolo, F. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03374-7 · Cited by 11
“People experienced a high level of anxiety, fear, and worry, sleep difficulties, depression, panic and stress disorder, psychological trauma, and difficulty in emotional regulation, as well as concerns for personal and close others’ health (Prime et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020; Cao et al., 2020; Cellini et al., 2020…”
BackgroundClarke, T., & Barwick, M. A. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12447 · Cited by 9
Nucci, A. D., Scognamiglio, U., Grant, F., & Rossi, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1070388 · Cited by 9
COVID-19 and social distancing among children and adolescents in Brazil
Barros, F. C., Hartwig, F. P., Barros, A. J. D., Menezes, A. M. B., Horta, B. L., Struchiner, C. J., Vidaletti, L. P., da Silveira, M. F., Mesenburg, M. A., Dellagostin, O. A., et al. (2021) · Revista de Saúde Pública · doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003832 · Cited by 11
Yoon, Y., Lee, H. S., Yang, J., Gwack, J., Kim, B. I., Cha, J.-O., Min, K. H., Kim, Y. K., Shim, J. J., & Lee, Y. S. (2023) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e311 · Cited by 9
Vulnerabilities in Mental Health due to Covid-19 Pandemic: The Response of the Italian Physicians
ROSE, A. D., Arezzo, M. F., Amore, M., Cuomo, A., Filippis, S. D., Pia, S. L., Pasqualini, M., Pirani, A., Torta, R., & Fagiolini, A. M. (2023) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-023-03111-y · Cited by 9
“Several studies have reported the early mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic (Singh et al., 2020; Sepulveda et al., 2020), and specifically in Italy (Amendola et al.”
BackgroundCare during exceptional times: results of the CUIDAR study on the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile
Navarro, S. R., Moller, F., Alarcón‐Arcos, S., Energici, M.-A., & Schöngut‐Grollmus, N. (2022) · Tapuya Latin American Science Technology and Society · doi:10.1080/25729861.2022.2038858 · Cited by 9
“This is also now compounded by the uncertainty and fear generated by the circulation of the virus: usual care tasks have become much heavier (Singh et al. 2020), or at least more uncertain and unpredictable.”
BackgroundTodorović, A., Baumann, C., Blanchin, M., & Bourion-Bédès, S. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20085546 · Cited by 13
“In the context of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and lockdown, children and adolescents have been shown to be highly vulnerable to emotional disturbances and adverse mental health effects [7].”
BackgroundBranquinho, C., Moraes, B., Noronha, C., Ferreira, T., Rodrigues, N. N., & de Matos, M. G. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10091460 · Cited by 12
“Bullying continues to be one of the age group’s greatest scourges [2,8].”
BackgroundPrimary and middle-school children’s drawings of the lockdown in Italy
Capurso, M., Buratta, L., & Mazzeschi, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.982654 · Cited by 10
Jesser, A., Schmalwieser, S., Mädge, A.-L., Culen, C., Schrank, B., & Böckle, M. (2021) · Psychotherapie Forum · doi:10.1007/s00729-021-00188-z · Cited by 9
“…von Schulschließungen undMaßnahmen des Social Distancing auf die Lebensqualität und psychische Gesundheit junger Menschen (Octavius et al. 2020; Singh et al. 2020; Stavridou et al. 2020) und konnten negative Folgen nachweisen (Duan et al. 2020; Ezpeleta et al. 2020; Orgilés et al. 2020;…”
BackgroundWang, M., Scanlon, C. L., Hua, M., Belmont, A. M., Zhang, A. L., & Toro, J. D. (2021) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2021.10.008 · Cited by 11
“Although existing studies have examined the affective consequences of social distancing during COVID-19,(1,8) few have focused on an adolescent sample, and most have used cross-sectional, retrospective data; thus, there is a lack of empirical literature addressing longitudinal patterns in youth’s social distancing beh…”
BackgroundCASALE, A. D., Zocchi, C., Kotzalidis, G. D., Fiaschè, F., & Girardi, P. (2021) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint2030027 · Cited by 9
“Schools could play an important role in supporting, recognizing, and understanding suffering, with referral to specialized services; however, there is a need to enforce territorial services for children and adolescents that are more usable and accessible [46], also considering how much the risk of suicide has increase…”
BackgroundBenzing, V., Gaillard, P., Scheidegger, D., Dössegger, A., Nigg, C. R., & Schmidt, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042231 · Cited by 9
Evans, N., Edwards, D. J., Carrier, J., Elliott, M. B., Gillen, E., Hannigan, B., Lane, R., & Williams, L. (2023) · Health and Social Care Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/bppt3407 · Cited by 11
Povero, M., Turco, P., & Negro, R. W. D. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9010059 · Cited by 10
Learning and happiness during Covid-19 school closure in urban Malaysia
Asadullah, M. N., & Tham, E. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102822 · Cited by 12
Through parents’ eyes: Exploring parental involvement’s experiences on online learning
Fitriani, S., & Sari, Y. Y. (2023) · International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) · doi:10.11591/ijere.v12i4.25114 · Cited by 9
“[7] also discussed the stress that children and adolescents encounter.”
