The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 13 of the 68 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity
Open accessAbstract
Romantic relationships can have a profound effect on adults' health and well-being whereas the inability to maintain intimate bonds has been associated with physical and emotional distress. Studies in monogamous mammalian species underscore the central role of oxytocin (OT) in pair-bonding and human imaging studies implicate OT-rich brain areas in early romantic love. To assess the role of OT in romantic attachment, we examined plasma OT in 163 young adults: 120 new lovers (60 couples) three months after the initiation of their romantic relationship and 43 non-attached singles. Twenty-five of the 36 couples who stayed together were seen again six months later. Couples were observed in dyadic interactions and were each interviewed regarding relationship-related thoughts and behaviors. OT was significantly higher in new lovers compared to singles, F(1,152)=109.33, p<.001, which may suggest increased activity of the oxytocinergic system during the early stages of romantic attachment. These high levels of OT among new lovers did not decrease six months later and showed high individual stability. OT correlated with the couples' interactive reciprocity, including social focus, positive affect, affectionate touch, and synchronized dyadic states, and with anxieties and worries regarding the partner and the relationship, findings which parallel those described for parent-infant bonding. OT levels at the first assessment differentiated couples who stayed together six months later from those who separated during this period. Regression analysis showed that OT predicted interactive reciprocity independent of sex, relationship duration, and the partner's OT. Findings suggest that OT may play an important role at the first stages of romantic attachment and lend support to evolutionary models suggesting that parental and romantic attachment share underlying bio-behavioral mechanisms.
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Claims the paper makes
13 of 68 cited sources checked · 3 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In particular, the initial stage of a romantic relationship has been associated with greater neural activity in the left posterior cingulate cortex and caudate regions (Aron et al., 2005; Bartels and Zeki, 2000; Kim et al., 2009) as compared to later stages of the relationship.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Aron et al., 2005 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bartels and Zeki, 2000 source
- Partly supportedcites Kim et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (‘Neural activities 180 days after the preliminary scan’; page unavailable) report less activation in the right caudate after 180 days, supporting greater initial caudate activity. But they report increased activation in both cingulate gyrus areas (BA 31 and BA 33) at follow-up, not greater initial activation in the left posterior cingulate cortex. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“On the other hand, activations of cortical regions including the anterior cingulate, insular cortex, and ventral pallidum were increased in long-term pair-bonds (Aron et al., 2005; Bartels and Zeki, 2000; Kim et al., 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Aron et al., 2005 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bartels and Zeki, 2000 source
- Partly supportedcites Kim et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Neural activities 180 days after the preliminary scan; page not provided) report increased activation in both cingulate gyri after 180 days, and the Discussion identifies the anterior cingulate as involved. The paper does not report increased activation in the insular cortex or ventral pallidum, and its comparison is a six-month follow-up of the same couples rather than a general finding about long-term pair-bonds. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“research in mammals showed that more touch and contact increased OT receptor density (Champagne et al., 2001).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Champagne et al., 2001 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that rat mothers with more pup licking/grooming had higher oxytocin receptor binding in several brain regions, but found no group difference in time spent in physical contact with pups. The Discussion describes an association and suggests that receptor differences may help drive licking/grooming; it does not show that more touch or contact caused receptor density to increase. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Although much research has focused on the neurobiological basis of bond formation, studies have mainly addressed the maternal–infant bond (Gordon et al., 2011).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Gordon et al., 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (section 1; page unavailable) describes research on the biobehavioral mechanisms of bond formation, and section 2 discusses studies of maternal–infant interactions. But the paper also discusses paternal–infant and adult bonds, and the passages do not establish that studies have mainly addressed the maternal–infant bond. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Both the early stages of romantic love and early parental love are characterized by typical behaviors, mental states, and activations of specific brain structures (Atzil et al., 2011; Bartels and Zeki, 2004; Leckman et al., 1999; van Anders et al., 2011).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Atzil et al., 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes characteristic maternal behaviors and brain regions involved in human parenting, while the Discussion links maternal behavior to mental processes and neural activation. This supports the early parental-love portion, but the paper does not discuss the behaviors, mental states, and brain activations of early romantic love; romantic love appears only in reference titles. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bartels and Zeki, 2004 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Leckman et al., 1999 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“OT was significantly higher in new lovers compared to singles, F(1, 152) = 109.33, p < .001”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Results indicated a significant group effect, F(1, 152) = 109.33, p < .001, partial η2 = .42, with substantially higher levels of plasma OT among new lovers compared to non-attached singles (Fig. 1).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regression analysis showed that OT predicted interactive reciprocity independent of sex, relationship duration, and the partner’s OT.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“the individual’s OT level had an independent contribution to the prediction of his or her Interactive Reciprocity above and beyond the partner’s OT (Table 4).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, couples whose narrative was marked by greater Worry, indicating more time spent in thoughts of the partner and the relationship, had higher OT at the initial assessment (r = .19, p < .05).”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“and with anxieties and worries regarding the partner and the relationship”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results show that the partner’s OT was marginally predictive of the reciprocal style of the partner; however, the individual’s OT level had an independent contribution to the prediction of his or her Interactive Reciprocity above and beyond the partner’s OT (Table 4).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Period of the menstrual cycle in those women who did not take contraceptive pills was not controlled in the study, but no correlation was found between number of days since the last menstruation of these women and their OT levels.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 27
- It may state two separate claims as one. 27
