The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 29 of the 60 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations
Open accessAbstract
This narrative review summarizes research and advisories about how COVID-19 and lockdown affected the mental health of children and adolescents. It concludes that the pandemic created short- and long-term psychosocial and mental health impacts, especially for vulnerable groups, and calls for evidence-based action plans.
Overview
Integrity signals
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Claims the paper makes
25 Own interpretation · 15 Sources not found · 14 Partly supported · 14 No basis given · 8 Own method · 5 Couldn’t confirm · 3 Supported · 3 No full text of the sources · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Based on the questionnaires completed by the parents, findings reveal that children felt uncertain, fearful and isolated during current times.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section (page not provided) says parents completed the questionnaire and reports fear among the children's behavioral and emotional problems. It also describes children experiencing uncertainty and physical and social isolation, but does not identify those as findings from the parent-completed questionnaires. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children and adolescents (Shen et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Introduction
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Shen et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Clinical manifestations section says pediatric COVID-19 symptoms were generally milder than adults’ and that most infected children recovered within 1–2 weeks. The Psychotherapy section mentions possible fear or psychological disorders in older children, but neither section addresses whether the pandemic may have greater long-term adverse consequences for children and adolescents than for adults (searched: long-term adverse consequences and long-term psychological impacts). (LLM, conf=0.76)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Some children have expressed lower levels of affect for not being able to play outdoors, not meeting friends and not engaging in the in-person school activities (Lee, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Zhai and Du, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports that school closures disrupted routines and that some young people with existing mental health needs said their conditions worsened. It does not report children expressing lower affect specifically because they could not play outdoors, meet friends, or take part in in-person school activities. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Partly supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Comment section says quarantine might adversely affect children’s mental health and that companionship is important to their wellbeing. It does not report children expressing lower affect or link that response to being unable to play outdoors, meet friends, or attend school in person. (LLM, conf=0.78)
- Could not verifycites Zhai and Du, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses fear, discrimination, and isolation among international Chinese students and says these may lead to stress, anxiety, and fear. It does not address children’s affect or link it to being unable to play outdoors, meet friends, or attend in-person school activities; a search for those activities found no matching passage. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The home confinement of children and adolescents is associated with uncertainty and anxiety which is attributable to disruption in their education, physical activities and opportunities for socialization (Jiao et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The ‘Early Investigation’ section describes children experiencing uncertainty, isolation and prolonged absence from school during the epidemic. ‘Psychological distress in Children Exposed to Adverse Events’ says enforced isolation and school closure limit contact with classmates and physical activity, and identifies anxiety as a response to adverse events. Neither passage establishes that disruptions to education, activity and socialization specifically caused the uncertainty and anxiety claimed. (LLM, conf=0.82)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed on them can have a long term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section links school closures and social distancing to disrupted routines, isolation, and worsening symptoms in some children. It also says the long-term mental-health effects on children are not well known and calls for further study; it does not establish that restricted movement itself causes long-term harm to children's overall psychological wellbeing. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Although quarantining measures are for the benefit of the community at large, its psychological effects cannot be ignored (Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
The opening passage says quarantine slowed COVID-19 transmission, while the Comment section warns that it might have adverse psychological effects on quarantined children. The paper therefore supports the citing sentence’s point, with its discussion focused on children. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Quarantine measures benefit the community at large.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A study found that older adolescents and youth are anxious regarding cancellation of examinations, exchange programs and academic events (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports exam-related stress among a 17-year-old candidate and stress among college and university students over cancelled exchange studies and graduation ceremonies. But Lee’s article is a feature reporting a poll and students’ accounts, not a study that itself found all of these effects; the exam account concerns postponement and uncertainty rather than cancellation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Unfortunately, the nationwide closures of schools and colleges have negatively impacted over 91% of the world's student population (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports that, as of April 8, 2020, schools were suspended nationwide in 188 countries and over 90% of enrolled learners worldwide were out of education. That supports a widespread negative educational impact, but it does not establish the claim’s more specific figure of over 91%. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The majority of the studies included in the review were based on online self-reports(Bhat et al., 2020; Jiao et al., 2020; Oosterhoff et al., 2020b).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Critical appraisal of the studies included
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Bhat et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses Indian teachers’ experiences during COVID-19, while the References section lists sources on the outbreak and teacher morale. Neither reports how studies in the citing review collected data. Searches for online self-reports and the review-studies claim found no relevant passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Early Investigation of Chinese Children's Behavioral and Emotional Reactions to COVID-19,” Jiao et al. describe an online questionnaire, supporting the online-reporting part. They say parents completed it, however, and do not establish that most studies in the citing review used online self-reports. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not matchedcites Oosterhoff et al., 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The adults and older children were the respondents of the study(Lee, 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Viner et al., 2020b; Wang et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Critical appraisal of the studies included
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section reports a YoungMinds survey of 2,111 participants up to age 25 and a poll of 757 university-entrance candidates, supporting that older children or young people were respondents. It does not establish that adults responded, and Lee’s article reports these surveys rather than conducting a study with its own respondents. (LLM, conf=0.81)
- Could not verifycites Liu et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Comment section discusses children’s mental health during quarantine and proposes support measures, but does not identify respondents in a study. Searches for respondents, participants, and adults or older children as study subjects found no passage establishing the claimed respondent groups (page not available). (LLM, conf=0.75)
- Not matchedcites Viner et al., 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
- It may state two separate claims as one. 36
- Probably not a substantial claim. 18
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“During stress, parents particularly pregnant mothers are in a psychologically vulnerable state to experience anxiety and depression which is biologically linked to the wellbeing of the foetus (Biaggi et al., 2016; Kinsella and Monk, 2009).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Biaggi et al., 2016 source
