The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 29 of the 60 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations
Open accessAbstract
This narrative review summarizes research and advisories about how COVID-19 and lockdown affected the mental health of children and adolescents. It concludes that the pandemic created short- and long-term psychosocial and mental health impacts, especially for vulnerable groups, and calls for evidence-based action plans.
Overview
Integrity signals
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Claims the paper makes
25 Own interpretation · 15 Sources not found · 14 Partly supported · 14 No basis given · 8 Own method · 5 Couldn’t confirm · 3 Supported · 3 No full text of the sources · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Based on the questionnaires completed by the parents, findings reveal that children felt uncertain, fearful and isolated during current times.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section (page not provided) says parents completed the questionnaire and reports fear among the children's behavioral and emotional problems. It also describes children experiencing uncertainty and physical and social isolation, but does not identify those as findings from the parent-completed questionnaires. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children and adolescents (Shen et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Introduction
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Shen et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Clinical manifestations section says pediatric COVID-19 symptoms were generally milder than adults’ and that most infected children recovered within 1–2 weeks. The Psychotherapy section mentions possible fear or psychological disorders in older children, but neither section addresses whether the pandemic may have greater long-term adverse consequences for children and adolescents than for adults (searched: long-term adverse consequences and long-term psychological impacts). (LLM, conf=0.76)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Some children have expressed lower levels of affect for not being able to play outdoors, not meeting friends and not engaging in the in-person school activities (Lee, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Zhai and Du, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports that school closures disrupted routines and that some young people with existing mental health needs said their conditions worsened. It does not report children expressing lower affect specifically because they could not play outdoors, meet friends, or take part in in-person school activities. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Partly supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Comment section says quarantine might adversely affect children’s mental health and that companionship is important to their wellbeing. It does not report children expressing lower affect or link that response to being unable to play outdoors, meet friends, or attend school in person. (LLM, conf=0.78)
- Could not verifycites Zhai and Du, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses fear, discrimination, and isolation among international Chinese students and says these may lead to stress, anxiety, and fear. It does not address children’s affect or link it to being unable to play outdoors, meet friends, or attend in-person school activities; a search for those activities found no matching passage. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The home confinement of children and adolescents is associated with uncertainty and anxiety which is attributable to disruption in their education, physical activities and opportunities for socialization (Jiao et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The ‘Early Investigation’ section describes children experiencing uncertainty, isolation and prolonged absence from school during the epidemic. ‘Psychological distress in Children Exposed to Adverse Events’ says enforced isolation and school closure limit contact with classmates and physical activity, and identifies anxiety as a response to adverse events. Neither passage establishes that disruptions to education, activity and socialization specifically caused the uncertainty and anxiety claimed. (LLM, conf=0.82)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed on them can have a long term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section links school closures and social distancing to disrupted routines, isolation, and worsening symptoms in some children. It also says the long-term mental-health effects on children are not well known and calls for further study; it does not establish that restricted movement itself causes long-term harm to children's overall psychological wellbeing. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Although quarantining measures are for the benefit of the community at large, its psychological effects cannot be ignored (Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
The opening passage says quarantine slowed COVID-19 transmission, while the Comment section warns that it might have adverse psychological effects on quarantined children. The paper therefore supports the citing sentence’s point, with its discussion focused on children. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Quarantine measures benefit the community at large.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A study found that older adolescents and youth are anxious regarding cancellation of examinations, exchange programs and academic events (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports exam-related stress among a 17-year-old candidate and stress among college and university students over cancelled exchange studies and graduation ceremonies. But Lee’s article is a feature reporting a poll and students’ accounts, not a study that itself found all of these effects; the exam account concerns postponement and uncertainty rather than cancellation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Unfortunately, the nationwide closures of schools and colleges have negatively impacted over 91% of the world's student population (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports that, as of April 8, 2020, schools were suspended nationwide in 188 countries and over 90% of enrolled learners worldwide were out of education. That supports a widespread negative educational impact, but it does not establish the claim’s more specific figure of over 91%. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The majority of the studies included in the review were based on online self-reports(Bhat et al., 2020; Jiao et al., 2020; Oosterhoff et al., 2020b).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Critical appraisal of the studies included
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Bhat et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses Indian teachers’ experiences during COVID-19, while the References section lists sources on the outbreak and teacher morale. Neither reports how studies in the citing review collected data. Searches for online self-reports and the review-studies claim found no relevant passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Early Investigation of Chinese Children's Behavioral and Emotional Reactions to COVID-19,” Jiao et al. describe an online questionnaire, supporting the online-reporting part. They say parents completed it, however, and do not establish that most studies in the citing review used online self-reports. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not matchedcites Oosterhoff et al., 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The adults and older children were the respondents of the study(Lee, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Viner et al., 2020b; Wang et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Critical appraisal of the studies included
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports a YoungMinds survey of 2,111 participants up to age 25 and a poll of 757 university-entrance candidates, supporting that older children or young people were respondents. It does not establish that adults responded, and Lee’s article reports these surveys rather than conducting a study with its own respondents. (LLM, conf=0.81)
- Could not verifycites Liu et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Comment section discusses children’s mental health during quarantine and proposes support measures, but does not identify respondents in a study. Searches for respondents, participants, and adults or older children as study subjects found no passage establishing the claimed respondent groups (page not available). (LLM, conf=0.75)
- Not matchedcites Viner et al., 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
- It may state two separate claims as one. 36
- Probably not a substantial claim. 18
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“During stress, parents particularly pregnant mothers are in a psychologically vulnerable state to experience anxiety and depression which is biologically linked to the wellbeing of the foetus (Biaggi et al., 2016; Kinsella and Monk, 2009).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Biaggi et al., 2016 source