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In addition, research has shown that the early stages of romantic love may be linked to alterations in plasma levels of cortisol, sex steroids, nerve growth factor (NGF), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (Marazziti et al., 2009), as well as decreased density of the serotonin transporter in platelets (Emanuele et al., 2006; Marazziti et al., 1999; Marazziti and Canale, 2004), suggesting”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Marazziti et al., 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports an association between plasma BDNF and romantic attachment in women, and reports higher NGF in people who had recently fallen in love. It does not link cortisol or sex-steroid levels to early romantic love, nor establish that its BDNF finding concerns the early stage. The platelet serotonin-transporter claim has separate citations in the citing sentence and is not attributed to this paper. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Emanuele et al., 2006 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Marazziti et al., 1999 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In humans, intranasal administration of OT was found to increase bonding-related behavior, including gaze to eye region (Guastella et al., 2008), interpersonal trust and empathy (Hurlemann et al., 2010; Kosfeld et al., 2005), and social cognition (Kirsch et al., 2005).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Guastella et al., 2008 source
- Supportedcites Hurlemann et al., 2010 source
The Abstract reports that intranasal oxytocin increased emotional empathy in healthy adult men, but not cognitive empathy. The Introduction also reports evidence that oxytocin enhances interpersonal trust, citing earlier studies. The eye-gaze and social-cognition claims are attributed to other citations in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Partly supportedcites Kosfeld et al., 2005 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract and LETTERS report that intranasal oxytocin increased trusting behavior in humans. They do not report an increase in empathy, which the citing sentence groups with interpersonal trust under the Kosfeld citation. Gaze to the eye region and social cognition are attributed to other cited papers in that sentence. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, findings regarding peripheral OT are mixed. Whereas some found links between plasma OT and positive communication, affiliation, and emotional support (Gonzaga et al., 2006; Grewen et al., 2005; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2008), others showed associations with negative emotions, anxiety, and distress in romantic couples (Marazziti et al., 2006; Tabak et al., 2010; Taylor et al., 2010).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gonzaga et al., 2006 source
- Partly supportedcites Marazziti et al., 2006 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report a positive association between plasma oxytocin and romantic-attachment anxiety (r = 0.30, p = 0.04). The paper does not report associations with negative emotions or distress, and the Results note that some participants were not in a romantic relationship, so its sample cannot be described simply as romantic couples. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Partly supportedcites Tabak et al., 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that peripheral oxytocin reactivity was associated with post-conflict anxiety and lack of forgiveness in women following interpersonal harms. But the Methods include harms involving friends and relatives as well as romantic partners, and the Results found no significant association between baseline oxytocin and post-conflict anxiety. This source therefore supports the distress association, but not a finding specifically about romantic couples or baseline plasma oxytocin. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Specifically, OT has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of pair-bond formation in monogamous mammals (Ross and Young, 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Ross and Young, 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 1.7, Social Bonding in Adults (page not provided), reports convincing evidence that oxytocin is critical for partner-preference formation in female monogamous prairie voles. It says the role in males is less clear and that whether oxytocin is involved in pair bonding in other monogamous species remains to be determined. The claim extends the established finding beyond the population the review supports. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Experiments were conducted in a comfortable laboratory during the mid-afternoon hours, in light of previous research suggesting stability in the diurnal cycle of plasma OT in the afternoon and evening hours (Forsling et al., 1998).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Procedure
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Forsling et al., 1998 source
The Fluid balance section (page unavailable) reports that plasma oxytocin concentrations were lowest during the afternoon and evening, then rose steeply after midnight. That pattern supports the citing sentence’s hedged description of relative stability during the afternoon and evening. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Third, although increasing literature suggests that arginine vasopressin is involved in pair bonding along with OT (Donaldson et al., 2010), the current study did not measure vasopressin.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Donaldson et al., 2010 source
The paper reports that vasopressin V1a receptor signaling is necessary for partner-preference formation and expression in male prairie voles (Abstract; no page supplied). Its Methods section also discusses oxytocin receptors in the context of social behavior. The statement that the citing authors’ current study did not measure vasopressin is not attributed to Donaldson et al. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pearson correlations indicated that OT was not associated with sex, body weight, height, smoking, contraceptive pills (58% of women were taking contraceptive pills), time since last meal, or sexual activity of the subject.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, OT was related to specific bonding-related behaviors and to preoccupations and worries in both parents and romantic partners.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Consistent with the parental bonding literature, associations were found between OT levels and the couple’s reciprocal interactive behavior and mental preoccupations and worries.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“As seen, interactive behaviors such as affectionate touch, interpersonal focus, and matched dyadic states, which are central for the formation of parent–infant synchrony in both mothers and fathers (Feldman and Eidelman, 2007) and are associated with parental OT (Feldman et al., 2011), were central components of the reciprocity formed between romantic partners and similarly correlated with OT.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The CIB has good psychometric properties and has shown sensitivity to differences related to child age, interactive partner, cultural background, and risk conditions, and has been validated in numerous studies (Feldman, 2010; Feldman and Eidelman, 2009; Feldman and Klein, 2003; Feldman et al., 2001).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Behavioral measures
What the sources say
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No differences in demographic conditions were found between new lovers and singles, between new lovers who did or did not stay together, or between those who did or did not return for the follow-up assessment.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Participants
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Coding was conducted by coders trained to reliability and inter-rated reliability, conducted on 10% of the sample, exceeded 85% on all codes. Coders were blind to all other information.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Behavioral measures
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The Interactive Reciprocity construct of the CIB has been extensively used in research spanning infancy to adolescence and has shown to be stable over the first 13 years of life, to predict adjustment in adolescence, and to be sensitive to cultural background and high-risk parenting (Feldman, 2010; Feldman and Masalha, 2010; Feldman et al., 2003).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Behavioral measures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Feldman, 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Feldman and Masalha, 2010 source
