The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 29 of the 60 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations
Open accessAbstract
This narrative review summarizes research and advisories about how COVID-19 and lockdown affected the mental health of children and adolescents. It concludes that the pandemic created short- and long-term psychosocial and mental health impacts, especially for vulnerable groups, and calls for evidence-based action plans.
Overview
Integrity signals
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Claims the paper makes
25 Own interpretation · 15 Sources not found · 14 Partly supported · 14 No basis given · 8 Own method · 5 Couldn’t confirm · 3 Supported · 3 No full text of the sources · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Based on the questionnaires completed by the parents, findings reveal that children felt uncertain, fearful and isolated during current times.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section (page not provided) says parents completed the questionnaire and reports fear among the children's behavioral and emotional problems. It also describes children experiencing uncertainty and physical and social isolation, but does not identify those as findings from the parent-completed questionnaires. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children and adolescents (Shen et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Introduction
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Shen et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Clinical manifestations section says pediatric COVID-19 symptoms were generally milder than adults’ and that most infected children recovered within 1–2 weeks. The Psychotherapy section mentions possible fear or psychological disorders in older children, but neither section addresses whether the pandemic may have greater long-term adverse consequences for children and adolescents than for adults (searched: long-term adverse consequences and long-term psychological impacts). (LLM, conf=0.76)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Some children have expressed lower levels of affect for not being able to play outdoors, not meeting friends and not engaging in the in-person school activities (Lee, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Zhai and Du, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports that school closures disrupted routines and that some young people with existing mental health needs said their conditions worsened. It does not report children expressing lower affect specifically because they could not play outdoors, meet friends, or take part in in-person school activities. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Partly supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Comment section says quarantine might adversely affect children’s mental health and that companionship is important to their wellbeing. It does not report children expressing lower affect or link that response to being unable to play outdoors, meet friends, or attend school in person. (LLM, conf=0.78)
- Could not verifycites Zhai and Du, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses fear, discrimination, and isolation among international Chinese students and says these may lead to stress, anxiety, and fear. It does not address children’s affect or link it to being unable to play outdoors, meet friends, or attend in-person school activities; a search for those activities found no matching passage. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The home confinement of children and adolescents is associated with uncertainty and anxiety which is attributable to disruption in their education, physical activities and opportunities for socialization (Jiao et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The ‘Early Investigation’ section describes children experiencing uncertainty, isolation and prolonged absence from school during the epidemic. ‘Psychological distress in Children Exposed to Adverse Events’ says enforced isolation and school closure limit contact with classmates and physical activity, and identifies anxiety as a response to adverse events. Neither passage establishes that disruptions to education, activity and socialization specifically caused the uncertainty and anxiety claimed. (LLM, conf=0.82)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed on them can have a long term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section links school closures and social distancing to disrupted routines, isolation, and worsening symptoms in some children. It also says the long-term mental-health effects on children are not well known and calls for further study; it does not establish that restricted movement itself causes long-term harm to children's overall psychological wellbeing. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Although quarantining measures are for the benefit of the community at large, its psychological effects cannot be ignored (Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
The opening passage says quarantine slowed COVID-19 transmission, while the Comment section warns that it might have adverse psychological effects on quarantined children. The paper therefore supports the citing sentence’s point, with its discussion focused on children. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Quarantine measures benefit the community at large.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A study found that older adolescents and youth are anxious regarding cancellation of examinations, exchange programs and academic events (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports exam-related stress among a 17-year-old candidate and stress among college and university students over cancelled exchange studies and graduation ceremonies. But Lee’s article is a feature reporting a poll and students’ accounts, not a study that itself found all of these effects; the exam account concerns postponement and uncertainty rather than cancellation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Unfortunately, the nationwide closures of schools and colleges have negatively impacted over 91% of the world's student population (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports that, as of April 8, 2020, schools were suspended nationwide in 188 countries and over 90% of enrolled learners worldwide were out of education. That supports a widespread negative educational impact, but it does not establish the claim’s more specific figure of over 91%. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The majority of the studies included in the review were based on online self-reports(Bhat et al., 2020; Jiao et al., 2020; Oosterhoff et al., 2020b).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Critical appraisal of the studies included
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Bhat et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses Indian teachers’ experiences during COVID-19, while the References section lists sources on the outbreak and teacher morale. Neither reports how studies in the citing review collected data. Searches for online self-reports and the review-studies claim found no relevant passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Early Investigation of Chinese Children's Behavioral and Emotional Reactions to COVID-19,” Jiao et al. describe an online questionnaire, supporting the online-reporting part. They say parents completed it, however, and do not establish that most studies in the citing review used online self-reports. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not matchedcites Oosterhoff et al., 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The adults and older children were the respondents of the study(Lee, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Viner et al., 2020b; Wang et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Critical appraisal of the studies included
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports a YoungMinds survey of 2,111 participants up to age 25 and a poll of 757 university-entrance candidates, supporting that older children or young people were respondents. It does not establish that adults responded, and Lee’s article reports these surveys rather than conducting a study with its own respondents. (LLM, conf=0.81)
- Could not verifycites Liu et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Comment section discusses children’s mental health during quarantine and proposes support measures, but does not identify respondents in a study. Searches for respondents, participants, and adults or older children as study subjects found no passage establishing the claimed respondent groups (page not available). (LLM, conf=0.75)
- Not matchedcites Viner et al., 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
- It may state two separate claims as one. 36
- Probably not a substantial claim. 18
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“During stress, parents particularly pregnant mothers are in a psychologically vulnerable state to experience anxiety and depression which is biologically linked to the wellbeing of the foetus (Biaggi et al., 2016; Kinsella and Monk, 2009).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Biaggi et al., 2016 source
