Cited by 1,110Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsNeural dynamics and brain function

Interneuron cell types are fit to function

Open access
Kepecs, Adam, Fishell, Gordon·2014·Nature

Abstract

Understanding brain circuits begins with an appreciation of their component parts - the cells. Although GABAergic interneurons are a minority population within the brain, they are crucial for the control of inhibition. Determining the diversity of these interneurons has been a central goal of neurobiologists, but this amazing cell type has so far defied a generalized classification system. Interneuron complexity within the telencephalon could be simplified by viewing them as elaborations of a much more finite group of developmentally specified cardinal classes that become further specialized as they mature. Our perspective emphasizes that the ultimate goal is to dispense with classification criteria and directly define interneuron types by function.

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  • Interneuron subtypes differ in expression of molecules such as calcium-binding proteins and neuropeptides.

    “IN subtypes differ in their expression of molecules such as calcium-binding proteins and neuropeptides”

    From GABAergic Interneurons in the Neocortex: From Cellular Properties to Circuits (2016) · cites this paper as Kepecs and Fishell, 2014

  • Transcriptomic data from development appear consistent with the idea that early development is dominated by transcription-factor cascades and positive feedback, which later give way to activity-dependent feedback that refines neuronal form and synaptic connections.

    “Developmental transcriptomic data seems compatible with the hypothesis that that cascades of transcription factors and positive feedback autoregulatory loops predominate early in development, but pass the baton to activity-dependent feedback mechanisms that fine-tune neuronal morphology and synaptic connectivity (see (Fishell and Heintz, 2013; Kepecs and Fishell, 2014) for review).”
  • Cortical interneurons are developmentally derived from progenitors in the medial, caudal and lateral ganglionic eminences.

    “This diverse group of neurons is developmentally derived from progenitors residing in embryonic proliferative zones known as the medial, caudal and lateral ganglionic eminences (MGE, CGE, LGE, respectively)1.”
  • Decades of developmental studies established a clear division of transcription programmes between interneurons derived from the medial and caudal ganglionic eminence.

    “For example, decades of developmental studies have established a clear division of transcription programmes between the interneurons derived from the medial and caudal ganglionic eminence (MGE and CGE, respectively)9,31,32,33.”
  • Defining neuronal types on the basis of function seems intuitive and most relevant to nervous system operation, but neuronal functions manifest at multiple levels that carry different meanings, vary according to behavioural context, and thus seem not well suited for defining cell types.

    “Defining neuronal types on the basis of their ‘function’ seems intuitive and the most relevant to nervous system operation9,51, but neuronal functions manifest at multiple levels that carry different meanings, vary according to behavioural context, and thus seem not to be well suited for use in defining cell types.”

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. [2]Freund TF Buzsáki G Interneurons of the hippocampus Hippocampus 1996 6 347 470 8915675
  2. [50]McKinsey GL Lindtner S Trzcinski B Visel A Dlx1&2-Dependent Expression of Zfhx1b (Sip1, Zeb2) Regulates the Fate Switch between Cortical and Striatal Interneurons Neuron 2011 PMC3547499 23312518
  3. [85]Somogyi P Tamas G Lujan R Buhl EH Salient features of synaptic organisation in the cerebral cortex Brain Research Reviews 1998 9651498
  4. [109]Csicsvari J Hirase H Czurko A Buzsáki G Reliability and state dependence of pyramidal cell-interneuron synapses in the hippocampus: an ensemble approach in the behaving rat Neuron 1998 21 179 189 9697862

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Authors
Kepecs, A., & Fishell, G.
Venue
Nature
Published
2014-01
Volume
505
Issue
7483
Pages
318-326
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W1970789949
Cited by
1,110
References
120
Citations by year
2026: 46 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 92 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 105 · 2017: 107 · 2016: 82 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 26
FWCI
10.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH071679, MH095147, R01MH095147, MH071679, R37MH071679)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 081297, P01NS074972, R01NS075531, NS074972, R01NS081297)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Keywords
GABAergic interneurons, interneuron classification, brain circuits, inhibition, telencephalon, interneuron development
MeSH terms
Animals, Behavior, Humans, Interneurons, Mental Processes, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Cell Lineage, Cell Proliferation

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