The Results section (‘Adverse events in life and perceived stress’; page not provided) says that high perceived stress during pregnancy contributes to antenatal depression and that stressful events can trigger anxiety symptoms. The Introduction (page not provided) describes possible biological pathways linking maternal stress to foetal development, including cortisol crossing the placenta. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Partly supportedcites Kinsella and Monk, 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page not available) links maternal stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy to fetal development, and the Physiological Pathways section discusses possible biological routes for that influence. The paper does not establish that stress makes pregnant women more vulnerable to anxiety or depression, and it does not address parents generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It was also shown that children experienced disturbed sleep, nightmares, poor appetite, agitation, inattention and separation related anxiety (Jiao et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section reports inattention, irritability and clinginess among children in the preliminary Shaanxi study. It lists poor sleep and nightmares, poor appetite, agitation and separation problems as conditions the questionnaire investigated, but does not report that children experienced every condition on that list. The Conclusions also advise parents to watch for sleep difficulties and nightmares. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Current studies related to COVID-19 demonstrate that school shut downs in isolation prevent about 2-4% additional deaths which is quite less if compared to usage of other measures of social distancing.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section discusses school closures and their effects on young people’s mental health, but does not estimate deaths prevented. Searches for the 2–4% figure and for a comparison with other social-distancing measures found no supporting passage in our copy; no page number was provided. (LLM, conf=0.76)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“For instance, in India, which has the largest child population in the world with 472 million children, the lockdown has significantly impacted 40 million children from poor families. These include children working on farms, fields in rural areas, children of migrants and street children (Dalton et al., 2020; Rosenthal et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses the pandemic’s effects on children generally, but does not address India or children from poor families. Searches for the 472 million and 40 million figures, and for migrant, farm-working, and street children, found no matching passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
- Could not verifycites Rosenthal et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (page unavailable) discusses COVID-19’s effects on children living in temporary accommodation in the UK. Searches for the India population figures and for farm workers, migrants’ children, and street children found no passage addressing the India-specific claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“To cater to these challenges, it is difficult for parents to handle the challenged children and adolescents on their own, as they lack professional expertise and they mostly relied on schools and therapists to help them out (Dalton et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (page not available) discusses changes to children’s routines and social infrastructure, and how adults can respond to children’s distress. Searches for special needs, parental professional expertise, schools, and therapists found no passage addressing the claimed difficulty of caring for these children without that support. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The children may develop feelings of sadness, anxiety, fear of death, fear of parents’ death and fear of being isolated in the hospital which may have a very detrimental effect on their psychological development”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites APA, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the main text (page not provided), Dalton et al. describe children’s anxiety, upset, and possible sad responses, and warn of long-term psychological effects of the pandemic. The paper does not identify fear of death, fear of a parent’s death, or fear of hospital isolation, nor does it specifically link those fears to impaired psychological development. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“By the reason of displacement, the frustration and family conflict may manifest itself in the form of violence towards children. This can make the child more vulnerable to depression, anxiety and suicide (Jiao et al., 2020; Petito et al., 2020; Solantaus et al., 2020)”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The section “Psychological distress in Children Exposed to Adverse Events” reports anxiety and depression as common manifestations of psychological stress in children. It does not link displacement or family conflict to violence toward children, or discuss suicide; searches for those terms found no supporting passage. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Petito et al., 2020 source
- Not matchedcites Solantaus et al., 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“With the closure of special schools and day care centres these children lack access to resource material, peer group interactions and opportunities of learning and developing important social and behavioural skills in due time may lead to regression to the past behavior as they lose anchor in life, as a result of this their symptoms could relapse (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It is found that separation from the primary caregivers can make a child more vulnerable and can pose a threat to a child's mental health (Cooper, 2020; Jiao et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cooper, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section lists “separation problems” among the psychological conditions investigated, and the resilience section says family support can help children recover from distress. Neither section says that separation from primary caregivers makes children more vulnerable or threatens their mental health; that specific link is not established in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
The Comment (page not provided) says that separation from caregivers can put children in a state of crisis and might increase their risk of psychiatric disorders. It also says children separated from caregivers might be more susceptible to mental health problems. These passages support the citing sentence's qualified claim. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“It has been reported that panic buying in times of distress indicate an instinctual survival behaviour (Arafat et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Arafat et al., 2020 source
In the main text, the paper links crisis behaviour to primitive instincts and behaviours necessary for survival. Its summary names the basic primitive response of humans among the proposed factors behind panic buying. The citing sentence is a fair paraphrase of that proposed explanation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Although prior to the pandemic, these children had been facing difficulties even while attending special schools, but in due course they had learnt to develop a schedule to adhere to for most of the time of the day”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites APA, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Cortese et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper’s main text discusses difficulties for students with ADHD during the COVID-19 crisis and mentions disruption of daily routines. It does not address whether children had difficulty attending special schools before the pandemic or had learned to follow a daily schedule. Searches for special schools and pre-pandemic schedules found no passage supporting those points. (LLM, conf=0.74)
- Not matchedcites UNICEF, 2020a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Children have emotionally pent up feelings of distress which may turn inwards into emotional fear or outwards towards acting out behavior (Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
In the passage headed “We declare no competing interests” (page not given), the copy says children’s anxiety can appear as acting out rather than tearful or worried responses. A nearby passage says children may avoid sharing concerns and cope with difficult feelings alone. Together, these support the paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They have intolerance for uncertainty and there is an aggravation in the symptoms due to the enforced restrictions and unfriendly environment which does not correspond with their regular routine.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the incidents of infection in the minors have been reported worldwide, which result in children being quarantined.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A study pointed out that in underprivileged families, in comparison to boys, girls have decreased access to gadgets, this may diminish their involvement in digital platforms of education (McQuillan and Neill, 2009).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McQuillan and Neill, 2009 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to cover up the loss of education during lockdown, many schools have offered distance learning or online courses to students.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The children with autism find it very difficult to adapt to the changing environment. They become agitated and exasperated when anything is rearranged or shifted from its existing setup. They might show an increase in their behavioral problems and acts of self-harm.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the time of lockdown an increasing number of poor families have no source of daily wages which lead to frustration and feelings of helplessness.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is also found that among youth social distancing is viewed primarily as a social responsibility and it is followed more sincerely if motivated by prosocial reasons to prevent others from getting sick (Oosterhoff et al., 2020a).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Oosterhoff et al., 2020a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These conditions also trigger outburst of temper tantrums, and conflict between parents and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, they face difficulties in following instructions, understanding the complexity of the pandemic situation and doing their own work independently.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In developing countries, with the imposed lockdown, the underprivileged children face acute deprivation of nutrition and overall protection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These children have become more clingy, attention seeking and more dependent on their parents due to the long term shift in their routine.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies show that young children show more clinginess, disturbed sleep, nightmares, poor appetite, inattentiveness, and significant separation problems.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The nature and extent of impact on this age group depend on many vulnerability factors such as the developmental age, current educational status, having special needs, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically under privileged and child/ parent being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Abstract > Background