The Results section (‘Adverse events in life and perceived stress’; page not provided) says that high perceived stress during pregnancy contributes to antenatal depression and that stressful events can trigger anxiety symptoms. The Introduction (page not provided) describes possible biological pathways linking maternal stress to foetal development, including cortisol crossing the placenta. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Partly supportedcites Kinsella and Monk, 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page not available) links maternal stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy to fetal development, and the Physiological Pathways section discusses possible biological routes for that influence. The paper does not establish that stress makes pregnant women more vulnerable to anxiety or depression, and it does not address parents generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It was also shown that children experienced disturbed sleep, nightmares, poor appetite, agitation, inattention and separation related anxiety (Jiao et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section reports inattention, irritability and clinginess among children in the preliminary Shaanxi study. It lists poor sleep and nightmares, poor appetite, agitation and separation problems as conditions the questionnaire investigated, but does not report that children experienced every condition on that list. The Conclusions also advise parents to watch for sleep difficulties and nightmares. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Current studies related to COVID-19 demonstrate that school shut downs in isolation prevent about 2-4% additional deaths which is quite less if compared to usage of other measures of social distancing.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section discusses school closures and their effects on young people’s mental health, but does not estimate deaths prevented. Searches for the 2–4% figure and for a comparison with other social-distancing measures found no supporting passage in our copy; no page number was provided. (LLM, conf=0.76)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“For instance, in India, which has the largest child population in the world with 472 million children, the lockdown has significantly impacted 40 million children from poor families. These include children working on farms, fields in rural areas, children of migrants and street children (Dalton et al., 2020; Rosenthal et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses the pandemic’s effects on children generally, but does not address India or children from poor families. Searches for the 472 million and 40 million figures, and for migrant, farm-working, and street children, found no matching passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
- Could not verifycites Rosenthal et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (page unavailable) discusses COVID-19’s effects on children living in temporary accommodation in the UK. Searches for the India population figures and for farm workers, migrants’ children, and street children found no passage addressing the India-specific claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“To cater to these challenges, it is difficult for parents to handle the challenged children and adolescents on their own, as they lack professional expertise and they mostly relied on schools and therapists to help them out (Dalton et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (page not available) discusses changes to children’s routines and social infrastructure, and how adults can respond to children’s distress. Searches for special needs, parental professional expertise, schools, and therapists found no passage addressing the claimed difficulty of caring for these children without that support. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The children may develop feelings of sadness, anxiety, fear of death, fear of parents’ death and fear of being isolated in the hospital which may have a very detrimental effect on their psychological development”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites APA, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the main text (page not provided), Dalton et al. describe children’s anxiety, upset, and possible sad responses, and warn of long-term psychological effects of the pandemic. The paper does not identify fear of death, fear of a parent’s death, or fear of hospital isolation, nor does it specifically link those fears to impaired psychological development. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“By the reason of displacement, the frustration and family conflict may manifest itself in the form of violence towards children. This can make the child more vulnerable to depression, anxiety and suicide (Jiao et al., 2020; Petito et al., 2020; Solantaus et al., 2020)”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The section “Psychological distress in Children Exposed to Adverse Events” reports anxiety and depression as common manifestations of psychological stress in children. It does not link displacement or family conflict to violence toward children, or discuss suicide; searches for those terms found no supporting passage. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Petito et al., 2020 source
- Not matchedcites Solantaus et al., 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“With the closure of special schools and day care centres these children lack access to resource material, peer group interactions and opportunities of learning and developing important social and behavioural skills in due time may lead to regression to the past behavior as they lose anchor in life, as a result of this their symptoms could relapse (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It is found that separation from the primary caregivers can make a child more vulnerable and can pose a threat to a child's mental health (Cooper, 2020; Jiao et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cooper, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section lists “separation problems” among the psychological conditions investigated, and the resilience section says family support can help children recover from distress. Neither section says that separation from primary caregivers makes children more vulnerable or threatens their mental health; that specific link is not established in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
The Comment (page not provided) says that separation from caregivers can put children in a state of crisis and might increase their risk of psychiatric disorders. It also says children separated from caregivers might be more susceptible to mental health problems. These passages support the citing sentence's qualified claim. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“It has been reported that panic buying in times of distress indicate an instinctual survival behaviour (Arafat et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Arafat et al., 2020 source
In the main text, the paper links crisis behaviour to primitive instincts and behaviours necessary for survival. Its summary names the basic primitive response of humans among the proposed factors behind panic buying. The citing sentence is a fair paraphrase of that proposed explanation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Although prior to the pandemic, these children had been facing difficulties even while attending special schools, but in due course they had learnt to develop a schedule to adhere to for most of the time of the day”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites APA, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Cortese et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper’s main text discusses difficulties for students with ADHD during the COVID-19 crisis and mentions disruption of daily routines. It does not address whether children had difficulty attending special schools before the pandemic or had learned to follow a daily schedule. Searches for special schools and pre-pandemic schedules found no passage supporting those points. (LLM, conf=0.74)
- Not matchedcites UNICEF, 2020a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Children have emotionally pent up feelings of distress which may turn inwards into emotional fear or outwards towards acting out behavior (Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