- Not matchedcites Feldman et al., 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“subjects completed the Experience in Close Relationships scale (ECR), a well-known measure of attachment in adults (Brennan et al., 1998).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Interview measures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brennan et al., 1998
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interviews were audiotaped and were then coded by two trained coders, with inter-rated reliability on 10% of the sample exceeding 90% on all topics. Coders did not participate in conducting the interviews and were blind to all other hormonal, behavioral, self-report and demographic information.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Interview measures
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The biochemist conducting the analysis was blind to any information related to relational status (single, in relationship), sex, or behavioral and interview data.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Oxytocin assay
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The intra-assay coefficients are 5.4% for the medium-high range and 12.4% for low range. The inter-assay coefficients were 8.7% for the medium–high range and 14.5%, for low range.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Oxytocin assay
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Plasma OT values at the first assessment, D(52) = .26, p < .05, as well as at the follow up, D(52) = .17, p < .05, were non-normal. Therefore, prior to statistical analysis OT values were log-transformed to correct for their non-Gaussian distribution.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“findings which parallel those described for parent–infant bonding”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“OT is a nonapeptide hormone associated with affiliative bonding in mammals (Insel et al., 1997) that is known to mediate social behavior, pair-bonding, and parental attachment across a variety of species (Carter, 1998).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“OT has also been shown to play a role in human parenting and peripheral levels of OT have been associated with reciprocal parent–infant interactions in both mothers and fathers (Feldman et al., 2010).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Feldman et al., 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“recent findings showed associations between plasma OT, genetic variability in the CD38 rs3796863 SNP, and the degree of reciprocity and touch between parents and their infants (Feldman et al., in press), pointing to the potential involvement of OT in the development of reciprocal interactions between”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Feldman et al., in press
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Determination of OT concentrations in plasma was performed using a commercial OT enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Assay Design, Ann Arbor, MI) consistent with previous research (Carter et al., 2007; Feldman et al., 2007; Gordon et al., 2008).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Oxytocin assay
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, since we did not examine the same individuals prior to falling in love and again at the initial stages of romantic attachment, it is not possible to fully determine whether OT levels increased in response to the onset of a romantic relationship or whether OT represents a trait-like dimension of the individual and individuals with higher OT are more likely to fall in love.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Acevedo et al. (2011) found higher activations among romantically attached individuals in regions implicated in pair-bonding in monogamous rodents, and OT administration has shown to increase couples’ positive communication (Ditzen et al., 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ditzen et al., 2009 source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“OT has also been shown to play a role in human parenting and peripheral levels of OT have been associated with reciprocal parent–infant interactions in both mothers and fathers (Feldman et al., 2010).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Feldman et al., 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Consistent with perspectives suggesting that periods of parental and romantic bonding share underlying mechanisms, this factor is similar to the one used in parenting research, describes a unique mental state in parents during the postpartum period (Feldman et al., 1999; Leckman et al., 1999), and has shown to correlate with parental OT (Feldman et al., 2007).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Methods and materials > Interview measures
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similarly, warm contact between romantic partners has been associated with elevations in a subset of serum proteins (Matsunaga et al., 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Matsunaga et al., 2009
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In addition, research has pointed to the central role of transmembrane glycoprotein CD38 in OT neuropathways and in the release of OT from axon terminalis (Jin et al., 2007), and recent findings showed associations between plasma OT, genetic variability in the CD38 rs3796863 SNP, and the degree of reciprocity and touch between parents and their infants (Feldman et al., in press), pointing to the”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jin et al., 2007 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In addition, the early stages of parenting has shown to be accompanied by heightened sensitivity to infant cues and mental preoccupations and worries, which similarly correlate with OT (Feldman et al., 2007) and are essential for the formation of the parent’s bond to the infant (Feldman et al., 1999; Leckman et al., 1999).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Because the links between central and peripheral OT are not fully understood, it is not clear whether plasma levels reflect central activity of the system, although studies in both humans and animals point to coordination between central and peripheral levels (Burri et al., 2008; Wotjak et al., 1998).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Previous research reported an increase in plasma OT levels during sexual arousal and orgasm in both men and women (Carmichael et al., 1987, 1994).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Carmichael et al., 1987, 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Dysfunctional romantic relationships and unreciprocated love have been associated with substantial psychological distress and suicidal behavior (Canetto and Lester, 2002; Emanuele, 2009).”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, we did not measure genetic variability in the OT receptor gene, the CD38 gene, or allelic variations that may impact physiological and behavioral processes at the initiation of romantic love.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the ELISA OT assay that had been conducted in the study had relatively high intra- and interassay CVs.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study to investigate romantic attachment from a developmental biochemical perspective.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although we know that lovers were heterosexual, we did not collect this information from singles.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, it is important to note that the results do not imply a causal relationship between the beginning of a romantic relationship and higher OT values and it is possible that individuals with high OT also form romantic attachments more readily.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, due to obvious constraints in human research, we did not measure OT at the neurochemical brain level.”
§ Oxytocin during the initial stages of romantic attachment: Relations to couples’ interactive reciprocity > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
No prior study had examined peripheral oxytocin levels across the initial period of romantic love.
“However, we are aware of no study that examined peripheral levels of OT across the initial period of romantic love.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Touch is a central and dyadic component of romantic relationships.
