The DOI matches its Crossref record; 121 of the 127 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 35 of the 64 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Microfluidics: A New Tool for Modeling Cancer–Immune Interactions
Open accessAbstract
In recognition of the enormous potential of immunotherapies against cancer, research into the interactions between tumor and immune cells has accelerated, leading to the recent FDA approval of several drugs that reduce cancer progression. Numerous cellular and molecular interactions have been identified by which immune cells can intervene in the metastatic cascade, leading to the development of several in vivo and in vitro model systems that can recapitulate these processes. Among these, microfluidic technologies hold many advantages in terms of their unique ability to capture the essential features of multiple cell type interactions in three-dimensions while allowing tight control of the microenvironment and real-time monitoring. Here, we review current assays and discuss the development of new microfluidic technologies for immunotherapy.
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Claims the paper makes
35 of 64 cited sources checked · 20 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Furthermore, cancer cells promoted macrophage proliferation[64].”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidics: modeling immune-cancer cell interactions
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [64] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Cell morphological observations; page unavailable) show a macrophage migrating toward bladder cancer cells in the microfluidic device, and the Results (Arg-1 expression in macrophages; page unavailable) report increased Arg-1 expression. Neither passage establishes that cancer cells promoted macrophage proliferation; migration and activation are different outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Recently, immunotherapies have shown promising results for reducing metastasis in melanoma or kidney cancer patients[1, 2].”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic models: developing immunotherapies against metastasis
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [1] source
The opening section describes immunotherapy as producing durable, sometimes complete tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma and kidney cancer. This supports the citing sentence’s broad characterization of promising results for reducing metastatic disease. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Partly supportedcites [2] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Evidence of clinical activity for PD1 blockade” (page unavailable), the review describes promising tumour regressions and clinical responses in patients with melanoma and renal cancer, including patients with metastatic tumours. It does not establish that immunotherapy reduced the occurrence or spread of metastases, as distinct from treating existing cancer. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“They also showed that macrophages in co-culture expressed more Arginine-1, in an analogous manner to macrophage activation in the tumor microenvironment.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidics: modeling immune-cancer cell interactions
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [48] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract and Results (‘Making up the experiment for data-drive’; page unavailable) describe co-culturing melanoma cells with mouse splenocytes and analyzing cell migration. Searches for Arginine-1, macrophage expression, and activation found no passage reporting increased Arginine-1 in co-cultured macrophages or comparing that response with activation in the tumor microenvironment. (LLM, conf=0.70)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Could not verify
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“On one hand, there is evidence that immune cells have the capability to attenuate metastasis[54–59], which provides insight into how to restore or enhance their ability to combat cancer.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidics: modeling immune-cancer cell interactions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [54] source
- Supportedcites [55] source
The Introduction reports that CD8+ T cells maintained dormancy of disseminated melanoma cells in visceral organs in the mouse model, and that depleting them accelerated tumor outgrowth. This supports the claim that immune cells can attenuate metastasis. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Supportedcites [56] source
The paper reports that natural killer cells can inhibit metastasis in mice. In the passage labeled Abstract, mice receiving Cbl-b-deficient NK cells had fewer lung melanoma metastases, and the authors conclude that those NK cells inhibit the progression of lung and distant metastases. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Supportedcites [57] source
The Results section, “Tumor entrained neutrophils inhibit seeding in the pre-metastatic lung” (page unavailable), reports that depleting neutrophils increased metastatic burden and produced about three times as many lung metastatic events in tumor-bearing mice. This supports the claim that immune cells can attenuate metastasis, specifically tumor-entrained neutrophils in this model. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [58]
- Supportedcites [59] source
The paper reports that anti-CD47 treatment increased macrophage phagocytosis of leiomyosarcoma cells, and the neoadjuvant-treatment results report that it almost completely inhibited lung metastases in mice. This supports the broad claim that immune cells can help attenuate metastasis, in the context of antibody treatment in a mouse model. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This is particularly important as there is growing evidence that cancer cells communicate with their microenvironment[29], specifically with organ-specific cells[30], resulting in organ-selectivity in metastasis[31].”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic: modeling the metastatic cascade
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [29] source
Citation [29] is attached to the claim that cancer cells communicate with their microenvironment, not to the later claims about organ-specific cells or organ-selectivity. The passage on paracrine signalling loops between cancer cells, macrophages and endothelial cells supports that claim (passage [4]; page not provided). (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Partly supportedcites [30] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) invokes the seed-and-soil hypothesis to explain why tumors metastasize to particular organs. The Discussion (page unavailable) supports a narrower finding: breast cancer cells alter the brain microenvironment, which contributes to metastatic progression. The paper does not establish that communication with organ-specific cells causes organ selectivity across metastases. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [31] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Studies have shown that dormancy can be induced by endothelial derived factors[24], thus demonstrating the need for microfluidic models that recapitulate interactions between ECs and tumor cells, using for example µVNs.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic: modeling the metastatic cascade
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [24] source
The Introduction identifies endothelial-derived thrombospondin-1 as a tumor suppressor, and the Results report that endothelial cells induced sustained quiescence in breast cancer cells. The Discussion specifies that stable microvasculature induces this quiescence via thrombospondin-1. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“One of the major current limitations of in vitro metastatic models is their lack of organ-specificity[28].”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic: modeling the metastatic cascade