In the passage headed “We declare no competing interests” (page not given), the copy says children’s anxiety can appear as acting out rather than tearful or worried responses. A nearby passage says children may avoid sharing concerns and cope with difficult feelings alone. Together, these support the paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They have intolerance for uncertainty and there is an aggravation in the symptoms due to the enforced restrictions and unfriendly environment which does not correspond with their regular routine.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the incidents of infection in the minors have been reported worldwide, which result in children being quarantined.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A study pointed out that in underprivileged families, in comparison to boys, girls have decreased access to gadgets, this may diminish their involvement in digital platforms of education (McQuillan and Neill, 2009).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McQuillan and Neill, 2009 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to cover up the loss of education during lockdown, many schools have offered distance learning or online courses to students.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The children with autism find it very difficult to adapt to the changing environment. They become agitated and exasperated when anything is rearranged or shifted from its existing setup. They might show an increase in their behavioral problems and acts of self-harm.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the time of lockdown an increasing number of poor families have no source of daily wages which lead to frustration and feelings of helplessness.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is also found that among youth social distancing is viewed primarily as a social responsibility and it is followed more sincerely if motivated by prosocial reasons to prevent others from getting sick (Oosterhoff et al., 2020a).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Oosterhoff et al., 2020a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These conditions also trigger outburst of temper tantrums, and conflict between parents and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, they face difficulties in following instructions, understanding the complexity of the pandemic situation and doing their own work independently.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In developing countries, with the imposed lockdown, the underprivileged children face acute deprivation of nutrition and overall protection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These children have become more clingy, attention seeking and more dependent on their parents due to the long term shift in their routine.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies show that young children show more clinginess, disturbed sleep, nightmares, poor appetite, inattentiveness, and significant separation problems.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The nature and extent of impact on this age group depend on many vulnerability factors such as the developmental age, current educational status, having special needs, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically under privileged and child/ parent being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Abstract > Background
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from the reviewed studies can be generalized to children and adolescents across different countries and settings.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As during the formative years of life, the role of parents is very crucial, any disruption in the form of isolation from parents can have long term effects of perceived attachment of the child.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children with OCD are suspected to be one of the most affected ones by this pandemic. Due to obsessions and compulsions related to contamination, hoarding, and somatic preoccupation, they are expected to experience heightened distress.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An increasing number of poor and street children now have no source of income, making them a high risk population to face abuse and mental health issues with greater vulnerability and exposure to unfavorable economic, social and environmental circumstances (Birla, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Birla, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“There are about 1 in every 6 children within the age group of 2-8 years who have some or the other neurodevelopmental, behavioural or emotional difficulty (CDC, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“COVID-19 infection is expressed differently in children and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Further, due to prolonged confinement at home children's increased use of internet and social media predisposes them to use internet compulsively, access objectionable content and also increases their vulnerability for getting bullied or abused (Cooper, 2020; UNICEF, 2020b).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cooper, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites UNICEF, 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this opportunity is not available to underprivileged children as a result of which they face a lack of stimulation and have no access to online resource material to study.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pandemic and lockdown world has experienced global economic turn-down which has directly worsened the pre-existing social inequality.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Absence of structured setting of the school for a long duration result in disruption in routine, boredom and lack of innovative ideas for engaging in various academic and extracurricular activities.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) among the children and adolescents is estimated to be of 0.25%–4% among children and adolescents (CDC, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to strict selection criteria and the short period of data collection and the only use of electronic databases for our research, there is a possibility of missing studies relevant to the care of children and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Economically underprivileged children are particularly prone to exploitation and abuse.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The children prone to risk for trauma and heightened anxiety.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Advisories of international organizations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Being a narrative review, we did not attempt computation of effect sizes or do a risk of bias assessment for included papers.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence a pediatrician's role is paramount in promoting mental health, developing resilience, recognizing mental health problems, and coordinate with the mental health care providers when it comes to mental health care of children.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Role of pediatricians
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strategies reported in the studies were isolated to geopolitical conditions.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present times when most schools and colleges are organizing online academic activities, teachers are in regular touch with students, and therefore are in a position to play a critical role in the promotion of psychological well being among youngsters.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Role of school teachers/school counselors
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The searches were done by five independent reviewers.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three independent authors participated in study selection and all authors reached a consensus on the studies to be included.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In our review, we were unable to track the measures of management targeted towards the children.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children and adolescents with mental health conditions are not used to variation in the environment. Hence there could be an exacerbation in symptoms and behavioral problems.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The articles and advisories collected for this review are sufficient to support its conclusions about children and adolescents during COVID-19.
“We conducted a review and collected articles and advisories on mental health aspects of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from the reviewed studies can be generalized to children and adolescents across different countries and settings.
“The following sections discuss about findings of studies on mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns being implemented at national or regional levels to prevent further spread of infection.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The pandemic and lockdown measures, rather than other concurrent factors, are a major cause of the mental health impacts described.
“COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Digital and online mental health support can effectively reach and benefit children and adolescents during the pandemic.
“For this innovative child and adolescent mental health policies policies with direct and digital collaborative networks of psychiatrists, psychologists, paediatricians, and community volunteers are deemed necessary.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Quarantine measures benefit the community at large.
“Although quarantining measures are for the benefit of the community at large, its psychological effects cannot be ignored (Liu et al., 2020).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Younger children require more parental attention than adolescents and need physical presence and indoor play with parents.
