New Perspectives on the Pathogenesis of PCOS: Neuroendocrine Origins
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine condition in reproductive-aged women. It is characterized by reproductive, endocrine, metabolic, and psychological features. The cause of PCOS is unknown, thus there is no cure and its management remains suboptimal because it relies on the ad hoc empirical management of symptoms only. We review here the strong support for PCOS having a neuroendocrine origin. In particular, we focus on the role of aberrant hypothalamic-pituitary function and associated hyperandrogenism, and their role as major drivers of the mechanisms underpinning the development of PCOS. This important information now provides a target site and a potential mechanism for the future development of novel, targeted, and mechanism-based effective therapies for the treatment of PCOS.
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Fetal exposure to high levels of testosterone during an early, critical window of embryological development biases the HPG axis toward increased testosterone production that continues throughout postnatal life.
“Fetal exposure to high levels of testosterone during an early, critical window of embryological development biases the HPG axis toward increased testosterone production that continues throughout postnatal life (Abbott et al., 2002, 2019; Filippou & Homburg, 2017; Walters et al., 2018).”
From Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome are diametric disorders (2021) · cites this paper as Walters et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Walters, K. A., Gilchrist, R. B., Ledger, W. L., Teede, H. J., Handelsman, D. J., & Campbell, R. E.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Monash University (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Walters, Kirsty A.
- Venue
- Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 841-852
- ISSN
- 1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2890654310
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15
- FWCI
- 2.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, pathogenesis, hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, women of reproductive age
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Female, Humans, Neurosecretory Systems, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Hyperandrogenism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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