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from the reviewed studies can be generalized to children and adolescents across different countries and settings.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As during the formative years of life, the role of parents is very crucial, any disruption in the form of isolation from parents can have long term effects of perceived attachment of the child.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children with OCD are suspected to be one of the most affected ones by this pandemic. Due to obsessions and compulsions related to contamination, hoarding, and somatic preoccupation, they are expected to experience heightened distress.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An increasing number of poor and street children now have no source of income, making them a high risk population to face abuse and mental health issues with greater vulnerability and exposure to unfavorable economic, social and environmental circumstances (Birla, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Birla, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“There are about 1 in every 6 children within the age group of 2-8 years who have some or the other neurodevelopmental, behavioural or emotional difficulty (CDC, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“COVID-19 infection is expressed differently in children and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Further, due to prolonged confinement at home children's increased use of internet and social media predisposes them to use internet compulsively, access objectionable content and also increases their vulnerability for getting bullied or abused (Cooper, 2020; UNICEF, 2020b).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cooper, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites UNICEF, 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this opportunity is not available to underprivileged children as a result of which they face a lack of stimulation and have no access to online resource material to study.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pandemic and lockdown world has experienced global economic turn-down which has directly worsened the pre-existing social inequality.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Absence of structured setting of the school for a long duration result in disruption in routine, boredom and lack of innovative ideas for engaging in various academic and extracurricular activities.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) among the children and adolescents is estimated to be of 0.25%–4% among children and adolescents (CDC, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to strict selection criteria and the short period of data collection and the only use of electronic databases for our research, there is a possibility of missing studies relevant to the care of children and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Economically underprivileged children are particularly prone to exploitation and abuse.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The children prone to risk for trauma and heightened anxiety.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Advisories of international organizations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Being a narrative review, we did not attempt computation of effect sizes or do a risk of bias assessment for included papers.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence a pediatrician's role is paramount in promoting mental health, developing resilience, recognizing mental health problems, and coordinate with the mental health care providers when it comes to mental health care of children.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Role of pediatricians
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strategies reported in the studies were isolated to geopolitical conditions.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present times when most schools and colleges are organizing online academic activities, teachers are in regular touch with students, and therefore are in a position to play a critical role in the promotion of psychological well being among youngsters.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Role of school teachers/school counselors
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The searches were done by five independent reviewers.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three independent authors participated in study selection and all authors reached a consensus on the studies to be included.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In our review, we were unable to track the measures of management targeted towards the children.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children and adolescents with mental health conditions are not used to variation in the environment. Hence there could be an exacerbation in symptoms and behavioral problems.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The articles and advisories collected for this review are sufficient to support its conclusions about children and adolescents during COVID-19.
“We conducted a review and collected articles and advisories on mental health aspects of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from the reviewed studies can be generalized to children and adolescents across different countries and settings.
“The following sections discuss about findings of studies on mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns being implemented at national or regional levels to prevent further spread of infection.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The pandemic and lockdown measures, rather than other concurrent factors, are a major cause of the mental health impacts described.
“COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Digital and online mental health support can effectively reach and benefit children and adolescents during the pandemic.
“For this innovative child and adolescent mental health policies policies with direct and digital collaborative networks of psychiatrists, psychologists, paediatricians, and community volunteers are deemed necessary.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Quarantine measures benefit the community at large.
“Although quarantining measures are for the benefit of the community at large, its psychological effects cannot be ignored (Liu et al., 2020).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Younger children require more parental attention than adolescents and need physical presence and indoor play with parents.
“Compared to adolescents, younger children demand more attention of their parents They need their parents’ physical presence and need to engage in more indoor play related activities with them.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Internet surfing related to COVID-19 causes anxiety.
“Excessive internet use e.g. internet surfing related to COVID-19 should be avoided as it results in anxiety.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Adolescents are enthusiastic and prone to risk-taking, so some may feel invincible and disregard distancing and hygiene rules.
“Adolescence is a phase of enthusiasm and risk-taking, hence some may feel invincible and try not to follow guidelines related to distancing and personal hygiene.”
The paper relies on this without support.
For children, parents serve as the strongest role models, and home is the primary setting for acquiring life skills.
“Parents are the best ‘role model’ for children and home is practically the best place to learn the ‘life skills’.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is a shortage of mental health care workers in most developing countries.
“Since there is a dearth of mental health care workers in most developing countries.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Traditional pre-COVID-19 models and policies for child and adolescent mental health are no longer applicable during the COVID-19 era.
“It has been recognized by the world that the traditional pre-COVID-19 models and policies for children and adolescents' mental health are no longer applicable during COVID 19 era.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In general, most of the included studies comprised online group sessions where direct personal interaction was enabled to provide group experiences and social learning that were hindered by contact restrictions [1, 2].”
From Interventions to build resilience and to ameliorate negative psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Greater academic pressure, decreased social interaction and physical activity caused by lockdown, and the perceived uncertainties of the COVID-19 have all increased the possibility of anxiety and depression among undergraduate nursing students (48, 49).”
From Mindfulness-based online intervention on mental health among undergraduate nursing students during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Beijing, China: A randomized controlled trial (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The psychosocial health of children and adolescents has been particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.”
In the citing paper
“During the Covid-19 pandemic, especially during the lockdown, social distancing measures and the associated disruption of everyday activities and social contacts threatened the mental health of adolescents (6, 68).”