“based on the assumption that touch is a central and dyadic component of romantic relationships, whereas in the parent–child relationship it is a central but parental component of the exchange.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In adult-adult interaction, interpersonal focus is the age-matched parallel to the infant gaze-synchrony code.
“Similarly, in adult–adult interaction “interpersonal focus” was considered the age-matched parallel to the code of “gaze synchrony” in infancy.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Little research has examined circulating oxytocin levels during the initial period of falling in love.
“little research examined circulating OT levels during the initial period of falling in love”
The paper relies on this without support.
Significantly less is known about romantic attachment as a form of social affiliation in adult life.
“Significantly less is known about one of the most important forms of social affiliation in adult life – romantic attachment”
The paper relies on this without support.
Romantic relationships have a profound effect on adult life.
“romantic relationships have a profound effect on adult life”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“While, compared with singles, basal concentrations of OXT in blood are increased in couples during the early stages of romantic love and stay significantly elevated in couples remaining together 6 months later (Schneiderman et al., 2012), our results suggest that further augmentation of endogenous OXT release is necessary to produce fidelity-enhancing effects.”
From Oxytocin Modulates Social Distance between Males and Females (2012) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al., 2012
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“and consequently, OXT levels are higher in new lovers than in unattached singles (24).”
From Oxytocin enhances brain reward system responses in men viewing the face of their female partner (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Animal24 and human studies25 indicate that similar neural systems and behavioral patterns underpin the parent-infant and pair bonds and demonstrate that both forms of human attachment are characterized by behavioral synchrony26–28.”
From Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“The paradigm involves planning a fun day to spend together and has been previously validated at our lab28,61.”
From Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“During naturalistic interactions, romantic partners exhibit online coordination of gaze and affect patterns9 and an increase in oxytocin levels that correlates with the degree of social synchrony28.”
From Brain-to-Brain Synchrony during Naturalistic Social Interactions (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“OT in humans is also higher during early romantic relationships, is correlated with couples’ interactive reciprocity, and predicts which couples will stay together after 6 months (Schneiderman et al 2012).”
From The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction (2012) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al 2012
In the citing paper
“In contrast, in humans there is less evidence that the OT system plays a role in pair bond formation (e.g., Schneiderman et al. 2012), but the brain OT system does seem to be important for its maintenance (Hurlemann and Scheele 2016).”
From Oxytocin and Social Relationships: From Attachment to Bond Disruption (2017) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“During the early stages of romantic relationships, OXT plasma concentrations are elevated in new lovers compared with singles (55).”
From Dissecting the Role of Oxytocin in the Formation and Loss of Social Relationships (2016) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“In regards to the influence of oxytocin on such attachments, Schneiderman and colleagues observed heightened plasma levels of oxytocin in new couples (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
From Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine (2014) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“Higher plasma oxytocin levels were associated with higher levels of interaction between the couples and predicted which couples would remain together 6 months later (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
From Oxytocin, motivation and the role of dopamine (2014) · cites this paper as Schneiderman et al., 2012
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- ConsistentF(1, 152) = 109.33reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(1, 152) = 109.33, p < .001”
- Consistentt(43) = 0.91reported p = .37 · recomputed p = .368
“t(43) = .91, p = .37”
- ConsistentF(1, 97) = 4.67reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .033
“F(1, 97) = 4.67, p < .05”
- Consistentχ²(1) = 4.64reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .031
“χ2(1) = 4.64, p < .05”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.
Citations
Cites
(1998) · Cited by 3,968
Oxytocin increases trust in humans
Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P. J., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03701 · Cited by 3,690 · cited 2×
“, 2008), interpersonal trust and empathy (Hurlemann et al., 2010; Kosfeld et al., 2005), and social cognition (Kirsch et al.”
Attachment theory and close relationships
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Oxytocin Modulates Neural Circuitry for Social Cognition and Fear in Humans
Kirsch, P., Esslinger, C., Chen, Q., Mier, D., Lis, S., Siddhanti, S., Gruppe, H., Mattay, V. S., Gallhofer, B., & Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3984-05.2005 · Cited by 1,639 · cited 2×
“, 2005), and social cognition (Kirsch et al., 2005).”
The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love
Bartels, A., & Zeki, S. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.11.003 · Cited by 1,497 · cited 1×
“Both the early stages of romantic love and early parental love are characterized by typical behaviors, mental states, and activations of specific brain structures (Atzil et al., 2011; Bartels and Zeki, 2004; Leckman et al., 1999; van Anders et al., 2011).”
Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love
Sue Carter, C. (1998) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00055-9 · Cited by 1,425 · cited 3×
“, 1997) that is known to mediate social behavior, pair-bonding, and parental attachment across a variety of species (Carter, 1998).”
The neural basis of romantic love
Bartels, A., & Zeki, S. (2000) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200011270-00046 · Cited by 1,020
Reward, Motivation, and Emotion Systems Associated With Early-Stage Intense Romantic Love
Aron, A., Fisher, H., Mashek, D. J., Strong, G., Li, H., & Brown, L. L. (2005) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00838.2004 · Cited by 963 · cited 3×
“In particular, the initial stage of a romantic relationship has been associated with greater neural activity in the left posterior cingulate cortex and caudate regions (Aron et al., 2005; Bartels and Zeki, 2000; Kim et al., 2009) as compared to later stages of the relationship.”
Oxytocin and the Neural Mechanisms Regulating Social Cognition and Affiliative Behavior
Ross, H. E., & Young, L. J. (2009) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.05.004 · Cited by 856 · cited 1×
“Specifically, OT has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of pair-bond formation in monogamous mammals (Ross and Young, 2009).”