“Compared to adolescents, younger children demand more attention of their parents They need their parents’ physical presence and need to engage in more indoor play related activities with them.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Internet surfing related to COVID-19 causes anxiety.
“Excessive internet use e.g. internet surfing related to COVID-19 should be avoided as it results in anxiety.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Adolescents are enthusiastic and prone to risk-taking, so some may feel invincible and disregard distancing and hygiene rules.
“Adolescence is a phase of enthusiasm and risk-taking, hence some may feel invincible and try not to follow guidelines related to distancing and personal hygiene.”
The paper relies on this without support.
For children, parents serve as the strongest role models, and home is the primary setting for acquiring life skills.
“Parents are the best ‘role model’ for children and home is practically the best place to learn the ‘life skills’.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is a shortage of mental health care workers in most developing countries.
“Since there is a dearth of mental health care workers in most developing countries.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Traditional pre-COVID-19 models and policies for child and adolescent mental health are no longer applicable during the COVID-19 era.
“It has been recognized by the world that the traditional pre-COVID-19 models and policies for children and adolescents' mental health are no longer applicable during COVID 19 era.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In general, most of the included studies comprised online group sessions where direct personal interaction was enabled to provide group experiences and social learning that were hindered by contact restrictions [1, 2].”
From Interventions to build resilience and to ameliorate negative psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Greater academic pressure, decreased social interaction and physical activity caused by lockdown, and the perceived uncertainties of the COVID-19 have all increased the possibility of anxiety and depression among undergraduate nursing students (48, 49).”
From Mindfulness-based online intervention on mental health among undergraduate nursing students during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Beijing, China: A randomized controlled trial (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The psychosocial health of children and adolescents has been particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.”
In the citing paper
“During the Covid-19 pandemic, especially during the lockdown, social distancing measures and the associated disruption of everyday activities and social contacts threatened the mental health of adolescents (6, 68).”
From Digital Media Use and Adolescents' Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“Only articles in English language peer reviewed journals were included.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“We included case studies and review articles and Advisories by the WHO (World Health Organization), APA (American Psychiatric Association) and NHS (National Health Services) and Government of India Ministry of Health.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Declaration of Competing Interest
“All the authors confirm that, all of them has contributed in the conception of design; analysis, interpretation of data; drafting the article; critically revisiting the article for important intellectual inputs; and approval of the final version.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > CRediT authorship contribution statement
“Sheeba Parveen: Visualization, Investigation.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
“the only use of electronic databases for our research”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“A manual search was also conducted of the references of the related articles to gather information about the relevant studies.”
Citations
Cites
Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 · Cited by 5,715
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens
Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Lu, R., Han, K., Wu, G., & Tan, W. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3786 · Cited by 5,116
Sahu, P. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.7541 · Cited by 2,353 · cited 1×
“Moreover, they suggest to the policy makers that other less disrupting social distancing strategies should be followed by schools if social distancing is recommended for a long duration (Lee, 2020; Sahu, 2020; Viner et al., 2020a).”
Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., Mytton, O., Bonell, C., & Booy, R. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30095-x · Cited by 2,213
Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19
Lee, J. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30109-7 · Cited by 1,882 · cited 8×
“Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed on them can have a long term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing (Lee, 2020).”
InfluentialIdentifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: a systematic review
Biaggi, A., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S., & Pariante, C. M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.014 · Cited by 1,657 · cited 1×
“During stress, parents particularly pregnant mothers are in a psychologically vulnerable state to experience anxiety and depression which is biologically linked to the wellbeing of the foetus (Biaggi et al., 2016; Kinsella and Monk, 2009).”
BackgroundBehavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic
Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013 · Cited by 1,468
Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19
Liu, J. J., Bao, Y., Huang, X., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30096-1 · Cited by 868
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“It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children and adolescents (Shen et al., 2020).”
Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19
Dalton, L., Rapa, E., & Stein, A. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30097-3 · Cited by 655 · cited 3×
“To cater to these challenges, it is difficult for parents to handle the challenged children and adolescents on their own, as they lack professional expertise and they mostly relied on schools and therapists to help them out (Dalton et al., 2020).”