From Digital Media Use and Adolescents' Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“Only articles in English language peer reviewed journals were included.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“We included case studies and review articles and Advisories by the WHO (World Health Organization), APA (American Psychiatric Association) and NHS (National Health Services) and Government of India Ministry of Health.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Declaration of Competing Interest
“All the authors confirm that, all of them has contributed in the conception of design; analysis, interpretation of data; drafting the article; critically revisiting the article for important intellectual inputs; and approval of the final version.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > CRediT authorship contribution statement
“Sheeba Parveen: Visualization, Investigation.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
“the only use of electronic databases for our research”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“A manual search was also conducted of the references of the related articles to gather information about the relevant studies.”
Citations
Cites
Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 · Cited by 5,715
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens
Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Lu, R., Han, K., Wu, G., & Tan, W. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3786 · Cited by 5,116
Sahu, P. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.7541 · Cited by 2,353 · cited 1×
“Moreover, they suggest to the policy makers that other less disrupting social distancing strategies should be followed by schools if social distancing is recommended for a long duration (Lee, 2020; Sahu, 2020; Viner et al., 2020a).”
Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., Mytton, O., Bonell, C., & Booy, R. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30095-x · Cited by 2,213
Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19
Lee, J. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30109-7 · Cited by 1,882 · cited 8×
“Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed on them can have a long term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing (Lee, 2020).”
InfluentialIdentifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: a systematic review
Biaggi, A., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S., & Pariante, C. M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.014 · Cited by 1,657 · cited 1×
“During stress, parents particularly pregnant mothers are in a psychologically vulnerable state to experience anxiety and depression which is biologically linked to the wellbeing of the foetus (Biaggi et al., 2016; Kinsella and Monk, 2009).”
BackgroundBehavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic
Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013 · Cited by 1,468
Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19
Liu, J. J., Bao, Y., Huang, X., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30096-1 · Cited by 868
China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Shen, K., National Center for Children’s Health, B., Group of Respirology, C. P. S., Chinese Medical Doctor Association Committee on Respirology Pediatrics, China Medicine Education Association Committee on Pediatrics, Chinese Research Hospital Association Committee on Pediatrics, Chinese Non-government Medical Institutions Association Committee on Pediatrics, China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, C. O. C. H. A. M. R., China News of Drug Information Association, C. O. C. S. M., et al. (2020) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7 · Cited by 791 · cited 2×
“It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children and adolescents (Shen et al., 2020).”
Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19
Dalton, L., Rapa, E., & Stein, A. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30097-3 · Cited by 655 · cited 3×
“To cater to these challenges, it is difficult for parents to handle the challenged children and adolescents on their own, as they lack professional expertise and they mostly relied on schools and therapists to help them out (Dalton et al., 2020).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,770
The impact of COVID‐19 on school‐age children
Stone, G., Witzig, T., & McIntosh, C. (2023) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22831 · Cited by 12
“Singh et al. (2020) note that some schools have taken the approach to provide training for teachers in basic social and emotional skills to help their students cope with the continuing stresses experienced as a result of the pandemic.”
BackgroundKannan, P., Bhawra, J., Patel, P., & Katapally, T. R. (2022) · AIMS Public Health · doi:10.3934/publichealth.2022016 · Cited by 8
Shrivastav, M., Vasudeva, S., Gulati, T., Sahu, B., Saraswat, A., Abraham, N. R., Anand, S., Xaxa, R. S., Minj, J., Prajapati, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice · doi:10.25259/jnrp-2022-2-3 · Cited by 8
“[43] Our study, in addition, highlighted specific gender-related concerns especially among girls who were out of school.[44]”
Kelly, M. S., Mitchell, B. D., & Frey, A. J. (2023) · Issues in clinical child psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20006-9_20 · Cited by 9
Gu, X., Shan, X., Wang, L., Gao, W.-Y., & Liu, X. (2023) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104632 · Cited by 8
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents Presenting With a Psychiatric Emergency
Erjavac, B. W., Rolin, A. I., Gondy, K., Cranford, J. A., Shobassy, A., Biermann, B., Rogers, A. J., & Hong, V. (2022) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/00099228221120288 · Cited by 8
“” 5 (5) Direct COVID impact 11 (11) Access to care “We had a recommendation for partial hospitalization after our last PES visit, but Hospital X was not accepting in person patients.”
BackgroundBousali, M., Dimadi, A., Kostaki, E. G., Tsiodras, S., Nikolopoulos, G. K., Sgouras, D. N., Magiorkinis, G., Papatheodoridis, G., Pogka, V., Lourida, P., et al. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11030219 · Cited by 8
Provision of Electroconvulsive Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Karl, S., Schönfeldt-Lecuona, C., Sartorius, A., & Grözinger, M. (2022) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000846 · Cited by 10
Ijezie, O. A., Okagbue, H. I., Oloyede, O. A., Heaslip, V., Davies, P., & Healy, J. C. (2021) · Journal of Public Affairs · doi:10.1002/pa.2601 · Cited by 8
“Consequently, it is imperative that these individuals across the lifespan obtain reassurance, clear communication, and support for alleviating the concerns of boredom and anxiety about their health and families or caregivers (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundUsing photovoice to explore Bolivian children’s experiences of COVID-19
Gallego, G., Cardona, B., & Scholz, B. (2023) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daad033 · Cited by 8
Perricone, G., Ilenia, R., Beninati, V., Billeci, N., Ilarda, V., & Polizzi, C. (2021) · Pediatric Reports · doi:10.3390/pediatric13010021 · Cited by 8
“Despite the low number of adolescents in this study, it should be noted that findings highlighted a significant vulnerability in the emotional self-regulation among very young people [46].”
BackgroundUncovering the collateral impacts of COVID-19 on maternal mental health
Otu, A., & Yaya, S. (2022) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/s12978-022-01427-5 · Cited by 8
“Root causes and magnitude of the problem As the true scale of the mental health burden of COVID19 continues to emerge, it is now apparent that the restrictive measures such as quarantine, physical distancing, closure of schools and essential social services, have resulted in unprecedented stress on vulnerable groups w…”
BackgroundZhang, G., Lin, Y., Jiang, Q., Zhao, X., & Dai, B. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06990-7 · Cited by 7
“The fear of COVID-19 infection, constraints on social activities and physical movement caused by quarantine or school lockdown management, and the sudden change of lifestyle have caused more serious depressive emotions in the worldwide (Singh et al., 2020; Son et al., 2020).”
