Polycystic ovary syndrome: a brain disorder characterized by eating problems originating during puberty and adolescence
Open accessAbstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine condition associated with reproductive and psychiatric disorders, and with obesity. Eating disorders, such as bulimia and recurrent dieting, are also linked to PCOS. They can lead to the epigenetic dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, thereby impacting on ovarian folliculogenesis. We postulate that PCOS is induced by psychological distress and episodes of overeating and/or dieting during puberty and adolescence, when body dissatisfaction and emotional distress are often present. We propose that upregulated activation of the central HPG axis during this period can be epigenetically altered by psychological stressors and by bulimia/recurrent dieting, which are common during adolescence and which can lead to PCOS. This hypothesis is based on events that occur during a largely neglected stage of female reproductive development. To date, most research into the origins of PCOS has focused on the prenatal induction of this disorder, particularly in utero androgenization and the role of anti-Müllerian hormone. Establishing causality in our peripubertal model requires prospective cohort studies from infancy. Mechanistic studies should consider the role of the gut microbiota in addition to the epigenetic regulation of (neuro) hormones. Finally, clinicians should consider the importance of underlying chronic psychological distress and eating disorders in PCOS.
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Management, and Drug Repurposing
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Where Sex Meets Gender: How Sex and Gender Come Together to Cause Sex Differences in Mental Illness
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Burnatowska, E., Wikarek, A., Oboza, P., Ogarek, N., Glinianowicz, M., Kocelak, P., & Olszanecka-Glinianowicz, M. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15020295 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Increased cortisol levels suppressed both dopamine and serotonin release [7,61].”
BackgroundZhang, J., Ye, J., Tao, X., Lu, W., Chen, X., & Liu, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.971604 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Calcaterra, V., Cena, H., Sottotetti, F., Hruby, C., Madini, N., Zelaschi, N., & Zuccotti, G. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15163582 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“PCOS is often associated with psychosocial problems such as anxiety disorder, depression and eating disorders, particularly binge-eating and bulimia nervosa; some authors have hypothesized that PCOS may be induced by epigenetic mechanisms triggered by dietary imbalance in early adolescence [34].”
BackgroundYang, M., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Qian, W., & Tang, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1499705 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Steegers-Theunissen, R. P. M., Wiegel, R. E., Jansen, P. W., Laven, J. S. E., & Sinclair, K. D.
- Affiliations
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sinclair, Kevin D.
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-11-03
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 8211
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7663730
- OpenAlex
- W3094851791
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- ZonMw (636320005)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/R007985/1)
- the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA (1R01ES030374-01A1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, eating disorders, bulimia nervosa, puberty, adolescence, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, epigenetic dysregulation, psychological distress, body dissatisfaction, ovarian follicle development, gut microbiota, female reproductive development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Psychology, Adolescent, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Brain Diseases, Child, Female, Humans, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Puberty, Risk Factors, Age of Onset
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