BackgroundPeople’s worry about long-term impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health
Kawakami, N., Kim, Y., Saito, M., & Fujishiro, S. (2022) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103196 · Cited by 9
Santafé-Madueño, N., Ramos, A., Selva‐Pareja, L., et al. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12896 · Cited by 9
Computational Model of Recommender System Intervention
Ojeniyi, A., Ajibade, S.-S. M., Obafunmiso, C. K., & Adegbite-Badmus, T. A. (2022) · Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing · doi:10.1155/2022/3794551 · Cited by 9
The Changes in Visual Acuity Values of Japanese School Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Noi, S., Shikano, A., Imai, N., et al. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9030342 · Cited by 9
Gorny, M., Blackstock, S. J., Bhaskaran, A. A., Layther, I., Qoba, M., Vassar, C., Ellis, J., Begent, J., Forrester, J., Goldin, J., et al. (2021) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001116 · Cited by 9
Byeon, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.955339 · Cited by 9
“Therefore, to promote the health of adolescents, it is required to develop customized health promotion programs considering the multiple health risk behaviors of adolescents vulnerable to obesity and conduct monitoring continuously at the school level (34).”
BackgroundCOVID-19 and Lockdown, as Lived and Felt by University Students
Branquinho, C., Guedes, F. B., Cerqueira, A., Pinto, A. M., Branco, A., Galvão, C., Sousa, J. V., Goulão, L. F., Bronze, M. R., Viegas, W. S., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013454 · Cited by 10
The COVID-19 pandemic and measurement of preschoolers’ executive functions.
Perry, K. J., Perhamus, G. R., Lent, M. C., Murray-Close, D. K., & Ostrov, J. M. (2023) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0001250 · Cited by 13
Mevorach, T., Zur, G., Benaroya-Milshtein, N., Apter, A. S., Fennig, S., & Barzilay, S. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021619 · Cited by 9
“Although COVID-19 infection rates and their effect on suicidality may vary across age groups, genders, and residences [4,6], this study did not account for such differences as they were determined to be beyond the scope of the current study.”