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Items 301–400 of 1,770
Yao, H., Wang, J., & Liu, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.857444 · Cited by 28
Hoehl, S., Kreutzer, E., Schenk, B., et al. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1912 · Cited by 20
“Restricting access to education is expected to have negative effects on the well-being of children of all age groups, with families of low socioeconomic status and families with children with special educational needs most likely to suffer.(3) Children are, indeed, believed to be main drivers of the transmission to th…”
BackgroundMartínez-Líbano, J., & Yeomans‐Cabrera, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1407021 · Cited by 30
Lockdown Impact on Stress, Coping Strategies, and Substance Use in Teenagers
Bourduge, C., Teissèdre, F., Morel, F., Flaudias, V., Izaute, M., & Brousse, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.790704 · Cited by 20
Ieva, K. P., Beasley, J. J., & Steen, S. (2021) · Teaching and Supervision in Counseling · doi:10.7290/tsc030207 · Cited by 21
Effectiveness of Digital Mental Health Interventions for Children and Adolescents
Fernández‐Batanero, J. M., Cerero, J. F., Rueda, M. M., & Fernández-Cerero, D. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12030353 · Cited by 22
The impact of COVID-19 on students’ anxiety and its clarification: a systematic review
Wu, J., Kuan, G., Lou, H., Hu, X., Masri, M. N., Sabo, A., & Kueh, Y. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134703 · Cited by 19
“Compared with adults, they are more susceptible to the adverse effects of distance learning due to their lack of experience in time management (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundAdu, K. O., Badaru, K. A., Duku, N., & Adu, E. O. (2022) · Research in Social Sciences and Technology · doi:10.46303/ressat.2022.5 · Cited by 19
Adolescents’ mental health status and influential factors amid the Coronavirus Disease pandemic
Angelina, S., Kurniawan, A., Agung, F. H., Halim, D. A., Wijovi, F., Jodhinata, C., Evangelista, N. N., Agatha, C. M., Orlin, S., & Hamdoyo, A. (2021) · Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100903 · Cited by 19
Osawa, I., Goto, T., Tabuchi, T., Koga, H. K., & Tsugawa, Y. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054862 · Cited by 21
Mata, C., Onofre, M., Costa, J., Ramos, M., Marques, A., & Martins, J. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132313051 · Cited by 21
A Review of Different Vaccines and Strategies to Combat COVID-19
Sabitha, S., Shobana, N., Prakash, P., Padmanaban, S., Sathiyasree, M., Saigeetha, S., Chakravarthi, S., Uthaman, S., Park, I., & Samrot, A. V. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10050737 · Cited by 29
“Apart from affecting people’s physical health, the pandemic also significantly impacted their mental health, education, economic status, and lifestyle [32,33].”
BackgroundWendel, F., Bender, S., Breitinger, E., Coenen, M., Hummel, J., Immich, G., Kirschneck, M., Klünder, V., Kunzler, A. M., Lieb, K., et al. (2024) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-023-02280-y · Cited by 19
Children’s outdoor movement education : position statement
Tortella, P., Ceciliani, A., Fumagalli, G. F., B, J., Wainwright, N., Fjoertoft, I., H, S., M, H., Sgrò, F., Lipoma, M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Physical Education and Sport · doi:10.7752/jpes.2021.s1046 · Cited by 19
“Indeed, data indicate that physical activity and sport promote physical and mental health, and when done outdoors (walking, biking, orienteering, etc.) they also decrease levels of anxiety and boredom and feelings of loneliness (Sunhee Park et al., 2020).”
BackgroundThe impact of COVID-19 lockdown on children and adolescents and possible solutions: a perspective
Kumar, N., Ramphul, K., Mejias, S. G., Lohana, P. J. D., Verma, R., Ramphul, Y., & Sonaye, R. (2021) · Archives of Medical Science - Atherosclerotic Diseases · doi:10.5114/amsad.2021.107811 · Cited by 19
“In considering the use of antidepressants among children and adolescents to deal with the mental distress of lockdown, the risks and benefits should be carefully weighed [8].”
BackgroundGlobal Research Trends in Pediatric COVID-19: A Bibliometric Analysis
Hu, S., Wang, X., Ma, Y., & Cheng, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.798005 · Cited by 19
Căliman-Sturdza, O. A., Gheorghita, R. E., & Lobiuc, A. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15030439 · Cited by 32
“They may be separated from their classmates or be unable to participate in group activities [244].”
Warschburger, P., Kamrath, C., Lanzinger, S., Sengler, C., Wiegand, S., Göldel, J. M., Blüher, S., Holl, R. W., & Minden, K. (2023) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-023-03912-7 · Cited by 17
Carbó, A. G., Bloch, E. A., Balaguer-Martínez, J. V., Pérez-Porcuna, T. M., Esteller-Carceller, M., Garcia, P. Á., & Gimeno, E. F. (2021) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2021.08.008 · Cited by 20
Yadav, S. S., Saoji, A. A., Somanadhapai, S., Yadav, N. L., Upadhyay, J., Rishi, N. N., & Thapa, R. (2024) · Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100897 · Cited by 21
“[ 15] Yoga, a mind-body technique, has been used extensively for its health benefits and therapeutic applications in recent times [16,17].”
BackgroundMarotta, C., Nacareia, U., Estevez, A. S., Tognon, F., Genna, G. D., Meneghi, G. D., Occa, E., Ramirez, L., Lazzari, M., Gennaro, F. D., et al. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9030321 · Cited by 18
“Containment measures, such as lockdowns, the closure of schools and physical distancing, pose many challenges, including interruptions to education and daily routines, increasing levels of domestic violence, stress and mental health issues [7].”
BackgroundAdverse Childhood Experiences and COVID-19 Stress on Changes in Mental Health among Young Adults
Alradhi, M. A., Moore, J., Patte, K. A., O’Leary, D. D., & Wade, T. J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912874 · Cited by 18
Yamaoka, Y., Isumi, A., Doi, S. K., & Fujiwara, T. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413404 · Cited by 19
“Several studies have reported that these circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic are having a negative impact on mental health in the general population [12,13], including children [14,15].”
