Brain region-specific methylation in the promoter of the murine oxytocin receptor gene is involved in its expression regulation
Abstract
Oxytocin is a nine amino acid neuropeptide that is known to play a critical role in fetal expulsion and breast-feeding, and has been recently implicated in mammalian social behavior. The actions of both central and peripheral oxytocin are mediated through the oxytocin receptor (Oxtr), which is encoded by a single gene. In contrast to the highly conserved expression of oxytocin in specific hypothalamic nuclei, the expression of its receptor in the brain is highly diverse among different mammalian species or even within individuals of the same species. The diversity in the pattern of brain Oxtr expression among mammals is thought to contribute to the broad range of social systems and organizations. Yet, the mechanisms underlying this diversity are poorly understood. DNA methylation is a major epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene transcription, and has been linked to reduced expression levels of the Oxtr in individuals with autism. Here we hypothesize that DNA methylation is involved in the expression regulation of Oxtr in the mouse brain. By combining bisulfite DNA conversion and Next-Generation Sequencing we found that specific CpG sites are differentially methylated between distinct brain regions expressing different levels of Oxtr mRNA. Some of these CpG sites are located within putative binding sites of transcription factors known to regulate Oxtr expression, including estrogen receptor α (ERα) and SP1. Specifically, methylation of the SP1 site was found to positively correlate with Oxtr expression. Furthermore, we revealed that the methylation levels of these sites in the various brain regions predict the relationship between ERα and Oxtr mRNA levels. Collectively, our results suggest that brain region-specific expression of the mouse Oxtr gene is epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation of its promoter.
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Transgenic mice carrying a reporter gene driven by 5 kb of prairie vole Oxtr 5' flanking sequence express the reporter in a brain pattern resembling prairie voles, suggesting the sequence may suffice for some aspects of brain-region-specific expression.
“Transgenic mice carrying a reporter gene driven by 5 kb of the prairie vole Oxtr 5’ flanking sequence express the reporter in the brain in a pattern resembling prairie voles (64), suggesting the sequence may suffice for some aspects of brain region-specific expression.”
From Variation in the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Predicts Brain Region–Specific Expression and Social Attachment (2016) · cites this paper as [64]
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- Authors
- Harony-Nicolas, H., Mamrut, S., Brodsky, L., Shahar-Gold, H., Barki-Harrington, L., & Wagner, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Haifa (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Wagner, Shlomo
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 39
- Pages
- 121-131
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2135606779
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 8.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Autism Speaks (3613)
- Israel Science Foundation (1901/08)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
- Keywords
- oxytocin receptor, DNA methylation, promoter methylation, brain region-specific gene expression, epigenetic regulation, estrogen receptor alpha, Sp1, CpG sites, transcription factor binding sites, mouse brain, autism spectrum disorder
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Male, Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA, Messenger, Receptors, Oxytocin, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Estrogen Receptor alpha, Mice
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