BackgroundSTUDI KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGIS PADA MASA PANDEMIC COVID-19
Soputan, S. D. M., & Mulawarman, M. (2021) · Counsenesia Indonesian Journal Of Guidance and Counseling · doi:10.36728/cijgc.v2i1.1434 · Cited by 9
Saha, I., Majumder, J., Bagepally, B. S., Ray, S., Saha, A., & Chakrabarti, A. (2023) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103790 · Cited by 9
Hossain, M. M., Rahman, M., Trisha, N. F., Tasnim, S., Nuzhath, T., Hasan, N. T., Clark, H., Das, A., McKyer, E. L. J., Ahmed, H. U., et al. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/q4k5b · Cited by 9
“Everything Seems Unreal”: How Adolescents Cope with COVID-19 Quarantine Experience
Adler, A., Stančaitienė, G., Grauslienė, I., Nasvytienė, D., Skabeikytė‐Norkienė, G., & Barkauskienė, R. (2021) · Psichologija · doi:10.15388/psichol.2021.40 · Cited by 9
“Studies showed the impairment of adolescents’ well-being during the lockdown (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundTrends of Anger and Physical Aggression in Russian Women During COVID-19 Lockdown
Klimovich-Mickael, A., Kubick, N., Milanesi, E., Dobre, M., Łazarczyk, M., Wijas, B., Sacharczuk, M., & Mickael, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2021.698151 · Cited by 9
Implementing Evidence-Based Preventive Interventions During a Pandemic
Buckley, P. R., Edwards, D., Ladika, A., Steeger, C. M., & Hill, K. G. (2022) · Global Implementation Research and Applications · doi:10.1007/s43477-022-00047-2 · Cited by 9
“, 2020) and exacerbating discrepancies that existed prior to the pandemic (Amadasun, 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundHernández‐Vásquez, A., & Vargas‐Fernández, R. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912390 · Cited by 12
“On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic introduced periods of chronic stress in the parents due to unemployment, social isolation, changes in family dynamics and constant fear about SARS-CoV-2 infection, which had an impact on the children, causing high levels of stress, fear and anxiety [54,55].”
BackgroundLoneliness, internalizing symptoms, and inflammatory markers in adolescent COVID‐19 survivors
Akçay, E., Çöp, E., Dinç, G. Ş., Göker, Z., Parlakay, A. Ö., Demirel, B. D., Mutlu, M., & Kırmızı, B. (2022) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.13043 · Cited by 11
“COVID-19 infection have increased (Rogers et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundNorcia, A. D., Mascaro, C., Bianchi, D., Szpunar, G., & Cannoni, E. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03679-7 · Cited by 14
Sosnowska, M., Kępkowicz, A., Woźniak-Kostecka, I., Lipińska, H., & Renaudie, L. (2022) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127689 · Cited by 9
The Impact of Lockdown during COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health of Adolescents
Charatcharoenwitthaya, K., & Niltwat, S. (2022) · Siriraj Medical Journal/San Sirirat · doi:10.33192/smj.2022.105 · Cited by 8
Valenzuela, J. P., Kuzmanic, D., & Cortés, F. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102978 · Cited by 9
Goswami, M. P., Anjali, R., Raj, A., Puthiyakath, H. H., & Thanvi, J. (2022) · Journal of Creative Communications · doi:10.1177/09732586221090750 · Cited by 8
Self-Reported Anxiety in Spain: A Gendered Approach One Year After the Start of COVID-19 Pandemic
Jacques‐Aviñó, C., López‐Jiménez, T., Bennett, M., Medina‐Perucha, L., León-Gómez, B. B., & Berenguera, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.873891 · Cited by 8
Lalia, J. K., Schild, R., Lütgehetmann, M., Dunay, G. A., Kallinich, T., Kobbe, R., Massoud, M., Oh, J. S., Pietzsch, L., Schulze‐Sturm, U., et al. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15071553 · Cited by 8
Mohan, K. P., Peungposop, N., & Kalra, P. (2022) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-022-10115-2 · Cited by 12
“As noted by researchers (Simon et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2020), the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable communities/groups warrants special attention, especially with the purpose of developing targeted interventions (Villani et al.”
BackgroundDumont, R., Richard, V., Baysson, H., Lorthe, E., Piumatti, G., Schrempft, S., Wisniak, A., Barbe, R., Posfay-Barbe, K. M., Guessous, I., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272925 · Cited by 9
“Adolescents may have been overly burdened by these life changes along with the worrying pandemic environment [10].”