The Results section (‘Adverse events in life and perceived stress’; page not provided) says that high perceived stress during pregnancy contributes to antenatal depression and that stressful events can trigger anxiety symptoms. The Introduction (page not provided) describes possible biological pathways linking maternal stress to foetal development, including cortisol crossing the placenta. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Partly supportedcites Kinsella and Monk, 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page not available) links maternal stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy to fetal development, and the Physiological Pathways section discusses possible biological routes for that influence. The paper does not establish that stress makes pregnant women more vulnerable to anxiety or depression, and it does not address parents generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It was also shown that children experienced disturbed sleep, nightmares, poor appetite, agitation, inattention and separation related anxiety (Jiao et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on young children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section reports inattention, irritability and clinginess among children in the preliminary Shaanxi study. It lists poor sleep and nightmares, poor appetite, agitation and separation problems as conditions the questionnaire investigated, but does not report that children experienced every condition on that list. The Conclusions also advise parents to watch for sleep difficulties and nightmares. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Current studies related to COVID-19 demonstrate that school shut downs in isolation prevent about 2-4% additional deaths which is quite less if compared to usage of other measures of social distancing.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Features section discusses school closures and their effects on young people’s mental health, but does not estimate deaths prevented. Searches for the 2–4% figure and for a comparison with other social-distancing measures found no supporting passage in our copy; no page number was provided. (LLM, conf=0.76)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“For instance, in India, which has the largest child population in the world with 472 million children, the lockdown has significantly impacted 40 million children from poor families. These include children working on farms, fields in rural areas, children of migrants and street children (Dalton et al., 2020; Rosenthal et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text discusses the pandemic’s effects on children generally, but does not address India or children from poor families. Searches for the 472 million and 40 million figures, and for migrant, farm-working, and street children, found no matching passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
- Could not verifycites Rosenthal et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (page unavailable) discusses COVID-19’s effects on children living in temporary accommodation in the UK. Searches for the India population figures and for farm workers, migrants’ children, and street children found no passage addressing the India-specific claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“To cater to these challenges, it is difficult for parents to handle the challenged children and adolescents on their own, as they lack professional expertise and they mostly relied on schools and therapists to help them out (Dalton et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The main text (page not available) discusses changes to children’s routines and social infrastructure, and how adults can respond to children’s distress. Searches for special needs, parental professional expertise, schools, and therapists found no passage addressing the claimed difficulty of caring for these children without that support. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The children may develop feelings of sadness, anxiety, fear of death, fear of parents’ death and fear of being isolated in the hospital which may have a very detrimental effect on their psychological development”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites APA, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Dalton et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the main text (page not provided), Dalton et al. describe children’s anxiety, upset, and possible sad responses, and warn of long-term psychological effects of the pandemic. The paper does not identify fear of death, fear of a parent’s death, or fear of hospital isolation, nor does it specifically link those fears to impaired psychological development. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“By the reason of displacement, the frustration and family conflict may manifest itself in the form of violence towards children. This can make the child more vulnerable to depression, anxiety and suicide (Jiao et al., 2020; Petito et al., 2020; Solantaus et al., 2020)”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The section “Psychological distress in Children Exposed to Adverse Events” reports anxiety and depression as common manifestations of psychological stress in children. It does not link displacement or family conflict to violence toward children, or discuss suicide; searches for those terms found no supporting passage. Page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Petito et al., 2020 source
- Not matchedcites Solantaus et al., 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“With the closure of special schools and day care centres these children lack access to resource material, peer group interactions and opportunities of learning and developing important social and behavioural skills in due time may lead to regression to the past behavior as they lose anchor in life, as a result of this their symptoms could relapse (Lee, 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Lee, 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It is found that separation from the primary caregivers can make a child more vulnerable and can pose a threat to a child's mental health (Cooper, 2020; Jiao et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cooper, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Jiao et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Early Investigation section lists “separation problems” among the psychological conditions investigated, and the resilience section says family support can help children recover from distress. Neither section says that separation from primary caregivers makes children more vulnerable or threatens their mental health; that specific link is not established in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
The Comment (page not provided) says that separation from caregivers can put children in a state of crisis and might increase their risk of psychiatric disorders. It also says children separated from caregivers might be more susceptible to mental health problems. These passages support the citing sentence's qualified claim. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“It has been reported that panic buying in times of distress indicate an instinctual survival behaviour (Arafat et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Arafat et al., 2020 source
In the main text, the paper links crisis behaviour to primitive instincts and behaviours necessary for survival. Its summary names the basic primitive response of humans among the proposed factors behind panic buying. The citing sentence is a fair paraphrase of that proposed explanation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Although prior to the pandemic, these children had been facing difficulties even while attending special schools, but in due course they had learnt to develop a schedule to adhere to for most of the time of the day”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites APA, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Cortese et al., 2020 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper’s main text discusses difficulties for students with ADHD during the COVID-19 crisis and mentions disruption of daily routines. It does not address whether children had difficulty attending special schools before the pandemic or had learned to follow a daily schedule. Searches for special schools and pre-pandemic schedules found no passage supporting those points. (LLM, conf=0.74)
- Not matchedcites UNICEF, 2020a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Children have emotionally pent up feelings of distress which may turn inwards into emotional fear or outwards towards acting out behavior (Liu et al., 2020).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Liu et al., 2020 source
In the passage headed “We declare no competing interests” (page not given), the copy says children’s anxiety can appear as acting out rather than tearful or worried responses. A nearby passage says children may avoid sharing concerns and cope with difficult feelings alone. Together, these support the paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They have intolerance for uncertainty and there is an aggravation in the symptoms due to the enforced restrictions and unfriendly environment which does not correspond with their regular routine.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the incidents of infection in the minors have been reported worldwide, which result in children being quarantined.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A study pointed out that in underprivileged families, in comparison to boys, girls have decreased access to gadgets, this may diminish their involvement in digital platforms of education (McQuillan and Neill, 2009).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McQuillan and Neill, 2009 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to cover up the loss of education during lockdown, many schools have offered distance learning or online courses to students.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The children with autism find it very difficult to adapt to the changing environment. They become agitated and exasperated when anything is rearranged or shifted from its existing setup. They might show an increase in their behavioral problems and acts of self-harm.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During the time of lockdown an increasing number of poor families have no source of daily wages which lead to frustration and feelings of helplessness.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is also found that among youth social distancing is viewed primarily as a social responsibility and it is followed more sincerely if motivated by prosocial reasons to prevent others from getting sick (Oosterhoff et al., 2020a).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Oosterhoff et al., 2020a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These conditions also trigger outburst of temper tantrums, and conflict between parents and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, they face difficulties in following instructions, understanding the complexity of the pandemic situation and doing their own work independently.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In developing countries, with the imposed lockdown, the underprivileged children face acute deprivation of nutrition and overall protection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These children have become more clingy, attention seeking and more dependent on their parents due to the long term shift in their routine.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies show that young children show more clinginess, disturbed sleep, nightmares, poor appetite, inattentiveness, and significant separation problems.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The nature and extent of impact on this age group depend on many vulnerability factors such as the developmental age, current educational status, having special needs, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically under privileged and child/ parent being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Abstract > Background