Ditzen, B., Schaer, M., Gabriel, B., Bodenmann, G., Ehlert, U., & Heinrichs, M. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.011 · Cited by 805 · cited 3×
“(2011) found higher activations among romantically attached individuals in regions implicated in pair-bonding in monogamous rodents, and OTadministration has shown to increase couples’ positive communication (Ditzen et al., 2009).”
Flagged first, then by citations
8 of the 76 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 315
An attachment theoretical perspective for the neural representation of close others
Laurita, A. C., Hazan, C., & Spreng, R. N. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz010 · Cited by 31
Oxytocin and interpersonal relationships
Patin, A., Scheele, D., & Hurlemann, R. (2017) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_22 · Cited by 32
“Studies of endogenous OT levels have found that new lovers show higher levels OT than singles do, and that these levels correlate with positive relationship traits, such as affectionate touch and synchrony (Schneiderman et al. 2012).”
BackgroundBAXTER, A. B., Anderson, M., Seelke, A. M. H., Kinnally, E. L., Freeman, S. M., & Bales, K. L. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74243-1 · Cited by 26
Weinstein, T. A. R., Bales, K. L., Maninger, N., Hostetler, C. M., & Capitanio, J. P. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00295 · Cited by 27
“As mentioned in the Introduction section, reciprocity may be a key feature of relationships that are subserved by the OT system (Atzil et al., 2012; Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundFalling in love is associated with immune system gene regulation
Murray, D. R., Haselton, M. G., Fales, M. R., & Cole, S. W. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.043 · Cited by 39
Prior, N. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01370 · Cited by 27
Bajoghli, H., Joshaghani, N., Gerber, M., Mohammadi, M.-R., Holsboer‐Trachsler, E., & Brand, S. (2012) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.3109/13651501.2012.697564 · Cited by 26
“[63]), and, in adults, with insecurity as to the relationship per se (closeness; attachment; attachment avoidance; [64,56]).”
BackgroundRomantic Love vs. Drug Addiction May Inspire a New Treatment for Addiction
Zou, Z., Song, H., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01436 · Cited by 31
Oxytocin plasma levels in orgasmic and anorgasmic women
Caruso, S., Mauro, D., Scalia, G., Palermo, C. I., Rapisarda, A. M. C., & Cianci, A. (2017) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2017.1336219 · Cited by 27
“It was interesting to observe that basal concentrations of plasmatic Oxt usually increased in couples during the early stages of their romantic relationship and remained significantly elevated for up to 6months [25].”
BackgroundKogan, S. M., Bae, D., Cho, J., Smith, A. K., & Nishitani, S. (2019) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797619854735 · Cited by 27
Abraham, E., Gilam, G., Kanat‐Maymon, Y., Jacob, Y., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., Hendler, T., & Feldman, R. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.71 · Cited by 26
“In preschool, we used the adult–adult version of the CIB, which includes 33 codes applied to adult–adult discussion paradigms and has been validated in prior research using the same paradigms (Schneiderman et al, 2012, 2014; Feldman et al, 2014; Lebowitz et al, 2017).”
MethodSelf-citationAffective touch in the context of development, oxytocin signaling, and autism
Li, Q., Zhao, W., & Kendrick, K. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.967791 · Cited by 27
Neuroscience-based psychotherapy: A position paper
Cammisuli, D. M., & Castelnuovo, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1101044 · Cited by 32
“When in a safe situation, a person profoundly perceives his/her engagement, the oxytocin may also be released, supporting reciprocity, empathy, compassion, and synchronized behavior and characterizing parent– infant relationship (Schneiderman et al., 2012; Feldman, 2017).”
BackgroundMelanocortin 4 receptor stimulation improves social deficits in mice through oxytocin pathway
Mastinu, A., Premoli, M., Maccarinelli, G., Grilli, M., Memo, M., & Bonini, S. A. (2018) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.007 · Cited by 28
“Several groups measured oxytocin levels from “non extracted samples” (Schneiderman et al., 2012, Feldman et al., 2012,Weisman et al., 2013) and this generated heterogeneous results compared to results obtained with different oxytocin quantification protocols (McCullough et al., 2013; Leng and…”
The role of oxytocin in regulating loneliness in old age
Elheja, R. A., Palgi, Y., Feldman, R., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., Keisari, S., & Shamay‐Tsoory, S. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105413 · Cited by 24
Self-citationBode, A., & Kowal, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.983419 · Cited by 25
Chen, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, Q., Kou, J., Zhang, Y., Cui, H., Wernicke, J., Montag, C., Becker, B., Kendrick, K. M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.589878 · Cited by 26
You, D. S., Haney, R., Albu, S., & Meagher, M. W. (2017) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.13213 · Cited by 22
Sex-Specific Differences in Oxytocin Receptor Expression and Function for Parental Behavior
Mitre, M., Kranz, T. M., Marlin, B. J., Schiavo, J. K., Erdjument‐Bromage, H., Zhang, X., Minder, J. L., Neubert, T. A., Hackett, T. A., Chao, M. V., et al. (2017) · Gender and the Genome · doi:10.1089/gg.2017.0017 · Cited by 22
Kaplan, G. (2020) · Annals of Cognitive Science · doi:10.36959/447/347 · Cited by 23
Chen, S., Qian, A., Tao, J., Zhou, R., Fu, C., Yang, C., Lin, Q., Zhou, J., Li, J., Huang, X., et al. (2021) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-021-00521-9 · Cited by 20
Discussions and perspectives regarding oxytocin as a biomarker in human investigations
Mera, J. C. C., Molano, M. A. C., López, C. C. G., Triana, C. A., & Cotrina, J. M. (2021) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08289 · Cited by 25
Djalovski, A., Kinreich, S., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91626-0 · Cited by 20
Self-citationLi, M., Josephs, R. D., Daireaux, A., Choteau, T., Westwood, S. W., Martos, G., Wielgosz, R. I., & Li, H. (2021) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03154-5 · Cited by 18
Endogenous oxytocin and human social interactions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Burenkova, O. V., Dolgorukova, T. A., An, I., Kustova, T. A., Podturkin, A. A., Shurdova, E. M., Talantseva, O. I., Zhukova, M., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2023) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000402 · Cited by 17
Boose, K. J., White, F. J., Brand, C. M., Meinelt, A., & Snodgrass, J. J. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.012 · Cited by 18
Early Stage Romantic Love is Associated with Reduced Daily Cortisol Production
Weisman, O., Schneiderman, I., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2014) · Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology · doi:10.1007/s40750-014-0007-z · Cited by 17
“The adult-adult version of the CIB has been validated in several studies (Schneiderman et al. 2012, 2014).”
