Positive Affect Predicts Lower Risk of AIDS Mortality

Moskowitz, Judith Tedlie

doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000073873.74829.23

Cited by 291HIV/AIDS Research and InterventionsHIV Research and TreatmentHIV-related health complications and treatments

Positive Affect Predicts Lower Risk of AIDS Mortality

Moskowitz, Judith Tedlie·2003·Psychosomatic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/01.psy.0000073873.74829.23

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the association of positive affect as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) with risk of AIDS mortality, controlling for the other CES-D subscales and laboratory measures of disease progression. METHODS: Data come from the San Francisco Men's Health Study, a prospective study of a household probability sample of single men in San Francisco. The subjects were 407 men who were HIV+ at study baseline. RESULTS: In time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models, the positive affect subscale of the CES-D was significantly associated with lower risk of AIDS mortality (RR = 0.89, CI = 0.84-0.95). When risk estimates were adjusted for time-dependent covariates of CD4, serum beta2-microglobulin, P24 antigen, antiretroviral use, and the other subscales of the CES-D, positive affect remained significantly predictive of lower risk of AIDS mortality (RR = 0.90, CI = 0.85-0.97). When the CES-D subscale predictors were lagged by 12, 24, and 36 months in order to address the possibility that positive affect was simply a marker for better health, positive affect remained significantly predictive lagged by 12 months and marginally predictive lagged by 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Positive affect seems to be the "active ingredient" in the association of scores on the CES-D depressive mood scale and mortality in this sample of HIV+ men. Future work should expand the traditional negative-affect-only focus to encompass the significant role that positive affect plays in living with HIV.

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Positive emotion is uniquely associated with a lower risk of morbidity and mortality in healthy and chronically ill samples, independent of the effects of negative emotion.
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From Use of the Chatbot “Vivibot” to Deliver Positive Psychology Skills and Promote Well-Being Among Young People After Cancer Treatment: Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial (2019) · cites this paper as [13]

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Authors: Moskowitz, J. T.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author: Moskowitz, Judith Tedlie
ORCID: Moskowitz, Judith Tedlie
Venue: Psychosomatic Medicine
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2003-07
Volume: 65
Issue: 4
Pages: 620-626
ISSN: 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/01.psy.0000073873.74829.23
OpenAlex: W2033600987
Cited by: 291
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 8.33
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01mh058069-04)
U.S. Public Health Service (N01-A132519, N01-A182515)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH58069)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › HIV-related health complications and treatments
Keywords: positive affect, AIDS mortality, HIV, depression, CES-D, depressive mood, disease progression, CD4 count, beta2-microglobulin, p24 antigen, antiretroviral therapy, men's health
MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adult, Affect, Depression, HIV Seropositivity, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk, Cohort Studies, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis

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Positive Affect Predicts Lower Risk of AIDS Mortality

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