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Findings from the reviewed studies can be generalized to children and adolescents across different countries and settings.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As during the formative years of life, the role of parents is very crucial, any disruption in the form of isolation from parents can have long term effects of perceived attachment of the child.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children with OCD are suspected to be one of the most affected ones by this pandemic. Due to obsessions and compulsions related to contamination, hoarding, and somatic preoccupation, they are expected to experience heightened distress.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An increasing number of poor and street children now have no source of income, making them a high risk population to face abuse and mental health issues with greater vulnerability and exposure to unfavorable economic, social and environmental circumstances (Birla, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Birla, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“There are about 1 in every 6 children within the age group of 2-8 years who have some or the other neurodevelopmental, behavioural or emotional difficulty (CDC, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“COVID-19 infection is expressed differently in children and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact due to quarantine and separation from parents
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Further, due to prolonged confinement at home children's increased use of internet and social media predisposes them to use internet compulsively, access objectionable content and also increases their vulnerability for getting bullied or abused (Cooper, 2020; UNICEF, 2020b).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Cooper, 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites UNICEF, 2020b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this opportunity is not available to underprivileged children as a result of which they face a lack of stimulation and have no access to online resource material to study.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pandemic and lockdown world has experienced global economic turn-down which has directly worsened the pre-existing social inequality.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact of lockdown on underprivileged children
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Absence of structured setting of the school for a long duration result in disruption in routine, boredom and lack of innovative ideas for engaging in various academic and extracurricular activities.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on school and college going students
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) among the children and adolescents is estimated to be of 0.25%–4% among children and adolescents (CDC, 2019).”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Impact on children and adolescents having special needs
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites CDC, 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to strict selection criteria and the short period of data collection and the only use of electronic databases for our research, there is a possibility of missing studies relevant to the care of children and adolescents.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Economically underprivileged children are particularly prone to exploitation and abuse.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The children prone to risk for trauma and heightened anxiety.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Advisories of international organizations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Being a narrative review, we did not attempt computation of effect sizes or do a risk of bias assessment for included papers.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence a pediatrician's role is paramount in promoting mental health, developing resilience, recognizing mental health problems, and coordinate with the mental health care providers when it comes to mental health care of children.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Role of pediatricians
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strategies reported in the studies were isolated to geopolitical conditions.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the present times when most schools and colleges are organizing online academic activities, teachers are in regular touch with students, and therefore are in a position to play a critical role in the promotion of psychological well being among youngsters.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods > Role of school teachers/school counselors
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The searches were done by five independent reviewers.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three independent authors participated in study selection and all authors reached a consensus on the studies to be included.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In our review, we were unable to track the measures of management targeted towards the children.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Children and adolescents with mental health conditions are not used to variation in the environment. Hence there could be an exacerbation in symptoms and behavioral problems.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The articles and advisories collected for this review are sufficient to support its conclusions about children and adolescents during COVID-19.
“We conducted a review and collected articles and advisories on mental health aspects of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from the reviewed studies can be generalized to children and adolescents across different countries and settings.
“The following sections discuss about findings of studies on mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns being implemented at national or regional levels to prevent further spread of infection.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The pandemic and lockdown measures, rather than other concurrent factors, are a major cause of the mental health impacts described.
“COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Digital and online mental health support can effectively reach and benefit children and adolescents during the pandemic.
“For this innovative child and adolescent mental health policies policies with direct and digital collaborative networks of psychiatrists, psychologists, paediatricians, and community volunteers are deemed necessary.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Quarantine measures benefit the community at large.
“Although quarantining measures are for the benefit of the community at large, its psychological effects cannot be ignored (Liu et al., 2020).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Younger children require more parental attention than adolescents and need physical presence and indoor play with parents.
“Compared to adolescents, younger children demand more attention of their parents They need their parents’ physical presence and need to engage in more indoor play related activities with them.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Internet surfing related to COVID-19 causes anxiety.
“Excessive internet use e.g. internet surfing related to COVID-19 should be avoided as it results in anxiety.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Adolescents are enthusiastic and prone to risk-taking, so some may feel invincible and disregard distancing and hygiene rules.
“Adolescence is a phase of enthusiasm and risk-taking, hence some may feel invincible and try not to follow guidelines related to distancing and personal hygiene.”
The paper relies on this without support.
For children, parents serve as the strongest role models, and home is the primary setting for acquiring life skills.
“Parents are the best ‘role model’ for children and home is practically the best place to learn the ‘life skills’.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is a shortage of mental health care workers in most developing countries.
“Since there is a dearth of mental health care workers in most developing countries.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Traditional pre-COVID-19 models and policies for child and adolescent mental health are no longer applicable during the COVID-19 era.
“It has been recognized by the world that the traditional pre-COVID-19 models and policies for children and adolescents' mental health are no longer applicable during COVID 19 era.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In general, most of the included studies comprised online group sessions where direct personal interaction was enabled to provide group experiences and social learning that were hindered by contact restrictions [1, 2].”
From Interventions to build resilience and to ameliorate negative psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Greater academic pressure, decreased social interaction and physical activity caused by lockdown, and the perceived uncertainties of the COVID-19 have all increased the possibility of anxiety and depression among undergraduate nursing students (48, 49).”