Okunogbe, A., Meekins, M., Saalim, K., Conti‐Lopez, M. A., Benabaye, R. M., Mendoza, O. M., Julio, R., Stan, L., & Bisson, C. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15102-2 · Cited by 7
“Literature reviews of studies from China, USA, Brazil and Paraguay have also reported increased rates of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic symptoms among adolescents [37, 38, 39].”
BackgroundHasanudin, H., Mukhlas, O. S., Noradin, M. F. B. M., et al. (2023) · Al-Manahij Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam · doi:10.24090/mnh.v17i2.7686 · Cited by 7
Screening for SARS-CoV-2 infections in daycare facilities for children in a large city in GermanyPreprint
Lübke, N., Schupp, A.-K., Bredahl, R., Kraus, U., Hauka, S., Andrée, M., Ehlkes, L., Klein, T., Graupner, A., Horn, J., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.02.26.21252510 · Cited by 6
The ‘wave-particle’ child: reconnecting the disconnect in the concept of latency
Maroudas, C., Wiseman, H., & Harel, J. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/0075417x.2023.2216320 · Cited by 7
“…mental health problems across the globe, particularly in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, adds extra urgency to this task (Collishaw, 2015; Crenna-Jennings & Hutchinson, 2018; Mental Health of Children and Young People in England 2022, NHS Digital, 2022; Samji et al., 2022; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundShi, J., Ma, G., Liu, X., & Jin, Y. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05637-x · Cited by 8
“Adolescents, in a critical period for fostering mental health, may experience lasting effects of the pan - demic on mental health, potentially leaving a “scar effect” on their entire life course (Singh et al., 2020; Ormel et al., 2004).”
Alvarado-Socarrás, J. L., Quintero-Lesmes, D. C., Valle, J. C. C., Lopez, M. F., & Niederbacher-Velásquez, J. (2021) · Salud UIS · doi:10.18273/saluduis.53.e:21018 · Cited by 7
Briggs, D. C., & Kattey, K. A. (2020) · International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal · doi:10.9734/indj/2020/v14i430134 · Cited by 7
“Studies have suggested the use of several measures to help ameliorate the effect of prolonged lockdowns on children’s mental and social health and include supervised social media involvement, increased physical activity and routine learning schedules [10].”
BackgroundCordero, D. A. (2022) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01476-3 · Cited by 13
Research Landscape on Student Suicide: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of 62 Years (1959-2021)
Srivastava, K., & Saxena, A. (2023) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176231160658 · Cited by 8
Vicente, D., Venegas, M., Coker, T. R., et al. (2022) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-022-03520-4 · Cited by 7
“The socialization needs are particularly relevant to several vulnerability factors including developmental age, previous mental health conditions, educational and socioeconomic status, and being quarantined (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundKrijger, A., Dulfer, K., van Oers, H. A., Teela, L., Kempen, B. D. J.-V., van, A. L., Haverman, L., & Joosten, K. F. M. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13544-8 · Cited by 7
“Various factors may be underlying these psychological complaints, including disruption in school and physical activity routines, not being able to play outdoors, the lack of in-person contact with friends and extracurricular activities and boredom [8, 10].”
BackgroundNandhini, N., Aswini, R. V., & Naaraayan, S. A. (2023) · Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1177/09731342231208822 · Cited by 7
Perspectives on Covid19 Safety Protocols among Non-Native English Speaking Teachers and Students
Balida, D. A. R., Alegre, R. A., Lopez, M. R. S., et al. (2022) · World Journal of English Language · doi:10.5430/wjel.v12n1p419 · Cited by 7
Yamada, T., & Shi, S. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12189236 · Cited by 8
Squires, K. E., Hookway, E., & Márquez‐Grant, N. (2022) · Childhood in the Past · doi:10.1080/17585716.2022.2036299 · Cited by 8
“Montebruno 2020), mental health (Liu et al. 2020; Singh et al. 2020), and vulnerable chil-”
BackgroundRisk factors associated with adolescent suicidality before and during the COVID ‐19 pandemic
Zhu, A. Y., & Crawford, M. H. (2023) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12997 · Cited by 8
The psychological effects of COVID-19-related containment in children: The E-COCCON French study
Claudet, I., Marchand-Tonel, C., Kelly‐Irving, M., Zaouche-Gaudron, C., Raynaud, J., Delpierre, C., & Bréhin, C. (2022) · Archives de Pédiatrie · doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2022.01.011 · Cited by 7
Bireylerin Aşılara Yönelik Tutumları Üzerine COVID-19 Korkusunun Etkisi
Başkaya, E., & Kaya, Ç. (2023) · Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi · doi:10.46483/deuhfed.1013479 · Cited by 7
COVID-19, Wellness and Life Satisfaction in Adolescence: Individual and Contextual Issues
de Matos, M. G., Carvalho, M., Branquinho, C., Noronha, C., Moraes, B., Gaspar, T., Guedes, F. B., Cerqueira, A., Santos, O., & Rodrigues, N. N. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20085600 · Cited by 7
“Similar results were obtained by Branquinho and colleagues [8], Júnior and colleagues [17], Kecojevic and colleagues [18], and Singh and colleagues [19], showing that, regardless of age group, the pandemic had a significant impact on the psychological health of young people [44,45].”
Asemota, O. A., Napier-Raman, S., Takeuchi, H., Raman, S., Asemota, E. A., & Nonye, E. (2022) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001444 · Cited by 7
Validation of online mindfulness-enhanced course for stress reduction in teachers
Ye, Q., Huang, Y., Ge, X., & Song, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1086142 · Cited by 13
Wang, Q., An, S., & Shao, Z. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283208 · Cited by 7
“students would be more susceptible to psychological problems during the pandemic [6].”
