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A sniff of trust: Meta-analysis of the effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on face recognition, trust to in-group, and trust to out-group
Open accessAbstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin has a popular reputation of being the 'love' hormone. Here we test meta-analytically whether experiments with intranasal administration of oxytocin provide support for the proposed effects of oxytocin. Three psychological effects were subjected to meta-analysis: facial emotion recognition (13 effect sizes, N=408), in-group trust (8 effect sizes, N=317), and out-group trust (10 effect sizes; N=505). We found that intranasal oxytocin administration enhances the recognition of facial expressions of emotions, and that it elevates the level of in-group trust. The hypothesis that out-group trust is significantly decreased in the oxytocin condition was not supported. It is concluded that a sniff of oxytocin can change emotion perception and behavior in trusting relationships.
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In the citing paper
“To date three meta-analyses of the effects of IN-OT on human behavior have been published.”
From Statistical and Methodological Considerations for the Interpretation of Intranasal Oxytocin Studies (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These studies yielded summarized effect sizes ranging from d=0.21 to d=0.48.”
From Statistical and Methodological Considerations for the Interpretation of Intranasal Oxytocin Studies (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Van IJzendoorn and Bakersmans-Kranenburg investigated the effect of IN-OT on facial emotion recognition (13 effect sizes, total N = 408), trust to in-group (8 effect sizes, total N = 317) and trust to out-group (10 effect sizes, total N = 505) (9).”
From Statistical and Methodological Considerations for the Interpretation of Intranasal Oxytocin Studies (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The meta-analyses mentioned in this paper all tested for evidence of publication bias in the IN-OT literature, with mixed results (9–11).”
From Statistical and Methodological Considerations for the Interpretation of Intranasal Oxytocin Studies (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“While none of these findings demonstrate that elevated oxytocin levels in humans directly induce greater feelings of love or interpersonal attachment—whether in the maternal-infant or adult-romantic case [45]—they do point to a clear association between oxytocin and attachment that seems to mirror what has been observed in other species.”
From Could intranasal oxytocin be used to enhance relationships? Research imperatives, clinical policy, and ethical considerations (2013) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“Some data suggest that women may be more responsive to OT than males (41), but a recent meta-analysis indicated data are insufficient to analyze gender differences even in the best studied areas, trust and facial recognition (40).”
From Chronic intranasal oxytocin causes long-term impairments in partner preference formation in male prairie voles (2013) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“we have demonstrated that emotion discrimination abilities in mice are dependent on the OXT system”
From Oxytocin Signaling in the Central Amygdala Modulates Emotion Discrimination in Mice (2019) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“OXT has been associated with social cognitive functions, such as emotion recognition [8-10, 33-36, 38, 39].”
From Oxytocin Signaling in the Central Amygdala Modulates Emotion Discrimination in Mice (2019) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“Several human studies showed that intranasal oxytocin can facilitate trust and prosocial behavior [40,41].”
From Efficacy of oxytocin administration early after psychotrauma in preventing the development of PTSD: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“OT has been found to increase in-group trust, pro-social behavior and neural reward sensitivity to social stimuli in men and women (eg, Groppe et al, 2013;Van IJzendoorn and Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2012;Preckel et al, 2014;Striepens et al, 2014).”
From Intranasal oxytocin administration dampens amygdala reactivity towards emotional faces in male and female PTSD patients (2016) · cites this paper as Van IJzendoorn and Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J.
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 438-443
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1973561392
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 4.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (453-09-003)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Keywords
- oxytocin, intranasal administration, face recognition (cognition), facial emotion recognition, trust, in-group trust, outgroup trust, social cognition, neuropeptides
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Clinical Trials as Topic, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Oxytocin, Peer Group, Photic Stimulation, Sex Characteristics, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Recognition, Psychology, Trust
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