From Mindfulness-based online intervention on mental health among undergraduate nursing students during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Beijing, China: A randomized controlled trial (2022) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The psychosocial health of children and adolescents has been particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.”
In the citing paper
“During the Covid-19 pandemic, especially during the lockdown, social distancing measures and the associated disruption of everyday activities and social contacts threatened the mental health of adolescents (6, 68).”
From Digital Media Use and Adolescents' Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [68]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“Only articles in English language peer reviewed journals were included.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“We included case studies and review articles and Advisories by the WHO (World Health Organization), APA (American Psychiatric Association) and NHS (National Health Services) and Government of India Ministry of Health.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Declaration of Competing Interest
“All the authors confirm that, all of them has contributed in the conception of design; analysis, interpretation of data; drafting the article; critically revisiting the article for important intellectual inputs; and approval of the final version.”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > CRediT authorship contribution statement
“Sheeba Parveen: Visualization, Investigation.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Limitations
“the only use of electronic databases for our research”
§ Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations☆ > Material and methods
“A manual search was also conducted of the references of the related articles to gather information about the relevant studies.”
Citations
Cites
Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 · Cited by 5,715
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens
Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Lu, R., Han, K., Wu, G., & Tan, W. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3786 · Cited by 5,116
Sahu, P. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.7541 · Cited by 2,353 · cited 1×
“Moreover, they suggest to the policy makers that other less disrupting social distancing strategies should be followed by schools if social distancing is recommended for a long duration (Lee, 2020; Sahu, 2020; Viner et al., 2020a).”
Viner, R. M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., Mytton, O., Bonell, C., & Booy, R. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30095-x · Cited by 2,213
Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19
Lee, J. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30109-7 · Cited by 1,882 · cited 8×
“Consequently, the constraint of movement imposed on them can have a long term negative effect on their overall psychological wellbeing (Lee, 2020).”
InfluentialIdentifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: a systematic review
Biaggi, A., Conroy, S., Pawlby, S., & Pariante, C. M. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.014 · Cited by 1,657 · cited 1×
“During stress, parents particularly pregnant mothers are in a psychologically vulnerable state to experience anxiety and depression which is biologically linked to the wellbeing of the foetus (Biaggi et al., 2016; Kinsella and Monk, 2009).”
BackgroundBehavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic
Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013 · Cited by 1,468
Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19
Liu, J. J., Bao, Y., Huang, X., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30096-1 · Cited by 868
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“It has been indicated that compared to adults, this pandemic may continue to have increased long term adverse consequences on children and adolescents (Shen et al., 2020).”
Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19
Dalton, L., Rapa, E., & Stein, A. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30097-3 · Cited by 655 · cited 3×
“To cater to these challenges, it is difficult for parents to handle the challenged children and adolescents on their own, as they lack professional expertise and they mostly relied on schools and therapists to help them out (Dalton et al., 2020).”
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Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,770
Watson, A. M., Haraldsdóttir, K., Biese, K. M., Goodavish, L., Stevens, B., & McGuine, T. A. (2021) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-281-21 · Cited by 29
Chachar, A. S., Younus, S., & Ali, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.654584 · Cited by 27
COVID-19 and Sleep Disturbances: A Literature Review of Clinical Evidence
Shaik, L., Boike, S., Ramar, K., Subramanian, S., & Surani, S. (2023) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59050818 · Cited by 26
“, were based on many vulnerable factors such as their developmental age, current status of education, having special needs, mental health conditions that existed prior to the pandemic, economically underprivileged, and child/parent(s) being quarantined due to fear of infection or active infection [69].”
BackgroundGeoepidemiological perspective on COVID-19 pandemic review, an insight into the global impact
Vallée, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1242891 · Cited by 31
Dedryver, C. C., & Knai, C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182211777 · Cited by 35
The impact of the Covid-19 lockdown on the human experience of nature
Vimal, R. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149571 · Cited by 34
“Huo and Qiu, 2020; Kanu, 2020), mental health and psychology (e.g. Guessoum et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020), education (e.”
BackgroundStreet, M. E., Ponzi, D., Renati, R., Petraroli, M., D’Alvano, T., Lattanzi, C., Ferrari, V. D., Rollo, D., & Stagi, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1149417 · Cited by 32
Basu, M., Dasgupta, R., Kumar, P., & Dhyani, S. (2021) · Environmental Research Communications · doi:10.1088/2515-7620/ac2ab2 · Cited by 27
Moore, S. A., Sharma, R., Ginis, K. A. M., & Arbour‐Nicitopoulos, K. P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182412950 · Cited by 28
“The COVID-19 pandemic has isolated children and youth [33], reduced their engagement in healthy behaviours [26,34], and has led to childhood traumatic stress and mental health issues [35,36].”
BackgroundSrinivasan, S. M., Su, W.-C., Cleffi, C., & Bhat, A. N. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.700247 · Cited by 34
“The COVID-19 pandemic and efforts directed toward containing virus spread have led to significant disruptions to children’s lives worldwide due to school closures, lockdowns, quarantines, reduced access to healthcare services, limited socialization, and significant reduction in opportunities to engage in physical acti…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLenaerts, A., Heyman, S., Decker, A. D., Lauwers, L., Sterckx, A., Remmen, R., Bastiaens, H., & Keune, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.646568 · Cited by 28
“In this way, visiting nature may mitigate the negative effects of social isolation on mental health (45, 46), an effect that may have been especially important during lockdown (44, 47).”
Beattie, M., Wilson, C., & Hendry, G. (2021) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/00071005.2021.1915958 · Cited by 33
“Research has demonstrated the negative impact of lockdown on children (Singh et al., 2020) and The Scottish Government (2020b) has announced funding to support children’s mental health.”