Self-citationLook at me while having sex! Eye-to-eye contact affects homosexual behaviour in bonobo females
Annicchiarico, G., Bertini, M., Cordoni, G., & Palagi, E. (2020) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-bja10034 · Cited by 17
Romantic Love Is Associated with Enhanced Inhibitory Control in an Emotional Stop-Signal Task
Song, S., Zou, Z., Song, H., Wang, Y.-M., Uquillas, F. D., Wang, H., & Chen, H. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01574 · Cited by 18
“Importantly, significantly elevated plasma OT has been found during the early stages of human romantic relationships (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultHormonal reactivity during martial arts practice among high-risk youths
Harwood‐Gross, A., Feldman, R., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., & Rassovsky, Y. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104806 · Cited by 15
“…attachment bonds (Insel, 2010) and, in humans, linked to social a ffi liation in parent-child attachment (Feldman et al., 2010), romantic relationships (Schneiderman et al., 2012), and to the ‘ tend and defend ’ behaviors witnessed in inter-group situations (De Dreu et al., 2010; Levy et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Prairie Vole Model of Pair-Bonding and Its Sensitivity to Addictive Substances
Potretzke, S., & Ryabinin, A. E. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02477 · Cited by 20
Zhang, K., Fan, Y., Yu, R., Tian, Y., Liu, J., & Gong, P. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105369 · Cited by 18
The role of oxytocin in the facial mimicry of affiliative vs. non-affiliative emotions
Pavarini, G., Sun, R., Mahmoud, M., Cross, I. R. M., Schnall, S., Fischer, A. H., Deakin, J., Ziauddeen, H., Kogan, A., & Vuillier, L. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104377 · Cited by 18
“Oxytocin is further implicated in reciprocal and synchronous social interactions—for example, peripheral oxytocin was found to be positively related to the degree of reciprocity between romantic partners, and it distinguished couples who were still together at a six-months follow-up from those who had broken up (Schne…”
BackgroundSocial environment as a modulator of immunosenescence
Garrido, A., de Toda, I. M., Cerro, E. D., Félix, J., Ceprián, N., González-Sánchez, M., & la Fuente, M. D. (2022) · Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1017/erm.2022.24 · Cited by 14
Hormonal changes in first-time human fathers in relation to paternal investment
Rilling, J. K., Lee, M., Zhou, C., Jung, E., Arrant, E. J., Davenport-Nicholson, A., Zhang, X., & Ethun, K. F. (2025) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105740 · Cited by 18
Genetic factors associated with empathy in humans and mice
Keum, S., & Shin, H. (2019) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.029 · Cited by 14
“However, compared to the genetic polymorphisms in the OXTR gene associated with empathy-related traits (Rodrigues et al., 2009; Schneiderman et al., 2012), the role of the”
BackgroundMakhanova, A., McNulty, J. K., Eckel, L. A., Nikonova, L. V., Bartz, J. A., & Hammock, E. A. D. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82307-z · Cited by 15
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“…that mutual gaze is important in building trust and social bonding between human infants and caretakers 28 , and is further associated with the release of oxytocin, a natural hormone that plays a pivotal role in establishing and maintaining filial attachments throughout the lifespan 29,30 .”
Pfaus, J. G., Safron, A., & Zakreski, E. (2023) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1093/sxmrev/qead034 · Cited by 14
Schweitzer, C., Melot, G., Laubu, C., Teixeira, M., Motreuil, S., & Dechaume‐Moncharmont, F. (2016) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.10.010 · Cited by 13
“In addition, the OT levels were reported as positively correlated with the expression of affiliative interactions (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSadikaj, G., Moskowitz, D. S., Zuroff, D. C., & Bartz, J. A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-69520-y · Cited by 13
Roels, R., Rehman, U. S., Carter, C. S., Pournajafi‐Nazarloo, H., & Janssen, E. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105265 · Cited by 12
Gallace, A., & Spence, C. J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6418-5_14 · Cited by 13
Zagoory‐Sharon, O., Levine, A., & Feldman, R. (2023) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106407 · Cited by 11
“, 2021), and during the initiation of a romantic relationship affectionate touch is associated with greater OT levels (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
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“OTconcentrationscanbeincreasedbyaffiliativerelationships 27,28 andalso by stress and they reduce stress.”