Pandemic risk management using engineering safety principles
Alauddin, M., Khan, F. I., Imtiaz, S. A., Ahmed, S., & Amyotte, P. R. (2021) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2021.04.014 · Cited by 18
Mindfulness supports emotional resilience in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Treves, I. N., Li, C. E., Wang, K. L., Ozernov-Palchik, O., Olson, H. A., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278501 · Cited by 19
Zhang, L., Cui, Z., Sasser, J., Carvalho, C., & Oshri, A. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105390 · Cited by 19
Leenaerts, N., Vaessen, T., Ceccarini, J., & Vrieze, E. (2021) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101505 · Cited by 18
“Moreover, several studies found that this impact could be greater in patients with an eating disorder (Fernández-Aranda et al., 2020; Pieh et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundDembiński, Ł., Martins, M. V., Huss, G., Grossman, Z., Barak, S., Magendie, C., del Torso, S., Dornbusch, H. J., Mazur, A., Albrecht, K., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.721257 · Cited by 18
Duong, C. B., Tran, V. N., Nguyen, H. A., Le, T. N., Ha, B. H., Phuc, C. N., Huynh, K., Le, T. M., Nguyen, T. P., & Nguyen, T. T. H. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15317-3 · Cited by 18
Schooling upheaval during COVID-19: troubling consequences for students’ return to school
Fray, L., Jaremus, F., Gore, J. M., & Harris, J. (2022) · The Australian Educational Researcher · doi:10.1007/s13384-022-00572-x · Cited by 17
Pustake, M. V., Mane, S. S., Ganiyani, M. A., Mukherjee, S., Sayed, M., Mithbavkar, V., Memon, Z., Momin, A. S., Deshmukh, K., Chordia, A., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058609 · Cited by 19
Bhattacharya, S., Aggarwal, P., Bera, O. P., Saleem, S. M., Shikha, D., Vallabh, V., Juyal, R., & Singh, A. (2021) · Journal of Public Health Research · doi:10.4081/jphr.2021.2673 · Cited by 19
Ahmed, S., Hanif, A., Khaliq, I., Ayub, S., Saboor, S., Shoib, S., Jawad, M. Y., Arain, F., Anwar, A., Ullah, I., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/20473869.2022.2066248 · Cited by 17
“It is also expected that the pandemic may have long-term implications in children (Singh et al. 2020).”
BackgroundAhmed, S. T., Konjengbam Dollar, S., Basha, S. M., Nasr, E. A., Kamrani, A. Κ., & Aboudaif, M. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.781827 · Cited by 17
Marie, R., Journault, A., Cernik, R., Welch, P., LUPIEN, S. J., McDERMOTT, B. M., Moxon, J. V., & Sarnyai, Z. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19074407 · Cited by 18
“The absence of a structured school setting, disruption of routine, reduced social interactions, and general uncertainty may have psychological implications [13].”
BackgroundNursing children and young people
Omughelli, D., Gordon, N., & Aljaber, T. (2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108980944.010 · Cited by 17
Camilleri, C., Fogle, C. S., O'Brien, K. G., & Sammut, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.801859 · Cited by 17
PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: indicadores do impacto na saúde mental de adolescentes
Binotto, B. T., Goulart, C. M. T., & Pureza, J. D. R. (2021) · Psicologia e Saúde em Debate · doi:10.22289/2446-922x.v7n2a13 · Cited by 19
Rasmitadila, R., Rachmadtullah, R., Samsudin, A., Nurtanto, M., & Jauhari, M. N. (2023) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2023.2213612 · Cited by 17
“To avoid learning loss, the teacher visits students’ homes, assists with subject matter and behaviour, and discusses with parents (S. Singh et al., 2020; Tokatly Latzer et al., 2021).”
BackgroundBenassi, E., Bello, A., Camia, M., & Scorza, M. (2021) · European Journal of Special Needs Education · doi:10.1080/08856257.2021.1940005 · Cited by 17
Students Learning About Science by Investigating an Unfolding Pandemic
Matuk, C. F., Martin, R., Vasudevan, V., Burgas, K., Chaloner, K., Davidesco, I., Sadhukha, S., Shevchenko, Y., Bumbacher, E. W., & Dikker, S. (2021) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584211054850 · Cited by 17
“For example, isolation from teachers and peers and from an active learning environment has increased teenagers’ mental health issues including anxiety and depression (Loades et al., 2020; Miller, 2021; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundXu, H., Pei, Y., Yong, Z., Liu, X., & Wang, W. (2023) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1265/ehpm.22-00249 · Cited by 19
“Previous researches have shown that many college students who lack the experience, analytical and predictive ability to deal with emergencies are more prone to depressive symptoms [2, 3].”
BackgroundGatta, M., Raffagnato, A., Mason, F., Fasolato, R., Traverso, A., Zanato, S., & Miscioscia, M. (2022) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-022-01213-w · Cited by 17
Śliż, D., Wiecha, S., Gąsior, J. S., Kasiak, P. S., Ulaszewska, K., Lewandowski, M., Barylski, M., & Mamcarz, A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12083002 · Cited by 17
“The lockdown measures implemented to slow the spread of the virus have also greatly affected people’s lifestyles, activities, and mental health [4].”
BackgroundMazzoni, N., Bentenuto, A., Filosofi, F., Tardivo, A., Strathearn, L., Zarei, K., de Falco, S., Venuti, P., Iandolo, G., & Giannotti, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010499 · Cited by 17
“This could plausibly be due to abrupt routine changes derived from COVID-19 restrictions that resulted in decreased social and professional services and produced more frequent child externalizing behaviors [77,78], which in turn increased the parents’ psychological distress via parental stress.”