BackgroundAmorós-Reche, V., Belzunegui‐Pastor, À., Hurtado, G., & Espada, J. P. (2022) · Clínica y Salud · doi:10.5093/clysa2022a2 · Cited by 28
Investigating the Impact of Isolation During COVID-19 on Family Functioning – An Australian Snapshot
Sheen, J. A., Aridas, A., Tchernegovski, P., Dudley, A. L., McGillivray, J., & Reupert, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.722161 · Cited by 28
Monnier, M., Moulin, F., Thierry, X., Vandentorren, S., Côté, S. M., Barbosa, S., Falissard, B., Plancoulaine, S., Charles, M.-A. A., Simeon, T., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01676-7 · Cited by 30
Haffejee, S., Vostanis, P., O’Reilly, M. J., Law, E. L., Eruyar, Ş., Fleury, J., Hassan, S., & Getanda, E. M. (2022) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/chso.12563 · Cited by 27
“…an increase in child mental health problems globally because of the pandemic (Baird et al., 2021; Cao et al., 2020; Lee, 2020; Orgilés et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020, Zhou, 2020); for children in MWCs, this has been compounded by no or scarce resources and fragile health systems (Kola et al.,…”
BackgroundTang, W., Yan, Z., Lü, Y., & Xu, J. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.129 · Cited by 29
Predictors of COVID-19 Stress and COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance among Adolescents in Ghana
Adjaottor, E. S., Addo, F.-M., Ahorsu, F. A., Chen, H., & Ahorsu, D. K. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19137871 · Cited by 26
Abbati, G., Attaianese, F., Rosati, A., et al. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9121809 · Cited by 26
The impact of COVID-19 on adolescent psychiatric inpatient admissions
Reece, L., & Sams, D. P. (2021) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13591045211030666 · Cited by 25
“Unfortunately, for some children, the increase in home confinement may reduce their safety as they may be exposed to domestic violence or various forms of maltreatment (Clemens et al., 2020; Lee, 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialDanseco, E. R., Kurzawa, J., Sundar, P. D., Brown, J. L., & Huang, C. (2021) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/26334895211045690 · Cited by 28
“Throughout the pandemic, there has been a significant increase in the demand for mental health support as children, youth, and families have had to deal with uncertainties and stress related to the pandemic and drastic changes in their life and regular routines (e.g., Radomski et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020; Wagner,…”
BackgroundMuzyamba, C. M., Makova, O., & Mushibi, G. S. (2021) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-021-05707-4 · Cited by 26
Pisano, S., Catone, G., Gritti, A., Almerico, L., Pezzella, A., Santangelo, P., Bravaccio, C., Iuliano, R., & Senese, V. P. (2021) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-021-01036-1 · Cited by 25
“Also, based on previous studies [13, 14], we hypothesize that a previous general tendency to psychopathology, un-”
BackgroundMethodSiddik, M. A. B., Hasan, M. N., Mahmud, A., Munmun, M. S., Milad, M. H., Ali, A., Ahmed, Z., & Uddin, M. J. (2023) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295143 · Cited by 26
“The narrative assessment of research articles yielded the finding that the mental well-being of adolescents was adversely affected because of the preventive measures implemented during the pandemic [34].”
BackgroundEffects of COVID-19 on children with autism
Al‐Beltagi, M., Saeed, N. K., Bediwy, A. S., Alhawamdeh, R., & Qaraghuli, S. (2022) · World Journal of Virology · doi:10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.411 · Cited by 28
Fadhli, S. A. M., Yan, J. L. S., Halim, A. S. A., Razak, A. A., & Rahman, A. A. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10050856 · Cited by 28
Bourion-Bédès, S., Rousseau, H., Batt, M., Tarquinio, P., Lebreuilly, R., Sorsana, C., Legrand, K., Tarquinio, C., & Baumann, C. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12941-3 · Cited by 28
“Such information is important for parents, politicians, health authorities and educational institutions to take actions to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on the physical well-being of children and adolescents [37].”
BackgroundManifestation of Herpetic Eye Disease after COVID-19 Vaccine: A UK Case Series
Rallis, K. I., Fausto, R., Ting, D. S. J., Al-Aqaba, M. A., Said, D. G., & Dua, H. S. (2022) · Ocular Immunology and Inflammation · doi:10.1080/09273948.2022.2046795 · Cited by 26
Exploring COVID-19–Related Stressors: Topic Modeling Study
Leung, Y. T., & Khalvati, F. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/37142 · Cited by 27
Knapp, A. A., Hersch, E., Wijaya, C., Herrera, M. A., Kruzan, K. P., Carroll, A. J., Lee, S., Baker, A., Gray, A., Harris, V., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2023.1183319 · Cited by 27
Wang, D., Zhou, L., Chen, C., & Sun, M. (2023) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.027 · Cited by 25
“Although the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent quarantine have adverse impact on mental health among adolescents (Guessoum et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020), limited research has examined the association between COVID-19 lockdown and PLEs.”
Huang, J., & Liu, X. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05442-z · Cited by 27
“Importantly, the changes in lifestyle and social distancing brought about by lockdown can influence the mental health status of individuals, with college students being an especially vulnerable population [8].”
BackgroundGlidden, C., Howden, K., Romanescu, R. G., Hatala, A. R., Scott, I., Deleemans, J. M., Chalifour, K., Eaton, G., Gupta, A. A., Bolton, J. M., et al. (2022) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5849 · Cited by 25
“Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have been particularly vulnerable to the effects of this pandemic due to their distinguished developmental, educational, social, and emotional needs.(6) AYAs diagnosed with cancer between 15 and 39 years of age experience higher levels of anxiety, depression, and psychological distr…”
BackgroundCoping with autism during lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic
Kaku, S. M., Chandran, S., Roopa, N., Choudhary, A., Ramesh, J., Somashekariah, S., Kuduvalli, S., Rao, V. S., & Mysore, A. V. (2021) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_344_21 · Cited by 26
Langsi, R., Osuagwu, U. L., Goson, P. C., Abu, E. K., Mashige, K. P., Ekpenyong, B. N., Ovenseri-Ogbomo, G. O., Timothy, C. G., Miner, C. A., Ishaya, T., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18030899 · Cited by 29
“Children and adolescents have also had their own challenges, including the closure of schools and universities, resulting in significant disruption to daily routines and leisure, examination postponement and graduation cancellations [15, 16].”
