Acute effects of intranasal oxytocin on subjective and behavioral responses to social rejection.
Abstract
The hormone and neuropeptide oxytocin is believed to buffer against social stress and reduce social-threat perception. We employed a widely used ostracism paradigm, Cyberball, to investigate whether oxytocin ameliorated the acute behavioral and affective consequences of social rejection. In a double-blind, randomized, between-subjects design, 74 healthy male and female participants were administered intranasal oxytocin or placebo and subsequently ostracized or included during this virtual ball-tossing game. Ostracized participants reported negative affective and attachment-related reactions, as well as a significant motivational change in increased desire to be involved in the game; these effects were not influenced by oxytocin. Intranasal oxytocin did, however, increase included participants' desire to play again with the same participants, suggesting oxytocin enhanced desire for future social engagement following inclusion. These findings are argued to provide evidence that the effects of oxytocin in promoting social approach behavior may be context specific and sensitive to positive social cues. The results suggest that in an explicitly aversive context, oxytocin does not buffer against the immediate impact of blunt social rejection.
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Oxytocin plays an important role in social interaction and social decision-making, including promoting social motivation, increasing trust and cooperation with own-group members, and reducing social distance.
“Oxytocin has been found to play an important role in social interaction and social decision-making 22 , including promoting social motivation 23 , increasing trust and cooperation with own-group members 24 , and reducing social distance 25 .”
From Oxytocin modulates social value representations in the amygdala (2019) · cites this paper as [23]
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Effects of Oxytocin on Emotion Recognition in Schizophrenia
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“We further assumed that social exclusion (vs inclusion) would lead to lower affective responses (i.e. lower mood and lower need satisfaction) (Sebastian et al. 2010) and reduced neural responses to social exclusion exerting a blunted stress response (Alvares et al. 2010).”
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“…also be investigated as part of this system because oxytocin has been shown to increase the activity of dopaminergic pathways (Gordon et al., 2010), activate brain areas responsible for empathy (Riem et al., 2011), and increase desire to engage prosocially (Alvares et al., 2010; Taylor, 2006).”
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Human, L. J., Thorson, K. R., Woolley, J. D., & Mendes, W. B. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.03.002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The lack of effect of OT administration on self-reported affect is in line with previous studies that have found little effect of OT administration on self-reported affect (Alvares et al., 2010; Buchheim et al., 2009; Kirsch et al., 2005; Kosfeld et al., 2005; Linnen et al., 2012).”
ResultOxytocin amplifies the influence of good intentions on social judgments
Zhang, J., Zhou, C., & Yu, R. (2019) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104589 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Naderi, S., Vousooghi, N., Sadighii, N., Batouli, S. A. H., Mirzaii, F., & Razaghi, E. M. (2020) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs.104627 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The significance of this finding is that lower depression and anxiety scores were recorded just after 72 hours of marathon group activity, reflecting the acute effect of oxytocin (29, 43-46).”
BackgroundShen, G., Wang, W., Wu, Y., Luo, X., Wang, K., Chen, Y., Kang, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, F., & Chen, L. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06529-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The pandemic should catalyze research on social pain: Examining oxytocin administration studies
Tabak, B. A. (2022) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108315 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
On Embodied and Situational Morality
van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J. (2011) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6091-716-5_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Oxytocin administration is a potential tool for behavioral management in felids
Burkhart, J. C., Heilbronner, S. R., & Packer, C. (2023) · Frontiers in Mammal Science · doi:10.3389/fmamm.2023.1148214 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“, 2007), enhancing future involvement (Alvares et al., 2010), and promoting long-term bonds (Insel, 2010).”
BackgroundExperimental Methods for Understanding the Role of Social Context in Drug Addiction
Kirkpatrick, M. G., & Wardle, M. C. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118384404.ch19
Weigand, A. (2013) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-5014
Effect of intranasal oxytocin on pro-social behavior in social anxiety disorder
Fang, A. (2014) · OpenBU (Boston University)
Rodríguez, M. M. D. (2014) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2164-8204.jn19.4.225
Woerner, J. I. (2017) · Human Biology
Neurobiologia del cervello sociale nei disturbi d'ansia e dell'umore - Mini-review
Porcelli, S. (2023) · QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA · doi:10.3280/qpc51-2022oa15181
Akkermans, S. E. A. (2012) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Linnen, A. (2011) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)
- Authors
- Alvares, G. A., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Venue
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 316-321
- ISSN
- 1064-1297 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-2293
- OpenAlex
- W2032705776
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 15.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Brain & Mind Research Institute
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- oxytocin, social rejection, ostracism, Cyberball, intranasal administration, attachment, negative affect, social approach behavior, social engagement
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Adolescent, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Oxytocics, Oxytocin, Rejection, Psychology, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Stress, Psychological, Internet, Young Adult
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