Daytime naps improve procedural motor memory
Abstract
Background and purpose To investigate the impact of a short daytime nap on procedural and declarative memory consolidation.Patients and methods Following a normal night's sleep, 34 young healthy subjects were randomly assigned to a nap or wake condition of about 45min in the early afternoon after learning procedural and declarative memory tasks. Subjects were controlled for alertness and cortisol secretion.Results The afternoon naps were dominated by sleep stage 2 but contained some slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep as well. Naps significantly improved procedural, but not declarative, memory. Females showed more improvement than males in the declarative memory tasks irrespective of nap or wake. There was no difference between groups with respect to cortisol secretion or alertness.Conclusions A short nap is favorable for consolidation of procedural memory. The possibly confounding effect of gender should always be considered in research on sleep and memory.
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Sleep after training of perceptual and motor skills like visual texture discrimination and finger sequence tapping can produce significant improvement (gain in skill at later retesting).
“With regard to procedural memory, findings that sleep after training of perceptual and motor skills like visual texture discrimination and finger sequence tapping can produce significant improvement (i.e., a gain in skill at a later retesting) have pointed towards an active reprocessing of skill representations occurring during sleep that sharpens the respective representations (47,57,147,274,275,”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Backhaus, J., & Junghanns, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Backhaus, Jutta
- ORCID
- Junghanns, Klaus
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 508-512
- ISSN
- 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2068275106
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- daytime napping, procedural memory, declarative memory, memory consolidation, sleep, slow-wave sleep, REM sleep, stage 2 sleep, cortisol, alertness, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance, Saliva, Sleep
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