BackgroundJeelani, A., Dkhar, S., Quansar, R., & Khan, S. M. S. (2022) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-022-00185-1 · Cited by 22
“Prolonged school closures also meant that adolescents had to spend more time in their homes [6, 7].”
BackgroundKirič, B., Novak, L. L., Lušicky, P., & Radobuljac, M. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.893040 · Cited by 24
Mixed reality simulations for social-emotional learning
Murphy, K. M., Cook, A. L., & Fallon, L. M. (2021) · Phi Delta Kappan · doi:10.1177/0031721721998152 · Cited by 28
Teachers voices on school reopening in Indonesia during COVID-19 pandemic
Amri, A., Tebe, Y., Siantoro, A., Indrawati, M., & Prihadi, C. (2021) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100218 · Cited by 25
Tardif‐Grenier, K., Archambault, I., Dupéré, V., Marks, A. K., & Olivier, É. (2021) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-021-09895-x · Cited by 28
“This result is congruent with the conclusions of a review of various studies conducted with children and adolescents which suggests that taking up creative activities help to manage mental health [41].”
ResultRacial and Ethnic Representation in Preventive Intervention Research: a Methodological Study
Buckley, P. R., Murry, V. M., Gust, C. J., Ladika, A., & Pampel, F. C. (2023) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-023-01564-8 · Cited by 23
Afrin, S., Nasrullah, S. M., Dalal, K., Tasnim, Z., Benzadid, S., Humayra, F., Saif‐Ur‐Rahman, K., & Hawlader, M. D. H. (2022) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00819-3 · Cited by 26
“We discovered that using social networking sites and any form of online leisure (excluding online games) increased the risk of depression and stress among teenagers [37, 38].”
BackgroundResultConfined Students: A Visual-Emotional Analysis of Study and Rest Spaces in the Homes
Cuerdo-Vilches, T., & Navas-Martín, M. Á. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18115506 · Cited by 24
“One of the main measures carried out was the closure of schools and educational centers [2].”
BackgroundMental Health Care Utilization Among Children and Adolescents With a Firearm Injury
Oddo, E. R., Simpson, A. N., Maldonado, L., Hink, A. B., & Andrews, A. L. (2022) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2022.5299 · Cited by 25
Marinucci, A., Grové, C., & Allen, K. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-023-09725-5 · Cited by 26
“Barriers to accessing support include long wait times for services, an overworked and limited workforce, and financial costs of services (Byrne et al., 2021; Serafini et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundPost-Traumatic Growth and Resilience among Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors: A Gendered Analysis
Adjorlolo, S., Adjorlolo, P. K., Andoh–Arthur, J., Ahiable, E. K., Kretchy, I. A., & Osafo, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610014 · Cited by 29
An in-depth statistical analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic’s initial spread in the WHO African region
James, A., Dalal, J., Kousi, T., Vivacqua, D. P. F., Câmara, D. C. P., dos Reis, I. C., Mesa, S. B., Ng’ambi, W., Ansobi, P., Bianchi, L. M., et al. (2022) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007295 · Cited by 24
Mikkelsen, H. T., Skarstein, S. O., Helseth, S., Småstuen, M. C., Haraldstad, K., & Rohde, G. E. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13737-1 · Cited by 26
“Further, as highlighted in previous studies, we emphasize that it is important to be particularly attentive to vulnerable groups whose mental health and HRQoL might already be poor—such as families with low SES, adolescents and/ or parents with mental health problems or chronic diseases and people with problems relate…”
BackgroundResultKareem, J., Thomas, S. K., Aneesh Kumar, P., & Neelakantan, M. S. (2022) · Psychology in the schools (Print) · doi:10.1002/pits.22758 · Cited by 19
“With school closures and family confinement, it is difficult for students to interact with peers, reducing opportunities for peer and academic engagement (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundForest Bathing Increases Adolescents’ Mental Well-Being: A Mixed-Methods Study
Keller, J., Kayira, J., Chawla, L., & Rhoades, J. L. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21010008 · Cited by 30
“These suggestions have included an increased emphasis on social–emotional learning (SEL) in schools [62,64,65].”
BackgroundMental Health and Positive Development Prevention Interventions: Overview of Systematic Reviews
Harrison, L., Sharma, N., Irfan, O., Zaman, M., Vaivada, T., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2022) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2021-053852g · Cited by 25
Langmeyer, A. N., Guglhör-Rudan, A., Winklhofer, U., Chabursky, S., Naab, T., & Pötter, U. (2022) · Journal of Family Research · doi:10.20377/jfr-708 · Cited by 24
“In contrast, older children’s (six to 18 years) exposure to stress manifests in increased inattention and anxiety (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundThe relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus
Debuysschere, C., Nekoua, M. P., Alidjinou, E. K., & Hober, D. (2024) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-024-01004-9 · Cited by 28
“• Public health and social measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have been a source of isolation and considerable stress, particularly for children 162 .”
Chugani, C. D., Murphy, C. E., Talis, J. M., Miller, E. B., McAneny, C., Condosta, D., Kamnikar, J., Wehrer, E., & Mazza, J. J. (2021) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-021-09472-4 · Cited by 23
The effect of two COVID-19 lockdowns on physical activity of school-age children
Єлізарова, О. Т., Stankevych, T. V., Парац, А., Polka, N. S., Lynchak, O., Diuba, N., & Hozak, S. V. (2022) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2022.01.002 · Cited by 25
van Agteren, J. E., Ali, K., Fassnacht, D. B., Iasiello, M. P., Furber, G., Howard, A., Woodyatt, L., Musker, M., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/28044 · Cited by 22
“generally points to a negative immediate consequence [33-39].”
BackgroundZhang, Y., Kuang, D., Zhang, B., Liu, Y., Ren, J., Chen, L., Ning, L., Xie, X., & Han, J. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16898 · Cited by 23
“Studies have shown that during the COVID-19 outbreak, patients and medical workers who had maintained social isolation were more prone to mental health problems, anxiety, and depression [53,54].”