Gómez, G., Basagoitia, A., Burrone, M. S., Rivas, M., Solís-Soto, M. T., Dy Juanco, S., & Alley, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.713407 · Cited by 8
Endo, F., Hiramatsu, Y., & Ide, H. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-87072-x · Cited by 9
Patrono, A., Renzetti, S., Guerini, C., Macgowan, M. J., Moncada, S. M., Placidi, D., Memo, M., & Lucchini, R. G. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18064-1 · Cited by 8
“Considering how other studies have investigated the repercussions of more structured lockdown and the effects on the well-being of individuals [15, 16], this study can help to better understand the relationship between the intensity and modalities of the lockdown measure and the effect on mental…”
BackgroundGiannotti, M., Mazzoni, N., Facchini, M., de Falco, S., Venuti, P., & Iandolo, G. (2022) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000993 · Cited by 12
Pillay, J. (2022) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/00812463221133964 · Cited by 10
“They were also concerned about their families’ financial survival during the lockdown period (Imran et al., 2020; Knopf, 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundResultChen, X., & Kühner, S. (2025) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-024-10211-9 · Cited by 8
“These restrictions disrupted children’s everyday routines and hindered interactions with peers, teachers, and adults in the community (Singh et al., 2020), which may lead to increased feelings of isolation, loneliness, and anxiety, fac - tors known to impact life satisfaction negatively (Rozi et…”
A comparison of psychiatric inpatient admissions in youth before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Park, J. L., Clark, C. A., Bagshawe, M., Kuntz, J., Perri, A., Deegan, A., Marriott, B., Rahman, A., Graham, S., & McMorris, C. A. (2024) · PubMed Central · Cited by 8
COVID-19 Restrictions and Adolescent Cigarette and E-cigarette Use in California
Wharton, M. K., Islam, S. N., Abadi, M. H., Pokhrel, P., & Lipperman‐Kreda, S. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.09.014 · Cited by 8
Women and children's well-being in Indian nuclear families during the COVID-19 pandemic
Rana, R., Sood, R., & Bhardwaj, S. (2021) · Journal of Childhood Education & Society · doi:10.37291/2717638x.202122108 · Cited by 8
“Not only women have faced multiple stressors which adversely affected their mental health and well-being in COVID outbreak, but also children can face more adverse effects even in the coming years of their life (Singh et al.,2020).”
BackgroundChildren’s access to dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-country survey
Elkhodary, H., Sabbagh, H. J., Meligy, O. E., Talaat, I. M., Abdellatif, E. B., Mostafa, M. H., Khader, Y. S., Al-Batayneh, O. B., Alhabli, S., Al‐Khanati, N. M., et al. (2022) · Children s Health Care · doi:10.1080/02739615.2022.2114478 · Cited by 8
“Children may have difficulty coping with the economic and socia l effects of COVID-19, and it is imperative to investigate the factors that are related to health services use, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCarvalho, P. S., Martins, M. V., Azevedo, I., Rodrigues, R., & Ferreira, S. (2025) · Portuguese Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1159/000543728 · Cited by 8
“Recent evidence suggests that anxiety and depression levels among adolescents have increased in the past few years, mostly after the COVID-19 pandemic [45, 46].”
Ryan, K., Snow, K. J., Danchin, M. H., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100369 · Cited by 8
Gil, J. D. C., Aguiar, P. M. V., Lopes, S. A., Soares, P., Moura, H. S. D., Arcêncio, R. A., Goes, A. R., Gama, A. F., Pedro, A. R., Nunes, C., et al. (2022) · Portuguese Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1159/000525248 · Cited by 9
“Some studies report that the levels of mental problems have increased in Portugal and Brazil during the pandemic; thus, countries should be prepared to attend to and promote the emotional and mental well-being of the population [17, 22, 23].”
BackgroundCastle, V. E., Sideropoulos, V., Jones, C. L., Zhang, D., Herwegen, J. V., & Palikara, O. (2024) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-024-00453-2 · Cited by 14
“…and fast-paced changes to society, which have disproportionately impacted communities of children and young people with SEND as they are known to be more vulnerable and resistant to environmental change and disruptions to routines (Baweja et al., 2021; Kawaoka et al., 2022; Singh et al., 2020).”