BackgroundMate Selection, Sexual Orientation, and Pair Bonding
Balthazart, J., & Young, L. J. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00048-x · Cited by 12
Inverse Correlation of Parental Oxytocin Levels with Autonomy Support in Toddlers
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Pets and Relationships: How Animals Help Us Understand Ourselves and Our Connections With Others
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Romantic Love and Sleep Variations: Potential Proximate Mechanisms and Evolutionary Functions
Bode, A., & Kuula, L. (2021) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology10090923 · Cited by 13
Freeman, H., Scholl, J. L., AnisAbdellatif, M., Gnimpiéba, E. Z., Forster, G. L., & Jacob, S. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105415 · Cited by 11
Burunat, E. (2016) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2016.714173 · Cited by 14
Gender Differences in Cannabis Addiction and Dependence
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Young adult females’ relationship work and its links to romantic functioning and stability over time
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“Specifically, as intimacy grows, so may self-disclosure (Kito, 2005; Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundGouin, J.-P., Pournajafi-Nazarloo, H., & Carter, C. S. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.021 · Cited by 9
“For example, in one study, people who had initiated a new romantic relationship in the past three months had higher plasma OT levels, compared to single people [43], suggesting that romantic or sexual relationships might drive increases in circulating OT [6].”
BackgroundTie-Up Cycles in Long-Term Mating. Part I: Theory
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“The role of oxytocin in pair bonding dynamics in the early phases of romantic relationships is, for example, well studied [128].”
BackgroundBasili, L. L., & Sacco, P. L. (2020) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs10020048 · Cited by 9
“For instance, oxytocin increases male reward linked to the sight of the female partner’s face [93] and is strongly active in the regulation of interactive reciprocity in the early phases of couple formation [94].”
BackgroundEarly Environments Shape Neuropeptide Function: The Case of Oxytocin and Vasopressin
Perry‐Paldi, A., Hirschberger, G., Feldman, R., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., Bazak, S. B., & Ein‐Dor, T. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00581 · Cited by 9
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Deciphering autism heterogeneity: a molecular stratification approach in four mouse models
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Feldman, R. (2023) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.16676 · Cited by 7
Self-citationOxytocin drives prosocial biases in favor of attractive people
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Representations of love in the early stages of love
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“Discursive constructions of love is another research theme (Watts & Stenner, 2013), and some interesting research has been conducted on the neurobiological and psychological contexts of love (Feldman, 2012; Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInteroceptive Awareness and Female Orgasm Frequency and Satisfaction
Dixon, E., Poerio, G. L., Rieger, G., & Klabunde, M. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14121236 · Cited by 7
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“In humans, plasma oxytocin levels may increase already when women are in a relationship (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundAn evolutionary perspective on oxytocin and its behavioral effects
Gangestad, S. W. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.08.016 · Cited by 8
Mattson, R. E., Cameron, N. M., Middleton, F. A., Starr, L. R., Davila, J., & Johnson, M. D. (2018) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000474 · Cited by 8
Diurnal changes of salivary oxytocin in healthy and psychiatric adolescents
Gizunterman, A., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., Avirame, K., Mevorach, T., Foul, Y. A., Feldman, R., & Eitan, R. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.007 · Cited by 7
Self-citationFrom Parental Behavior to Sexual Function: Recent Advances in Oxytocin Research
Dale, J. K., Harberson, M. T., & Hill, J. W. (2024) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-024-00386-1 · Cited by 7
“This hypothesis is supported by the role of mating-induced oxytocin release in the formation of pair bonds in monogamous species [96] and the importance of oxytocin release in the formation and maintenance of romantic relationships in humans [97, 98].”
BackgroundSunahara, C. S., Zelkowitz, P., Bolger, N. P., Sadikaj, G., Samuel, S., Gold, I., Hayton, B. C., Feeley, N., Carter, C. S., & Bartz, J. A. (2018) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.04.009 · Cited by 6
The Influence of Endogenous Opioids on the Relationship between Testosterone and Romantic Bonding
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“Oxytocin has been documented as an important mechanism in the facilitation of mother-infant bonding and romantic attachments/pair-bonding across species, including humans (Freeman et al., 2021; Schneiderman et al., 2012; Young et al., 2008).”
Closeness-inducing discussions with a romantic partner increase cortisol and testosterone
Chin, K. A., Reese, Z. A., Ascigil, E., Sim, L., & Edelstein, R. S. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105357 · Cited by 5
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Kázmierczak, M., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. (2022) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2022.2063911 · Cited by 5
“Interdependence, mutual communication and cooperation during the couples’ session may be reflected in the positive association between couple responsiveness and OT relative change in the total sample (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMemory response to oxytocin predicts relationship dissolution over 18 months
Cardoso, C., Kalogeropoulos, C., Brown, C. A., Orlando, M. A., & Ellenbogen, M. A. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.03.005 · Cited by 5
“Research has documented elevated endogenous levels of oxytocin in the initial stages of romantic attachment formation (Schneiderman et al., 2012) as well as in distressed couples (Taylor et al.”
