Cytoprotective protein C pathways and implications for stroke and neurological disorders
Open accessAbstract
Recent studies indicate that single-action-single-target agents are unlikely to cure CNS disorders sharing a pathogenic triad consisting of vascular damage, neuronal injury/neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Here we focus on a recent example of a multiple-action-multiple-target approach for CNS disorders based on newly discovered biological properties of activated protein C (APC), an endogenous plasma protease with antithrombotic, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities in the CNS. We propose that APC-mediated signaling through the protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1) can favorably regulate multiple pathways within the neurovascular unit in non-neuronal cells and neurons during acute or chronic CNS insults, leading to stabilization of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), neuroprotection and control of neuroinflammation. Although much remains to be understood regarding the biology of APC, preclinical studies suggest that APC has promising applications as disease-modifying therapy for ischemic stroke and other neuropathologies whose underlying pathology involves deficits in the vasculo-neuronal-inflammatory triad.
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A few pharmacological agents have been reported to restore blood-brain barrier function in animal models of acute neurological disorders and neurodegeneration.
“Afewpharmacological agents have been reported to restore BBB function in animal models of acute neurological disorders (217, 697) and neurodegeneration (420).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [697]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Zlokovic, B. V., & Griffin, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Griffin, John H.
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 198-209
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3491752
- OpenAlex
- W2047455712
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL031950, HL63290, R01HL063290, HL052246, R01HL052246, R01HL104074, R01HL021544, R01HL081528, HL81528, HL104074, P01HL031950, R37HL052246)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Keywords
- activated protein C, protease-activated receptor 1, neuroprotection, ischemic stroke, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier, neurovascular unit, neurodegeneration, disease-modifying therapy, antithrombotic activity, plasma proteases
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Inflammation, Models, Molecular, Nerve Degeneration, Nervous System Diseases, Protein C, Protein Conformation, Signal Transduction, Cytoprotection, Stroke
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