BackgroundTrifkovič, K. Č., Lorber, M., Reljić, N. M., Štiglic, G., & The University of Maribor (2022) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110786088 · Cited by 7
Exploring adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 crisis – strengths and difficulties
Loy, J. K., Klam, J., Dötsch, J., Frank, J., & Bender, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1357766 · Cited by 8
Hassan, E., Rizk, D. N., Aly, N. M., & Chazli, Y. E. (2021) · Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.1080/08880018.2021.1922559 · Cited by 7
Mauricio, A. M., Hails, K. A., Caruthers, A. S., Connell, A. M., & Stormshak, E. A. (2024) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-024-01725-3 · Cited by 7
“Lack of service provision, along with rates of mental health problems, substantially increased for at-risk youth during the coro-navirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (Singh et al., 2020).”
Fear of COVID-19 and Prevention Behaviors: Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis
Anderson, K. M., & Stockman, J. K. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/35730 · Cited by 7
“This does not take into account the potential of promotion and use of prevention behaviors increasing anxiety or fear related to COVID-19 nor does it consider competing fear, such as the negative impacts of social isolation resulting from prevention behaviors [21,22].”
BackgroundThe direct disease burden of COVID-19 in Belgium in 2020 and 2021
Devleesschauwer, B., Willem, L., Jurčević, J., Smith, P., Scohy, A., Wyper, G. M. A., Pires, S. M., Goethem, N. V., Beutels, P., Franco, N., et al. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16572-0 · Cited by 7
“However, the group of adolescents and young adults are more vulnerable in terms of mental health after an acute COVID-19 infection compared to, for example, older individuals [44, 45].”
BackgroundNewton, A. S., Xie, J., Wright, B. J., Lategan, C., Winston, K., & Freedman, S. B. (2023) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000002979 · Cited by 9
Painter, F. L., Booth, A., Letcher, P., Olsson, C. A., & McIntosh, J. E. (2023) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-023-09761-w · Cited by 10
“Aligned with findings about children with special educational needs (Singh et al., 2020), many parents drew attention to the elevated risk of their children living with pre-existing vulnerabilities such as autism spectrum disorder, through disconnection from specialist care systems,…”
A Review of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents’ Mental Health
Omoleye, D. D., Abidakun, O. O., Akinje, R. O., Ademuyiwa, O. H., & Fasogbon, B. M. (2023) · Current Pediatric Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573396319666230213104546 · Cited by 8
Elementary Teachers’ Perceptions and Experiences Regarding Social-Emotional Learning in Ontario
Jomaa, H., Duquette, C., & Whitley, J. (2023) · Brock Education Journal · doi:10.26522/brocked.v32i1.948 · Cited by 8
Alesi, M., Giordano, G., Ingoglia, S., & Inguglia, C. (2024) · European Journal of Special Needs Education · doi:10.1080/08856257.2023.2300172 · Cited by 12
“…be a specific at-risk population that was particularly sensitive to school closure because they need tailored support in a school setting consisting in personalised teaching programmes with the aim of providing compensatory tools and dispensatory measures (Baschenis et al. 2021; Singh et al. 2020).”
Tanha, A. F., Sheba, N. H., Islam, M. S., Potenza, M. N., & Islam, M. R. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-04106-7 · Cited by 8
“Multiple studies focusing on mental health during lockdown revealed that when people become limited to a certain setting, their mental health often suffered (Amerio et al., 2020; Rossi et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020; Webb, 2021).”
[Confinement and social distancing: stress, anxiety, depression in children and adolescents].
Ochoa-Fuentes, D. A., Gutiérrez-Chablé, L. E., Méndez‐Martínez, S., García-Flores, M. A., & Ayón-Aguilar, J. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 7
Consolazio, D., Sarti, S., Terraneo, M., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271404 · Cited by 7
Khan, S., Kemigisha, E., Turyakira, E., Chaput, K. H., Kabakyenga, J. K., Kyomuhangi, T., Manalili, K., & Brenner, J. L. (2022) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/pxab107 · Cited by 7
Subotic-Kerry, M., Braund, T. A., Gallen, D., Li, S., Parker, B. L., Achilles, M. R., Chakouch, C., Baker, S. T. E., Werner‐Seidler, A., & O’Dea, B. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00623-w · Cited by 10
“Despite this upheaval, schools continued to play a key role in caring for students during closures as teachers remained in regular contact with students and could act to alleviate the negative impacts of heightened distress on classroom learning [22].”
BackgroundMittmann, G., Schmalwieser, S. S., Diendorfer, T., Schrank, B., & Boeckle, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.833006 · Cited by 7
Ciotti, S., Moore, S. A., Connolly, M., & Newmeyer, T. S. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10010156 · Cited by 7
Hamshari, S., Yaseen, S., Zayed, M., Dalasha, A., Maraqa, B. N., & Nazzal, Z. A. S. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05482-5 · Cited by 7
“This disconnection became a prominent issue during the pandemic, resulting in increased sleep, reduced physical activity, and greater reliance on electronic devices, all of which contributed to heightened anxiety, further exacerbated by reduced family interaction [9, 10].”
BackgroundBiese, K. M., McGuine, T. A., Haraldsdóttir, K., Reardon, C. L., & Watson, A. M. (2024) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/19417381231223494 · Cited by 8
“14,27,31 As such, we recognize that factors beyond sport participation may contribute to adolescent mental health.”
BackgroundThe Dilemma of Isolation and Emotional Turmoil: the After Effects of the Pandemic
Kaur, K. (2022) · Indian Journal of Management and Language · doi:10.54105/ijml.d2046.101422 · Cited by 6
Walker, K. K., & Zimet, G. D. (2022) · Journal of Family Communication · doi:10.1080/15267431.2022.2082431 · Cited by 6
“…uncertainty management theor; COVID-19; psychological health; mother-child communication; family health From the beginning, mothers and children have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic physically, psychologically, and emotionally (Janssen et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020; Walker et al., 2021).”