BackgroundOnline Dating Habits amid Covid-19
Winking, A. (2021) · Anthós · doi:10.15760/anthos.2021.10.1.12 · Cited by 5
“High oxytocin levels are related to increased well-being and the successful development of intimate connections (Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMizuki, R., & Fujiwara, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.710718 · Cited by 4
How personality relates to probability of conception
Koehn, M. A., Jonason, P. K., & Durante, K. M. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109618 · Cited by 4
“, narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism; Paulhus & Williams, 2002) traits might be evidenced across the cycle (ie., in the same way that oxytocin facilitates greater agreeableness, broadly defined, in relationships; Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
BackgroundHenningsson, S., Leknes, S., Asperholm, M., Eikemo, M., & Westberg, L. (2021) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108164 · Cited by 4
Woszczyło, M., Szumny, A. J., Knap, P., Jezierski, T. A., Niżański, W., Kokocińska, A., Skwark, M. J., & Dzięcioł, M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278524 · Cited by 4
Zilcha‐Mano, S., Orbach, M., Malka, M., & Lebowitz, E. R. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2023.2188557 · Cited by 4
“Baseline OT, measured in both plasma and saliva, was found to be individually stable over a period of months and even years, representing a trait-like characteristic of the individual (Feldman et al., 2007, 2013; Priel et al., 2019; Schneiderman et al., 2012).”
Uzar, M., Dmitrzak‐Węglarz, M., & Słopień, A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252212046 · Cited by 4
“…and Connect” model assumes that the level of oxytocin is positively correlated with the quality of relationships, which results from the properties of oxytocin, such as reducing anxiety and defensiveness, as well as strengthening behaviors aimed at maintaining close contact and intimacy [111–113].”
Sugiyama, Y., Tanaka, S., Komagome, A., Yuhi, T., Furuhara, K., Higashida, H., Tsuji, T., Kikuchi, M., & Tsuji, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1431952 · Cited by 3
Seng, M. M., Yiadom, S. A., Otto, L., Sardesai, S. D., Williams, N. O., Gatti-Mays, M. E., Stover, D. G., Sudheendra, P. K., Dawson, E. L., Wesolowski, R., et al. (2025) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107428 · Cited by 3
“Furthermore, while OXT is thought to be important for the formation of intimate relationships (Schneiderman et al., 2012), there is not much evidence linking OXT to relationship duration (VanLaningham et al., 2001).”
Intranasal oxytocin interacts with testosterone reactivity to modulate parochial altruism
Cherki, B. R., Winter, E., Mankuta, D., Zerbib, S., & Israel, S. (2024) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-024-00066-9 · Cited by 4
“In male participants, oxytocin diminishes the association between testosterone reactivity and aggressive behavior, possibly by promoting tending behaviors such as parenting and romantic relations 63,64 .”
BackgroundAn individual-specific understanding of how synchrony becomes curative: study protocol
Zilcha‐Mano, S., Bouknik, Y., Malka, M., & Krasovsky, T. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06539-3 · Cited by 3
“Synchrony is central to human interaction, beginning in infancy and persisting over the lifespan in relationships with caregivers [10], peers [11], romantic partners [12, 13], and even strangers [14].”
Saporta, L., Feldman, R., Levi, L. W., Davidson, M., Burshtein, S., Gur, R. C., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., Amiaz, R., Park, J., Davis, J. M., et al. (2024) · Schizophrenia Bulletin Open · doi:10.1093/schizbullopen/sgae022 · Cited by 2
“56 These included: (1) a “positive interaction” in which subjects were asked to recall a positive event or experience that occurred in their lives; (2) a “conflict interaction” in which subjects were asked to talk about a conflict that occurred in their lives; (3) a “support interaction” in which…”
BackgroundSelf-citationPalacios-Arellano, M. D. L. P., Landa-García, J. N., García-Martínez, E. D., Manzo, J. G., Aranda-Abreu, G. E., Rojas-Durán, F., Herrera‐Covarrubias, D., Toledo‐Cárdenas, M. R., Coria‐Ávila, G. A., Suárez-Medellín, J. M., et al. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15090942 · Cited by 3
“Its involvement in facilitating sexual motivation and bond formation is crucial, especially in the consolidation of reproductive behaviors [66,67].”
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“11 While this association was marginal, it aligns with prior research and conceptually supports the proposed mechanistic pathway.”
Freeman, H. (2024) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/sode.12765 · Cited by 5
Interpersonal Relationships in Late Adulthood
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Szymanska, M., Chateau‐Smith, C., Monnin, J., Andrieu, P., Girard, F., Galdon, L., Schneider, M., Pazart, L., Nezelof, S., & Vulliez‐Coady, L. (2016) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.5643 · Cited by 2
“However, it appears that IN-OT can be more beneficial for some individuals than for others, and that the effects of IN-OT seem to be moderated by contextual factors (eg, presence of stranger versus friend [50]), and individual factors (eg, differences in attachment [39,43,44,51-57]).”
Salivary Oxytocin Is Negatively Associated With Religious Faith in Japanese Non-Abrahamic People
Yamada, J., Nakawake, Y., Shou, Q., Nishina, K., Matsunaga, M., & Takagishi, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.705781 · Cited by 3
“Although previous studies have suggested the individual stability of both peripheral oxytocin levels (Schneiderman et al., 2012; Feldman et al., 2013; Gordon et al., 2017) and religious beliefs (Koenig et al.”
BackgroundResult
Metadata
- Authors
- Schneiderman, I., Zagoory-Sharon, O., Leckman, J. F., & Feldman, R.
- Affiliations
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Feldman, Ruth
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1277-1285
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3936960
- OpenAlex
- W2121692487
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 10.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- US-Israel Bi-National Foundation
- NARSAD
- Israel Science Foundation
- Katz Family Fund
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Keywords
- oxytocin, romantic attachment, plasma oxytocin, couple interaction, pair bonding, relationship stability, breakup, affectionate touch, positive affect, relationship anxiety, parent-infant bonding
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Behavior, Courtship, Emotions, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Love, Male, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Young Adult
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