BackgroundThe Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Disease Severity and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease
Saluja, A., Parihar, J., Garg, D., & Dhamija, R. K. (2021) · Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · doi:10.4103/aian.aian_1240_20 · Cited by 17
“Prolonged home confinement due to the lockdown has resulted in an air of uncertainty, anxiety, stress, hopelessness.[18] There are studies that have shown that quarantine and short‐term lockdowns can lead to increased incidence of anxiety, mood disturbances particularly depression, insomnia and posttraumatic stress sy…”
BackgroundAlmutawa, N., & Al-Mutairi, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.801002 · Cited by 18
Ueno, C., & Yamamoto, S. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.21307/sjcapp-2022-001 · Cited by 19
“Thus, children likely both feared infection and experienced distress due to experiencing unstructured days, frustration, boredom (12-15), and isolation (15) for longer periods than during regular annual school closures.”
BackgroundMonitoring Cyber SentiHate Social Behavior During COVID-19 Pandemic in North America
Alzamzami, F., & Saddik, A. E. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3088410 · Cited by 17
Defense mechanism responses to COVID-19
Altwaijri, N. A., Abualait, T., Aljumaan, M. A., Albaradie, R., Arain, Z., & Bashir, S. (2022) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.12811 · Cited by 16
“Increased irritability, inattention, and clinginess have been observed in children of all age groups (Singh et al., 2020; Viner et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCaldwell, J., Delaye, A., ESPOSITO, T., Petti, T., Black, T. L., Fallon, B., & Trocmé, N. (2020) · Developmental Child Welfare · doi:10.1177/2516103220968842 · Cited by 16
Predicting Next Call Duration: A Future Direction to Promote Mental Health in the Age of Lockdown
Vhaduri, S., Dibbo, S. V., Chen, C.-Y., & Poellabauer, C. (2021) · IEEE Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) · doi:10.1109/compsac51774.2021.00113 · Cited by 17
“Evidence has shown that the lockdown measures have lowered mental health substantially [6] [12].”
BackgroundThe role of social and emotional skills on adolescents’ life satisfaction and academic performance
Salas, P. A., & Martín, F. D. F. (2024) · Psychology Society & Education · doi:10.21071/pse.v16i1.16625 · Cited by 36
“…traditional face-to-face instruction, the adjustment to online and distance learning, and the cancellation of extracurricular activities have affected to students, leading to a decline in physical and mental health, social skills, and academic performance (Gao et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundHowes, S. T., Gorey, K. M., & Charron, C. (2021) · Australian Social Work · doi:10.1080/0312407x.2021.2001832 · Cited by 15
“Such developing mental health problems have become much more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic (Creswell et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2020) and e ff ective work with such young people with preclinical or prodromal mental health problems o ff ers preventive potential.”
BackgroundChantasrisawad, N., Puthanakit, T., Tangsathapornpong, A., Techasaensiri, C., Phongsamart, W., Suwanpakdee, D., Jaru-Ampornpan, P., Sophonphan, J., Suntarattiwong, P., & Chotpitayasunondh, T. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10060871 · Cited by 15
“Additionally, the pandemic significantly disrupted learning and caused a deterioration in the mental health of adolescents during school closure and COVID-19 lockdown [7,8].”
Background#COVID#BACKTOSCHOOL: Qualitative study based on the voice of Portuguese adolescents
Branquinho, C., Santos, A. C., Ramiro, L., & de Matos, M. G. (2021) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22670 · Cited by 16
“The COVID‐19 confinement has affected AYA's mental and physical health, emotional wellbeing (Branquinho et al., 2020a), educational development, nutrition, increased exposure to being bullied or abused (UNICEF, 2020b) and less opportunities to report abusive situations at home (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundZegarra-López, A., Santisteban, B. F., Romero, J. F., Tenorio, A. L. D., & Ames, A. P. C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192114240 · Cited by 15
“Several studies report the prevalence of mental health conditions, mainly depression, anxiety, and stress [3,4].”
BackgroundKang, M., Yang, Y., Kim, H., Jung, S., Jin, H., & Choi, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1330207 · Cited by 20
Google searches for bruxism, teeth grinding, and teeth clenching during the COVID-19 pandemic
Kardeş, E., & Kardeş, S. (2021) · Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie · doi:10.1007/s00056-021-00315-0 · Cited by 16
Braksiek, M., Lindemann, U., & Pahmeier, I. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148274 · Cited by 20
Guo, Z., Zhang, Y., & Liu, Q. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1040676 · Cited by 17
McGuine, T. A., Biese, K. M., Hetzel, S., Schwarz, A., Reardon, C. L., Bell, D. R., Brooks, A., Dickman, J., & Watson, A. M. (2022) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0679.21 · Cited by 17
Technology Dependency and Impact During COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review and Open Challenges
Norman, A. A., Marzuki, A. H., Fatokun, F. B., Hamid, S. B., Ghani, N. B. A., Ravana, S. D., & Arshad, N. I. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3250770 · Cited by 20
Długosz, P., Liszka, D., Bastrakova, A., & Yuzva, L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610074 · Cited by 26
Sullivan, E., Geierstanger, S. P., & Soleimanpour, S. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.11.003 · Cited by 16
Werling, A. M., Walitza, S., D, S. E. M., & Drechsler, R. (2022) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-022-02512-6 · Cited by 16
Kwaning, K. M., Ullah, A., Biely, C., JACKSON, N. J., Dosanjh, K. K., Galvez, A., Arellano, G., & Dudovitz, R. (2023) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.12.005 · Cited by 16
“Therefore, communication from teachers and other school staff may play a vital role in promoting mental health and healthy coping skills and discouraging involvement in risky adolescent behaviors [6].”