BackgroundSalman, M., Mustafa, Z. U., Javaid, A. W., Shehzadi, N., Mallhi, T. H., Khan, Y. H., Masood, F., & Hussain, K. (2022) · Salud Mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2022.032 · Cited by 6
“Likewise, young people may manifest more symptoms of anxiety and fear of family members being infected than older ones (Singh et al., 2020 ).”
Maloy, A., Main, A., Murphy, C., Coleman, L. E., Dodd, R., Lynch, J., Larkin, D., & Flowers, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.861192 · Cited by 9
Majeed, B., Li, A., Peng, J., & Lin, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.809877 · Cited by 6
Duarte, M. P., Joncas, J., Parent, S., et al. (2022) · Global Spine Journal · doi:10.1177/21925682221113487 · Cited by 6
“This unprecedented in size and duration and still ongoing global biothreat has created a worldwide social, economic and health crisis impacting on the normal life of everyone, especially adolescents.(12) We report that during the first COVID-19 wave, the bad compliance rate to brace treatment in subjects with AIS was…”
BackgroundEtchegaray-Armijo, K., Fuentealba-Urra, S., & Bustos-Arriagada, E. (2023) · Revista chilena de nutrición · doi:10.4067/s0717-75182023000100056 · Cited by 6
Mental Health and Substance Use among Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mini Review
de MICHELI, D. (2021) · Psychology & Psychological Research International Journal · doi:10.23880/pprij-16000287 · Cited by 6
Eroğlu, M., & Yakşi, N. (2021) · Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.32708/uutfd.917306 · Cited by 6
Kamrath, C., Tittel, S. R., Buchal, G., Brämswig, S., Preiss, E., Göldel, J. M., Wiegand, S., Minden, K., Warschburger, P., Stahl‐Pehe, A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.12.004 · Cited by 6
An in-depth statistical analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic’s initial spread in the WHO African region
(2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.08.21.21262401 · Cited by 6
“Future studies may address the overall impact of such measures by considering more parameters like quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and effects on mental health (Briggs et al., 2021; Mohler-Kuo et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2020; Brigdland et al., 2021).”
BackgroundWong, K. K., Loke, K., & Melville, K. M. K.-L. (2022) · UCL Open Environment · doi:10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000041 · Cited by 7
“Pandemic policies, restrictions, and repeated lockdowns – though varying in length and severity by country – have undoubtedly impacted people’s livelihoods and outlook on life, some for the short-term, others for much longer (Carollo et al., 2021a; 2021b; Panchal et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2021).”
BackgroundEffect of acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescent depression: a meta-analysis
Yu, X., Zhao, B. T., Yin, T., Qu, H., Zhang, J., Cheng, X., & Xu, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1506822 · Cited by 6
Bai, Y., Fu, M., Wang, X., Liu, D., Zhang, Y., Liu, C., Zhang, B., & Guo, J. (2022) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-022-00478-x · Cited by 7
“circumstances, parents were asked to support their children with home schooling while working from home, during which time children were more likely to experience maltreatment and parental conflict (Lawson et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder in the COVID 19 Era: New Challenges — New Solutions
Bharat, R., Uzaina, U., Niranjan, S., Yadav, T., Newman, S., Marriott, J., Smith, G., & Sawlani, G. (2021) · Indian Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s13312-021-2314-3 · Cited by 6
“In conclusion, COVID-19 lockdown brought an opportunity to reassess our services for children with ASD.”
BackgroundInfluentialReali, L., Nijman, R., Hadjipanayis, A., del Torso, S., Calamita, P., Rafele, I., Katz, M., Barak, S., & Grossman, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.1006596 · Cited by 6
Rodríguez, V., Cottrell, J. A., & Jia, F. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15101423 · Cited by 6
“The strain of managing work-from-home duties, lack of childcare, financial insecurity, and restricted access to social support systems created an environment of heightened stress for parents (Aznar et al., 2021; Coyne et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2021b).”
A Collective Strange Situation: COVID-19 and Children’s Developmental Lines
Bate, J., & Schulder, I. (2021) · The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child · doi:10.1080/00797308.2021.1978725 · Cited by 6
“One study found that children 3–6 years old demonstrated more overt fears of family members becoming infected with COVID-19 than latency age children or adolescents, who were more likely to demonstrate inattention or persistent curiosity about the virus (Singh et al. 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialEfectos de la pandemia COVID-19 en la salud mental infanto juvenil: revisión bibliográfica
Parra, M. D. R. (2022) · ARS MEDICA Revista de Ciencias Médicas · doi:10.11565/arsmed.v47i3.1913 · Cited by 7
Khan, A. H., Ema, N. T., Rakhi, N. N., Saha, O., Ahamed, T., & Rahaman, M. M. (2021) · COVID · doi:10.3390/covid1010017 · Cited by 6
García-Garro, P. A., Aibar‐Almazán, A., Rivas-Campo, Y., Vega-Ávila, G. C., Afanador-Restrepo, D. F., Martínez‐Amat, A., Afanador-Rodríguez, M. I., Castellote‐Caballero, Y., & Hita‐Contreras, F. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10214959 · Cited by 6
“Different mental health problems were analyzed by recent research during the pandemic in the general population, [6] as well as in specific population groups; the elderly, [7] health care workers and [8] children and adolescents [9,10].”
BackgroundPanneer, S., Dutta, S., Palaniswamy, U., Pushparaj, R. R. B., Rose, J. S., & Srinivasan, P. (2023) · Social Development Issues · doi:10.3998/sdi.4342 · Cited by 6
Diamond, K. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02408-4 · Cited by 10
“…the power of the Garden to enable children to connect with themselves and to re-establish friendships and relational trust that had been lost due to lockdown, isolation and loss, and the lack of opportunity to spend time with friends and loved ones (Maynard et al., 2023; Singh et al., 2020).”
Kästner, A., Ernst, V. S., Hoffmann, W. U., & Franze, M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32877-x · Cited by 6
McKenney, E. E., Cucchiara, C. L., & Gotham, K. O. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2023.2283742 · Cited by 5
“…when the COVID-19 pandemic came to light, many expressed and eventually found evidence to support concerns that pandemic-related social isolation, stress, and lack of access to community resources 5–7 may further harm population mental health, via a spike in this already concerning trajectory.”