Boaler, R., & Bond, C. (2023) · Educational Psychology in Practice · doi:10.1080/02667363.2023.2233084 · Cited by 25
“However, hiring school-based staff to mentor students may not be an economically viable option for some schools, particularly post COVID-19 (Singh et al., 2020), and may not support school capacity building.”
BackgroundRodríguez-Leal, L., González‐Hervías, R., Silva, L. I. M., Rodríguez-Gallego, I., Romero‐Saldaña, M., & Montesinos, J. V. B. (2023) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105753 · Cited by 22
The impact of COVID‐related economic shocks on household mental health in Pakistan
Baranov, V., Grosjean, P. A., Khan, F. J., & Walker, S. (2022) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.4571 · Cited by 26
“The economic recession caused by COVID related lockdowns has not only affected mental health in adults, but in children and adolescents as well (see Porter et al., 2021; Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundPark, J.-H., Park, J., & Jin, K. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01262-y · Cited by 23
Li, M., Hua, Y., Liao, Y., Zhou, L., Li, X., Wang, L., & Yang, J. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/39676 · Cited by 22
“These topics correspond to the literature and observations: students (especially children and adolescents) are more vulnerable to psychological disorders [50], and fuel prices frequently fluctuated during COVID-19 [51].”
Holding, E., Crowder, M., Woodrow, N., Griffin, N., Knights, N., Goyder, E., McKeown, R., & Fairbrother, H. (2022) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.14078 · Cited by 29
Reenvisioning Postpandemic Youth Sport to Meet Young People’s Mental, Emotional, and Social Needs
Whitley, M. A., Smith, A. L., Dorsch, T. E., Bowers, M. T., & Centeio, E. E. (2021) · Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000177 · Cited by 22
DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID 19 TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL ANAK DAN REMAJA : LITERATUR REVIEW
Sonartra, E. N. (2021) · Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan · doi:10.26753/jikk.v17i1.507 · Cited by 22
Polizzi, C., Burgio, S., Lavanco, G., & Alesi, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10184170 · Cited by 25
“Clinginess and the fear of contagion were more frequent in younger children aged, approximately, 3 to 6 years; inattention and inquiry persistence were more frequent in older children aged 6 to 18 years [34].”
BackgroundHodge, L., McIntyre, H., Morley, C., Briese, J., Clarke, J., & Kostecki, T. (2024) · Affilia · doi:10.1177/08861099231225228 · Cited by 22
“Indeed, young children and adolescents ’ stress can have a greater impact on emotional and social development compared to that in adults (Singh et al., 2020).”
Termine, C., Dui, L. G., Borzaga, L., Galli, V., Lipari, R., Vergani, M., Berlusconi, V., Agosti, M. A., Lunardini, F., & Ferrante, S. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02321-2 · Cited by 22
Behera, C., Gupta, S. K., Singh, S., & Balhara, Y. P. S. (2021) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102597 · Cited by 22
Self-citationIslam, M. R., Tushar, M. I., Tultul, P. S., Akter, R., Sohan, M., Anjum, R., Roy, A., Hossain, M. J., Rahman, M. A., Nahar, Z., et al. (2022) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.1008 · Cited by 23
“Such factors may be responsible for developing depressive disorder among school‐going adolescents.(14,15) Similar to other countries, the Bangladesh government has decided to close all educational institutions to prevent COVID‐19 from spreading during the early stage of the pandemic.”
BackgroundSheldrick, M. P. R., Swindell, N. J., Richards, A. B., Fairclough, S. J., & Stratton, G. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01346-5 · Cited by 24
“In addition, the physical distancing/isolation measures and resultant stressors may have negative short- and long term mental health consequences, including anxiety, depression and behavioural problems [17].”
BackgroundLindoso, L., Astley, C., Queiroz, L. B., Gualano, B., Pereira, R. M. R., Tannuri, U., Campos, L. M. A., Lourenço, B., Toma, R. K., Medeiros, K., et al. (2021) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2021.09.002 · Cited by 23
“Worsen 127 (36) 49 (44) NA Did not change 216 (61) 56 (51) Improve 12 (3) 6 (5)”
InfluentialThe relationship between student engagement and dropout risk in early adolescence
Szabó, L., Zsolnai, A., & Fehérvári, A. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Research Open · doi:10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100328 · Cited by 23
COVID-19 in US Youth Soccer Athletes During Summer 2020
Watson, A. M., Haraldsdóttir, K., Biese, K. M., Goodavish, L., Stevens, B., & McGuine, T. A. (2021) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/610-20 · Cited by 24
“Journal of Athletic Training 2021;56(6):542–547 doi: 10.”
Bianco, F., Levante, A., Petrocchi, S., Lecciso, F., & Castelli, I. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910450 · Cited by 24
Segenreich, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.852664 · Cited by 22
Telehealth and Beyond: Promoting the Mental Well-Being of Children and Adolescents During COVID
Damian, A. J., Stinchfield, K., & Kearney, R. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.793167 · Cited by 22
Narrative review: COVID-19 and pediatric anxiety
Walsh, K., Furey, W. J., & Malhi, N. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.013 · Cited by 24
“Comorbid anxiety is very common in these diagnoses, and is as likely to be exacerbated as isolated anxiety is.(15,29,56,57) One study noted an increase of social problems as defined by the Child Behavior Checklist in patients with preexisting neuropsychiatric illness.”
BackgroundInfluentialWang, L.-J.-Z., Lan, Y., Liu, S.-J., & Yan, W.-S. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05021-2 · Cited by 21
“Particularly, these symptoms would be more likely to occur among children and adolescents, mainly due to their psychological and developmental vulnerabilities associated with immaturity [5, 6].”