BackgroundMianowska, B., Fedorczak, A., Michalak, A., Pokora, W., Barańska-Nowicka, I., Wilczyńska, M., & Szadkowska, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168527 · Cited by 15
“The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is also a potential source of stressors and may cause psychological distress [7,8].”
BackgroundJames, M., Jones, H., Baig, A., Marchant, E., Waites, T., Todd, C., Hughes, K. E., & Brophy, S. T. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260640 · Cited by 21
Ramirez, D., Rufino, K. A., Rech, M., Poa, E., & Patriquin, M. A. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114758 · Cited by 17
Paternal Postnatal Depression During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Health Care Providers
Yazdanpanahi, Z., Vizheh, M., Azizi, M., & Hajifoghaha, M. (2022) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/21501319221110421 · Cited by 16
Pelham, W., Tapert, S., Gonzalez, M., Guillaume, M., Dick, A., Sheth, C., Baker, F., Baskin-Sommers, A., Marshall, A., Lisdahl, K., et al. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00896-9 · Cited by 11
“Moreover, many studies have documented pandemic-related increases in depression, anxiety, and other mental health difficulties among adolescents (Racine et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundLiu, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.902456 · Cited by 16
Green, K. H., Becht, A., van de Groep, S., van der Cruijsen, R., Sweijen, S., & Crone, E. A. (2023) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12674 · Cited by 19
Implementation of Telehealth Services in Rural Schools: A Qualitative Assessment
Fox, K. S., Burgess, A. R., Williamson, M. E., et al. (2021) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.13104 · Cited by 15
Parenting Stress During COVID-19 Lockdown: Correlates with Family and Child Factors
Li, G., Tan, T. X., & Wang, P. (2022) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x221106719 · Cited by 16
“From a research perspective, the sudden, harsh, prolonged, and wideranging lockdown policy created a unique situation to understand how people’s mental health would be affected by these measures (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundEffects of Social Media Use on Adolescent Psychological Well-Being: A Systematic Literature Review
Dharejo, N., Alivi, M. A., Rahamad, M. S., Jiaqing, X., & Brony, M. (2023) · International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) · doi:10.3991/ijim.v17i20.44663 · Cited by 15
Hoefnagels, J. W., Schoen, A. B., van der Laan, S. E. I., Rodijk, L. H., van der Ent, C. K., van de Putte, E. M., Dalmeijer, G. W., & Nijhof, S. L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052953 · Cited by 15
Ramírez, S., Aldunate, M. P., Arriagada, C., Bueno, M., Cuevas, F., González, X., Araya, R., & Gaete, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.647456 · Cited by 17
Ma, C., Jiang, L., Chu, L.-T., Zhang, C.-C., Tian, Y., Chen, J., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1032244 · Cited by 16
“It has been recommended that more time and attention should be devoted on younger children compared with adolescents, during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundImpact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Health of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
Beal, J. A. (2021) · MCN The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing · doi:10.1097/nmc.0000000000000726 · Cited by 15
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Case Report: Parental Loss and Childhood Grief During COVID-19 Pandemic
Santos, S., Sá, T., Aguiar, I. G., Cardoso, I., Correia, Z., & Correia, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626940 · Cited by 22
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“There is mounting evidence of its significant implications for mental health both in the present and in the foreseeable future (for review: Salari et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundPace, C., Rogier, G., & Muzi, S. (2022) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12866 · Cited by 13
“…(Tedeschi et al., 1998), at this stage a central issue is understanding the transitory (vs. permanent) nature of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns and consequences on adolescents’ mental health, overcoming the exclusive documentation of short-term adverse effects (Singh et al., 2020).”
Joys or Sorrows of Parenting During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Scoping Review
Fadda, M., Melotto, M., Zufferey, M. C., Puhan, M. A., Frei, A. L., Albanese, E., & Camerini, A.-L. (2023) · Public health reviews · doi:10.3389/phrs.2022.1605263 · Cited by 14
Assessing medical students’ perception and educational experience during COVID-19 pandemic
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“In addition, such educational shift has created a stressful learning environment for both the faculty and students [15] and may have negative impacts on mental well-being.”
BackgroundFactors Associated With Depression and Anxiety in Korean Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kim, H., Jhon, M., Kim, J., Kang, H., Ryu, S., Kim, J., Lee, J. Y., & Kim, S. (2022) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2021.0365 · Cited by 14
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“These stressors not only threaten to inhibit learning abilities, but also increase stress, depression, and anxiety, which further harm students’ overall well-being (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundIslamic Mental Health Education for Adolescents in the Digital Era
Rosmalina, A., Elrahman, H., Handayani, H. T., & Affendi, H. (2023) · International Journal of Educational Qualitative Quantitative Research · doi:10.58418/ijeqqr.v2i1.39 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, S., Roy, D., Sinha, K., Parveen, S., Sharma, G., & Joshi, G.
- Affiliations
- King George's Medical University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Roy, Deblina
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 293
- Pages
- 113429
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7444649
- OpenAlex
- W3081076087
- Semantic Scholar
- c8e4a5b89bc2fbf62e5cebcff9fb6ec0e9fc80a7
- Cited by
- 1,727
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 234 · 2023: 377 · 2022: 515 · 2021: 406 · 2020: 28
- FWCI
- 26.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown, child mental health, adolescent mental health, quarantine, parental separation, economic hardship, school students, pre-existing mental health conditions, coping strategies, mental health support services
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Mental Health Services, Parents, Pneumonia, Viral, Psychiatry, Quarantine, Risk Factors, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
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Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
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