Species differences in central oxytocin receptor gene expression: Comparative analysis of promoter sequences
Abstract
The distribution of oxytocin binding sites in the brain is highly variable among mammals. Using two species of microtine rodents (voles) with strikingly different patterns of oxytocin binding sites in the brain, we demonstrate that these differences are due to differences in region specific gene expression and not post-translational processing. The distribution of oxytocin receptor mRNA closely resembles the distribution of oxytocin receptor binding sites in both species. Analysis of the 5' flanking region of the oxytocin receptor gene from both species reveals few differences in potential regulatory elements which could explain the differences in gene expression. These data suggest that species differences in oxytocin receptor binding are due to species differences in: i) distant DNA sequences further upstream or downstream which may influence expression; ii) the distribution of regulatory proteins such as transcription factors in the brain or iii) epigenetic factors, such as prenatal and perinatal environment which may affect gene expression in the adult.
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The sequence containing NT213739 overlapped peaks of DNase hypersensitivity and CTCF binding within the large intron, a region proposed to contain cis-regulatory elements in humans.
“The sequence containing NT213739 overlapped peaks of DNase hypersensitivity and CTCF binding within the large intron, a region proposed to contain cis-REs in humans (20, 61, 62).”
From Variation in the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Predicts Brain Region–Specific Expression and Social Attachment (2016) · cites this paper as [62]
The human OXTR intron accumulates rare SNPs in ASD cases.
“and accumulates rare SNPs in cases of ASD (62).”
From Variation in the Oxytocin Receptor Gene Predicts Brain Region–Specific Expression and Social Attachment (2016) · cites this paper as [62]
The amygdala possesses an unusually high density of OT receptors.
“The amygdala, which possesses an unusually high density of OT receptors (Francis et al., 2000; Insel and Shapiro, 1992; Young et al., 1996), may be a key site through which OT influences social behavior.”
From Oxytocin and social cognition in rhesus macaques: Implications for understanding and treating human psychopathology (2014) · cites this paper as Young et al., 1996
Compared to montane voles, OT receptors in prairie voles are densely distributed in prelimbic areas, including a region analogous to the primate anterior cingulate gyrus, the nucleus accumbens, the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and the lateral amygdala.
“Compared to montane voles, OT receptors in prairie voles are densely distributed in prelimbic areas, including a region analogous to the primate anterior cingulate gyrus, the nucleus accumbens, the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and the lateral amygdala (Insel and Shapiro, 1992; Young et al., 1996).”
From Oxytocin and social cognition in rhesus macaques: Implications for understanding and treating human psychopathology (2014) · cites this paper as Young et al., 1996
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- Authors
- Young, L. J., Huot, B., Nilsen, R., Wang, Z., & Insel, T. R.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Young, Larry J.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1996-10
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 777-783
- ISSN
- 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2826
- OpenAlex
- W2047692024
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 10.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- oxytocin receptor, gene expression, promoter, 5'-flanking region, species differences, brain, transcriptional regulation, epigenetic factors, transcription factors
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Autoradiography, Base Sequence, Arvicolinae, DNA, Female, Iodine Radioisotopes, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Oxytocin, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, RNA, Messenger, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Species Specificity, Transcription, Genetic, RNA Probes, Gene Expression, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Prefrontal Cortex, In Situ Hybridization, Receptors, Oxytocin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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