The effect of a biochar temperature series on denitrification: which biochar properties matter?
Open accessAbstract
Biochar has been shown to reduce nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from soils, but the effect is highly variable across studies and the mechanisms are under debate. To improve our mechanistic understanding of biochar effects on N 2 O emission, we monitored kinetics of NO, N 2 O and N 2 accumulation in anoxic slurries of a peat and a mineral soil, spiked with nitrate and amended with feedstock dried at 105 °C and biochar produced at 372, 416, 562 and 796 °C at five different doses. Both soils accumulated consistently less N 2 O and NO in the presence of high-temperature chars (BC562 and BC796), which stimulated reduction of denitrification intermediates to N 2 , particularly in the acid peat. This effect appeared to be strongly linked to the degree of biochar carbonisation as predicted by the H:C ratio of the char. In addition, biochar surface area and pH were identified as important factors, whereas ash content and CEC played a minor role. At low pyrolysis temperature, the biochar effect was soil dependent, suppressing N 2 O accumulation in the mineral soil, but enhancing it in the peat soil. This contrast was likely due to the labile carbon content of low temperature chars, which contributed to immobilise N in the mineral soil, but stimulated denitrification and N 2 O emission in the peat soil. We conclude that biochar with a high degree of carbonisation, high pH and high surface area is best suited to supress N 2 O emission from denitrification, while low temperature chars risk supporting incomplete denitrification.
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Infrared spectroscopy, biomarkers, and nuclear magnetic resonance can be used to assess biochar mineralization over time.
“Many techniques can be used to assess the biochar mineralization over time such as infrared spectroscopy, biomarkers, nuclear magnetic resonance among others (Weldon etal. 2019; Medyńska-Juraszek etal. 2020).”
From Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater (2021) · cites this paper as Weldon et al. 2019
Section 2.6 and the biochar-property table describe mid-infrared analysis of biochar, while Section 2.1 reports a yearly mineralization rate from a one-year incubation study. Neither passage says infrared analysis was used to assess mineralization over time, and the searched passages do not identify biomarkers or nuclear magnetic resonance as methods for doing so. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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Biochar as electron donor for reduction of N2O by Paracoccus denitrificans
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Biochar from fruit crops waste and its potential impact on fruit crops
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Biochar and Its Potential to Deliver Negative Emissions and Better Soil Quality in Europe
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Key biochar properties linked to denitrification products in a calcareous soil
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Recent Perspectives in Biochar Production, Characterization and Applications
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Biochar Application for Improving the Yield and Quality of Crops Under Climate Change
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Biochar for climate change mitigation and soil health management
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Self-citationBiochar for sustainable remediation of soil
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Biochar increased retention of 15 NH 4 + in a tropical Acrisol under rain-fed maize cropPreprint
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Self-citationInteractive Effects of Biochar and Pesticides on Native Soil Organic Matter Mineralisation
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Weldon, S., Rasse, D. P., Budai, A., Tomic, O., & Dörsch, P.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NO)
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Weldon, Simon
- Venue
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 135
- Pages
- 173-183
- ISSN
- 0038-0717 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2942752758
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 6.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- Stiftelsen fondet for jord-og myrundersøkelser
- Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment
- Research Council of Norway (NFR281113)
- FACCE-ERA-GAS project MAGGE-pH (696356)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Keywords
- biochar, nitrous oxide emissions, denitrification, pyrolysis temperature, H/C ratio, biochar surface area, biochar pH, peat soils, mineral soils, nitrate reduction, incomplete denitrification, labile carbon, nitrogen immobilization, soil amendment
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