BackgroundStassart, C., Wagener, A., & Étienne, A.-M. (2021) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb.1059 · Cited by 21
Bliźniewska-Kowalska, K. M., Halaris, A. E., Wang, S.-C., Su, K., Maes, M. H. J., Berk, M., & Gałecki, P. (2021) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.932220 · Cited by 23
“Youth who spend a lot of time on-line, have a strong need for social contacts with their peers, are more sensitive to stigma, and are in a less stable financial situations are particularly vulnerable to developing psychological stress reactions associated with the pandemic [19,20].”
BackgroundWestern Australian adolescent emotional wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020
Thomas, H. M. M., Runions, K., Lester, L., Lombardi, K., Epstein, M., Mandzufas, J., Barrow, T., Ang, S., Leahy, A., Mullane, M. J., et al. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-021-00433-y · Cited by 21
van der Velden, P. G., Marchand, M. A. G., Das, M., Muffels, R. J. A., & Bosmans, M. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114528 · Cited by 23
Therapy dogs and school wellbeing: A qualitative study
Baird, R., Berger, E., & Grové, C. (2023) · Journal of Veterinary Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2023.08.005 · Cited by 22
Kor, A., & Shoshani, A. (2023) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107660 · Cited by 24
“enhancing mental health in general population of children and adolescents are critical (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSevere Social Anxiety Among Adolescents During COVID-19 Lockdown
Itani, M. H., Eltannir, E., Tinawi, H., Daher, D., El-Tannir, A., & Moukarzel, A. A. (2021) · Journal of Patient Experience · doi:10.1177/23743735211038386 · Cited by 27
“These new experiences are associated with uncertainty and anxiety for the developing adolescent.(6,7) While anxiety is a physiological behavioral response induced by a threat to wellbeing, social anxiety disorder is a pathological mental health problem characterized by the evasion of challenging social encounters and/…”
BackgroundXiaohong, W., Ren, J., Li, X., Li, J., & Chen, S. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03869-3 · Cited by 20
“Some studies have found that children with special needs are at heightened risk of being forced out of school education and routine rehabilitation due to the closure of schools, consequently, their behavioral problems increased and development regressed (Singh et al., 2020).”
Rawlings, N. N., Ambe, A. E., Musisi, J., Awanchiri, K., Babirye, R., Emalieu, D., Nduhukyire, L., Kakeeto, R., & Ngongalah, L. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266249 · Cited by 20
“health, economic, social, psychological and academic impacts) [8,9] which could be difficult to quantify, and may be overlooked.”
BackgroundSequeira, S. L., Silk, J. S., Hutchinson, E., Jones, N. P., & Ladouceur, C. D. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsab037 · Cited by 23
“longitudinal research, and attention and action from the health care system and policy makers (Singh et al., 2020).”
BackgroundCOVID-19 Pandemic and the Second Lockdown: The 3rd Wave of the Disease Through the Voice of Youth
Branquinho, C., Santos, A. C., Noronha, C., Ramiro, L., & de Matos, M. G. (2021) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-021-09865-6 · Cited by 20
Patwary, M. M., Bardhan, M., İnan, H. E., Browning, M. H. E. M., Disha, A. S., Haque, M. Z., Helmy, M. S., Ashraf, S., Dzhambov, A. M., Shuvo, F. K., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1334425 · Cited by 22
Sujarwo, S., Kusumawardani, E., & Nurmalasari, Y. (2022) · Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan · doi:10.21831/cp.v41i2.46265 · Cited by 20
Pandemic outbreaks and food supply chains in developing countries: A case of COVID-19 in Zimbabwe
Chari, F., Muzinda, O., Novukela, C., & Ngcamu, B. S. (2022) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2022.2026188 · Cited by 29
“Europe became the first epicentre outside of China, followed by the United States of America (Horowit, 2020).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMorgado, T. M. M., Lopes, V., Carvalho, D., & Santos, E. J. F. (2022) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep12010022 · Cited by 26
Grzejszczak, J., Strzelecki, D., Gabryelska, A., & Kotlicka‐Antczak, M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13030744 · Cited by 20
“No study has shown the positive or lack of impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the general and mental health of the pediatric population [43].”
BackgroundMitigating COVID: Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown and School Closure on Children’s Well-Being
Munir, F. (2021) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci10100387 · Cited by 21
Escaping the gilded cage: Could COVID-19 lead to improved equine welfare? A review of the literature
Hockenhull, J., & Furtado, T. (2021) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105303 · Cited by 22
Winfield, A., Sugar, C., & Fenesi, B. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283227 · Cited by 24
“While previous findings with typically developing children have also shown that the pandemic has led to increased anxiety [7,84], results from this study point to likely differences in the magnitude of negative experiences between these groups and potential differences in the long-term effects.”
ResultAdolescent Anxiety and TikTok: An Exploratory Study
Zheluk, A., Anderson, J., & Dineen‐Griffin, S. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.32530 · Cited by 28
“Further, social media may also have assisted adolescents with managing their mental health, through disseminating healthrelated recommendations, psychological first aid [44], and emotional, and peer support [45,46].”
BackgroundBerg, J. A., Woods, N. F., Shaver, J. L. F., & Kostas-Polston, E. A. (2022) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2022.05.001 · Cited by 20
“During stay-at-home or lockdown orders, teens have little opportunity to report violence, abuse and harm if they are in abusive homes (Singh et al., 2020).”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, S., Roy, D., Sinha, K., Parveen, S., Sharma, G., & Joshi, G.
- Affiliations
- King George's Medical University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Roy, Deblina
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 293
- Pages
- 113429
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7444649
- OpenAlex
- W3081076087
- Semantic Scholar
- c8e4a5b89bc2fbf62e5cebcff9fb6ec0e9fc80a7
- Cited by
- 1,727
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 120 · 2024: 234 · 2023: 377 · 2022: 515 · 2021: 406 · 2020: 28
- FWCI
- 26.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown, child mental health, adolescent mental health, quarantine, parental separation, economic hardship, school students, pre-existing mental health conditions, coping strategies, mental health support services
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Behavior, Child, Preschool, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Mental Health Services, Parents, Pneumonia, Viral, Psychiatry, Quarantine, Risk Factors, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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