Peng, B., Reeves, K. K. L., Lee, S. W. Y., Chung, T. H. Y., Hui, H. W. L., Leung, A. H. L., & Pang, J. C. Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1181186 · Cited by 7
Pengaruh Psychological Well-Being terhadap Stres Akademik Siswa SMA di Masa Covid-19
Oktaviani, Z. A., & Suprapti, V. (2021) · Buletin Riset Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM) · doi:10.20473/brpkm.v1i1.27667 · Cited by 6
Al-Rawi, S. S., Alyanbaawi, H. J., Ibrahim, A. H., Hamdy, H. A., Hama, H. A., Dogara, A. M., & Effendi, A. B. A. (2022) · International Journal of Social Sciences and Educational Studies · doi:10.23918/ijsses.v9i2p197 · Cited by 6
The COVID-19 and lifestyle nexus: settling the debate
Doraiswamy, S., Cheema, S., & Mamtani, R. (2021) · Global Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/17579759211018417 · Cited by 6
“NCDs, examples of which include depression and other mental health disorders (20).”
Backgroundsalud mental de los niños y adolescentes en tiempos de pandemia
Tirado-Hurtado, B. C. (2021) · Revista Hispanoamericana de Ciencias de la Salud · doi:10.56239/rhcs.2020.64.445 · Cited by 6
Ellakany, P., Foláyan, M. O., Tantawi, M. E., Zúñiga, R. A. A., Aly, N. M., Ara, E., Gaffar, B. O., Ishabiyi, A. O., Quadri, M. F. A., Khan, A. T.-A., et al. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15954-8 · Cited by 7
“Students were highly affected during the lockdowns and many of them faced mental health distress due to being isolated as a result of staying at home, and suffering loneliness and feeling disconnected whilst staying away from roommates, peers and staff [10, 11].”
BackgroundMuhajarine, N., Pisolkar, V., Hinz, T., Adeyinka, D. A., McCutcheon, J., Alaverdashvili, M., Damodharan, S., Dena, I., Jurgens, C. J. C., Taras, V., et al. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10061009 · Cited by 7
Sleep and media use among children with neurodevelopmental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic
Wilaisakditipakorn, T. J., Ievers‐Landis, C. E., Malay, S., Burkhart, K. M., Ibrahim, S., Kralovic, S., & Diekroger, E. A. (2022) · Children s Health Care · doi:10.1080/02739615.2021.2013222 · Cited by 6
“…profound impacts for children above and beyond the rarer medical consequences, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome (Brooks et al., 2020; Dubois-Comtois, Suffren, StLaurent, Milot, & Lemelin, 2021; Liu, Bao, Huang, Shi, & Lu, 2020; Panda et al., 2020; Patrick et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundDoyle, A. E., Colvin, M. K., Beery, C. S., Koven, M. R., Vuijk, P. J., & Braaten, E. B. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-022-00441-6 · Cited by 7
Baghel, N., Kumari, S., Lakhani, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Earth System Science · doi:10.1007/s12040-023-02181-3 · Cited by 6
Psychosocial Impact of Lockdown on Children due to COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study
Alnamnakani, M. A., Alenezi, S., Temsah, M.-H. A., Alothman, M., Murshid, R. E., Alonazy, H., & Alqurashi, H. (2022) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/17450179-v18-e2203210 · Cited by 6
Adolescent Depressive Symptom Trajectories From Before to After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Gataviņš, M. M., Tran, K. T., Visoki, E., Moore, T. M., Hoffman, K. W., Shilton, T., Schultz, L. M., Almasy, L. A., Mancini, A. D., & Barzilay, R. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.45987 · Cited by 7
Choi, N. G., Marti, C. N., & Choi, B. Y. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107665 · Cited by 6
Hulgaard, D. R., Rask, C. U., Boye, H., Larsen, P. V., Christesen, H. T., Andersen, M., Jensen, T. K., & Bilenberg, N. (2021) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2021.1970804 · Cited by 7
“However, calls for more studies have been made emphasizing the increased risk of emotional problems in children, as well as a possible risk of child psychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety [3,10].”
BackgroundA model to rate strategies for managing disease due to COVID-19 infection
Wang, S., & Ramkrishna, D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79817-7 · Cited by 5
Nasir, S., Shahnawaz, M., & Giménez‐Llort, L. (2022) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs12100348 · Cited by 7
Dong, H.-Y., Jia, F., Shan, L., Miao, C., Zhang, Y., & Du, L. (2023) · Translational Pediatrics · doi:10.21037/tp-23-162 · Cited by 8
Carrasco, I. D. L. M. S., García, M. S. H., Parrilla-Escobar, M. A., López, B. M., Collantes, R. G., & Uribe, S. G. (2021) · Psiquiatría Biológica · doi:10.1016/j.psiq.2021.100317 · Cited by 8
Camerini, A.-L., Albanese, E., & Marciano, L. (2021) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ehbsn · Cited by 6
Cai, J. C., Wang, Y., Wang, C., Deng, Z.-Y., Mu, Y.-F., Deng, A.-P., Song, H.-J., Huang, Y., Fang, D.-Z., Liu, G.-L., et al. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06588-8 · Cited by 8
“Thus they are more likely to have psychological problems after the COVID-19 emergencies [14].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, S., Roy, D., Sinha, K., Parveen, S., Sharma, G., & Joshi, G.
- Affiliations
- King George's Medical University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Roy, Deblina
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 293
- Pages
- 113429
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7444649
- OpenAlex
- W3081076087
- Semantic Scholar
- c8e4a5b89bc2fbf62e5cebcff9fb6ec0e9fc80a7
- Cited by
- 1,727
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 234 · 2023: 377 · 2022: 515 · 2021: 406 · 2020: 28
- FWCI
- 26.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown, child mental health, adolescent mental health, quarantine, parental separation, economic hardship, school students, pre-existing mental health conditions, coping strategies, mental health support services
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Mental Health Services, Parents, Pneumonia, Viral, Psychiatry, Quarantine, Risk Factors, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
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