The Challenge of Translation in Social Neuroscience: A Review of Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Affiliative Behavior
Open accessAbstract
Social neuroscience is rapidly exploring the complex territory between perception and action where recognition, value, and meaning are instantiated. This review follows the trail of research on oxytocin and vasopressin as an exemplar of one path for exploring the "dark matter" of social neuroscience. Studies across vertebrate species suggest that these neuropeptides are important for social cognition, with gender- and steroid-dependent effects. Comparative research in voles yields a model based on interspecies and intraspecies variation of the geography of oxytocin receptors and vasopressin V1a receptors in the forebrain. Highly affiliative species have receptors in brain circuits related to reward or reinforcement. The neuroanatomical distribution of these receptors may be guided by variations in the regulatory regions of their respective genes. This review describes the promises and problems of extrapolating these findings to human social cognition, with specific reference to the social deficits of autism.
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In animals, oxytocin increases social approach and social memory, both of which are impaired in persons with autism.
“In animals, oxytocin increases social approach and social memory,1 both of which are impaired in persons with autism.”
From Intranasal Oxytocin in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
OXT promotes the formation of pair-bonds in females, while arginine vasopressin is more important in males.
“Research on monogamous mammals, particularly prairie voles, has shown that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) promotes the formation of pair-bonds in females, with a related peptide, argininevasopressin being more important in males (Donaldson and Young, 2008;Insel, 2010).”
From Oxytocin Modulates Social Distance between Males and Females (2012) · cites this paper as Insel, 2010
The oxytocin receptor has long been associated with the display of social behavior in rodents.
“The last candidate gene we examined, the oxytocin receptor, has long been associated with the display of social behavior in rodents [34].”
From Gestational Exposure to Low Dose Bisphenol A Alters Social Behavior in Juvenile Mice (2011) · cites this paper as [34]
These studies suggest that oxytocin facilitates affiliation and social attachment.
“These studies suggest that oxytocin facilitates affiliation and social attachment [548].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [548]
A contributive mechanism regulating in-group cooperation during intergroup conflicts in humans involves the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin.
“Studies suggest that a contributive mechanism regulating in-group cooperation during intergroup conflicts in humans involves the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin, known to influence trust, coordination, and social cognition, although evidence from natural settings is lacking.”
From Oxytocin reactivity during intergroup conflict in wild chimpanzees (2017) · cites this paper as [6]
The interface between oxytocin and the dopaminergic reward system may contribute to the success of mother-infant and pair-bonding processes.
“It is thought that the interface between oxytocin and the dopaminergic reward system may contribute to the success of mother-infant and pair-bonding processes [18,[75][76][77].”
From Food sharing is linked to urinary oxytocin levels and bonding in related and unrelated wild chimpanzees (2014) · cites this paper as [18]
Oxytocin receptor distributions are highly variable across species, and to some extent within species.
“However, oxytocin receptor distributions are highly variable across species, and to some extent within species (Insel, 2010), suggesting considerable functional variation is likely between species (Goodson and Thompson, 2010) and within species (Insel, 2010).”
From Endogenous peripheral oxytocin measures can give insight into the dynamics of social relationships: a review (2014) · cites this paper as Insel, 2010
Considerable functional variation in oxytocin is likely between species and within species.
“However, oxytocin receptor distributions are highly variable across species, and to some extent within species (Insel, 2010), suggesting considerable functional variation is likely between species (Goodson and Thompson, 2010) and within species (Insel, 2010).”
From Endogenous peripheral oxytocin measures can give insight into the dynamics of social relationships: a review (2014) · cites this paper as Insel, 2010
Oxytocin facilitates social cognition, enhances social memory, social recognition and attention, and operates in the reward centers of the brain.
“Furthermore, it facilitates social cognition, enhances social memory, social recognition and attention, and operates in the reward centers of the brain (Insel, 2010).”
From Endogenous peripheral oxytocin measures can give insight into the dynamics of social relationships: a review (2014) · cites this paper as Insel, 2010
This is potentially a crucial feature of social bond formation and maintenance.
“This is potentially a crucial feature of social bond formation and maintenance (Broad et al., 2006; Insel, 2010).”
From Endogenous peripheral oxytocin measures can give insight into the dynamics of social relationships: a review (2014) · cites this paper as Insel, 2010
Systemic loss of oxytocin or oxytocin receptors disrupts maternal nurturing behaviours in mice.
“Systemic loss of either oxytocin or oxytocin receptors (Oxt−/− and Oxtr−/−) disrupts maternal nurturing behaviours in mice7,8.”
From Vascular RAGE transports oxytocin into the brain to elicit its maternal bonding behaviour in mice (2019) · cites this paper as [7]
Clinical studies have linked autism and Asperger's disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders to oxytocin deficiency.
“Clinical studies have linked autism and Asperger’s disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders to oxytocin deficiency7,8,54, and the potential use of exogenous oxytocin to treat these conditions is being assessed in clinical trials10,11,54–57.”
From Vascular RAGE transports oxytocin into the brain to elicit its maternal bonding behaviour in mice (2019) · cites this paper as [7]
Oxytocin is crucial in many aspects of social behavior, including affiliation and reward.
“This neuropeptide is crucial in many aspects of social behavior, including affiliation6 and reward.7”
From Enhancement of anandamide-mediated endocannabinoid signaling corrects autism-related social impairment (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
OT appears to rescue some social deficits in individuals with psychopathological conditions.
“One of the most exciting findings from recent OT studies is that the peptide appears to rescue some social deficits in individuals with psychopathological conditions (for a review, see: Insel, 2010; Meyer-Lindenberg et al., 2011).”
From Oxytocin and social cognition in rhesus macaques: Implications for understanding and treating human psychopathology (2014) · cites this paper as Insel, 2010
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- Authors
- Insel, T. R.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Insel, Thomas R.
- ORCID
- Insel, Thomas R.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 768-779
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2847497
- OpenAlex
- W2166273490
- Cited by
- 1,044
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 72 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 98 · 2013: 80 · 2012: 89
- FWCI
- 9.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 MH999999)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Keywords
- oxytocin, vasopressin, affiliative behavior, social cognition, oxytocin receptor, vasopressin V1a receptor, voles, social behavior genetics, reward systems, autism spectrum disorder, gender differences, steroid hormones, neuropeptides
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Nerve Net, Neurosciences, Oxytocin, Social Behavior, Protein Biosynthesis, Vasopressins
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