Aleebrahim‐Dehkordi, E., Dehkordi, E. S., Saberianpour, S., Dehkordi, A. H., & Dehkordi, A. H. (2021) · Przeglad Epidemiologiczny · doi:10.32394/pe.75.04 · Cited by 11
Ruiz, L., Navarro, J. L. A., Huete-Alcocer, N., & Peña, D. N. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610269 · Cited by 8
“On the other hand, other research concluded that an action plan must be implemented to address the psychosocial and mental health needs of vulnerable children and adolescents during and after the pandemic, such as providing access to support services [36].”
BackgroundYu, Y., Wu, T., Gao, J., Wang, S., Zhou, Y., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.907838 · Cited by 10
“These phenomena might lead to short-term as well as long-term psychosocial and mental health implications for children (Singh et al., 2020; Vasileva et al., 2021).”
BackgroundOptimal COVID-19 Vaccine Sharing Between Two Nations That Also Have Extensive Travel Exchanges
Huntingford, C., Rawson, T., & Bonsall, M. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.633144 · Cited by 6
Physical Education Moving From Marginalized to Materialized
Shirotriya, A. K., & Beighle, A. E. (2023) · Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance · doi:10.1080/07303084.2023.2260440 · Cited by 8
“The lockdown had various negative effects on society’s mental and physical health (Dai et al., 2021; Saladino et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundShah, N., Khadilkar, V. V., Oza, C. M., Karguppikar, M. B., Bhor, S., Ladkat, D., & Khadilkar, A. V. (2022) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102564 · Cited by 8
Schillok, H., Coenen, M., Rehfuess, E. A., Kuhlmann, P. H., Matl, S., Kindermann, H., Maison, N., Eckert, J., von Both, U., Behrends, U., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1135415 · Cited by 9
Caratıquıt, K. (2022) · Journal of Social Humanity and Education · doi:10.35912/jshe.v2i3.972 · Cited by 8
“Similarly, for kids and adolescents who are quarantined at home due to institute closures in the COVID-19 outbreak, their insight into the problem of home confinement is expected to have a substantial influence on their mental well-being and academic performance (Caratiquit & Pablo, 2021; Singh et al., 2020; Zhang, Di…”
BackgroundDembiński, Ł., Huss, G., Radziewicz‐Winnicki, I., Grossman, Z., Mazur, A., del Torso, S., Barak, S., Sanz, Á. C., & Hadjipanayis, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.679803 · Cited by 8
Change in Pediatric Health Care Spending and Drug Utilization during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Lubrano, R., Giudice, E. D., Marcellino, A., Ventriglia, F., Dilillo, A., Luca, E. D., Mallardo, S., Isoldi, S., Martucci, V., Sanseviero, M., et al. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8121183 · Cited by 8
Impacto do Confinamento em Crianças e Adolescentes
dos Reis, F. P., Amaro, R., Silva, F. M., et al. (2021) · Acta Médica Portuguesa · doi:10.20344/amp.15854 · Cited by 8
COVID-19-related adolescent mortality and morbidity in nineteen European countries
Gil, J. D. C., Aguiar, P. M. V., & Ferrinho, P. D. L. G. M. (2023) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-023-05068-z · Cited by 8
“Some studies have reported that school restrictions do more harm than good and that they were executed in an empirical context [48–51].”
BackgroundOguntayo, R. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05367-6 · Cited by 8
“Worry and excessive measures are common responses to the outbreak of disease and events with negative outcomes (Singh et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020; World Health Organization, 2022) .”
Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, S., Roy, D., Sinha, K., Parveen, S., Sharma, G., & Joshi, G.
- Affiliations
- King George's Medical University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Roy, Deblina
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 293
- Pages
- 113429
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7444649
- OpenAlex
- W3081076087
- Semantic Scholar
- c8e4a5b89bc2fbf62e5cebcff9fb6ec0e9fc80a7
- Cited by
- 1,727
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 234 · 2023: 377 · 2022: 515 · 2021: 406 · 2020: 28
- FWCI
- 26.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown, child mental health, adolescent mental health, quarantine, parental separation, economic hardship, school students, pre-existing mental health conditions, coping strategies, mental health support services
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Mental Health Services, Parents, Pneumonia, Viral, Psychiatry, Quarantine, Risk Factors, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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