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [28] source
In “Cancer cell odyssey in the metastatic cascade,” the paper calls the lack of organ-specific in vitro models a significant limitation of current systems. The “Microfluidic tools for in vitro cancer models” section likewise says that the extravasation assays discussed lack organ specificity. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Recent studies are increasingly employing microvascular networks (µVNs)[21, 23, 24], where the permeability, architecture and diameters of vessels are more similar to those found in in vivo microvascular beds (Figure 2A) [21].”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic: modeling the metastatic cascade
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [21] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes recent development of perfusable 3D microvascular networks with a more physiologically relevant configuration, and the Discussion says their permeability is comparable to that of in vivo venules. The Results describe self-organized vessels with 8–96 μm lumens, but our copy does not compare those diameters with in vivo microvascular beds. (LLM, conf=0.83)
- Partly supportedcites [23] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page not specified in our copy) describes a branched, lumenized vessel network whose heterogeneous diameters and morphology resemble tumor vasculature in vivo. This supports the architectural comparison, but the paper does not establish that the network’s permeability or vessel diameters are more similar to those of in vivo microvascular beds. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Partly supportedcites [24] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section reports that the authors grew robust three-dimensional microvascular networks, supporting this paper as an example of a study using such networks. Our copy does not establish that their vessels’ permeability, architecture, or diameters are more similar to in vivo microvascular beds, nor does it document an increasing trend in their use. No page number is available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Microfluidic assays have been designed to replicate certain aspects of several of these steps, such as EMT[13, 14], cancer cell invasion and adhesion[15–17], and intra-[18, 19] and extravasation[17, 20– 22] (see Text Box 3).”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic: modeling the metastatic cascade
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] source
- Partly supportedcites [15] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion describes a microfluidic system that models circulating breast cancer cells adhering to vascular endothelium under flow, supporting the adhesion part of the citation. It does not describe an assay that models cancer-cell invasion or extravasation. EMT and intravasation are attached to other citations in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] source
- Supportedcites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The citation is attached to intravasation, not to the sentence’s examples of EMT, adhesion, or extravasation. The Results section describes a 3D microfluidic assay with an endothelial monolayer that permits observation of tumor-cell intravasation. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Supportedcites [19] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The citation to this paper is attached to intravasation, not to EMT, adhesion, or extravasation. The Metastasis chip design and Discussion sections describe a microfluidic assay that models cancer-cell intravasation into engineered microvessels. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“These studies first showed that immune-deficient interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF-8) knockout mice develop more tumors with less immune cell infiltration than wild type animals[50], and subsequently used a microfluidic assay to investigate the underlying mechanism in greater detail.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidics: modeling immune-cancer cell interactions
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [50] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The melanoma-growth section reports faster tumor growth and more lung metastatic foci in IRF-8 knockout mice, but does not establish that they developed more primary tumors. The immune-cell infiltration section reports fewer infiltrating T cells and dendritic cells in knockout tumors, while myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration was higher; the unqualified claim of less immune-cell infiltration misses that exception. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
- Borderline: one of the tests for a substantial claim is unclear. 1
- It may state two separate claims as one. 16
- Probably not a substantial claim. 8
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Specifically, they showed that immune spleen cells lacking IRF-8 do not migrate towards cancer cells, nor interact with them as efficiently as wild type immune cells[48–50], suggesting a mechanism to explain why IRF-8 knock-out cells fail to exert proper immune-surveillance leading to a heavier metastatic burden.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidics: modeling immune-cancer cell interactions
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [48] source
The Abstract reports that only wild-type spleen cells established physical interactions with melanoma cells, while IRF-8 knockout cells showed poor reactivity. The Results (‘Making up the experiment for data-drive’) likewise report migration and clustering toward melanoma cells for wild-type cells, but no focused response by knockout cells. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [49] source
- Supportedcites [50] source
The Discussion reports that WT splenocytes crossed the microchannels toward the melanoma compartment, while IRF-8 KO cells were unable to move forward. The section on splenocyte migration also reports longer-lasting contact with melanoma cells for WT than IRF-8 KO splenocytes. The finding is supported in the paper’s B16.F10 melanoma microfluidic model. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Causal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesBorderline substantial claim. It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Although it was first observed that immune cells play an anti-tumorigenic role, it was later realized they can be “educated” by cancer cells to become tolerant to tumors and even promote tumor growth and metastasis[37].”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidics: modeling immune-cancer cell interactions
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [37] source
The Abstract says the tumour microenvironment polarizes recruited macrophages into ‘tumour-educated’ cells that promote tumour progression and metastasis. The Immune escape section describes how tumours alter immune-cell functions to avoid immune rejection, supporting the claim about tolerance in substance. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“These µVNs represent a dramatic improvement over previous 2D extravasation models such as Boyden Transwell-chambers that consist of ECs seeded onto a permeable membrane inserted in a well-plate, since transwells do not allow for dynamic high resolution single cell imaging due to the long distance of the insert from the objective.”
- Also stated in: § Microfluidic: modeling the metastatic cascade · plain
“In addition, µVNs replicate better the 3D vessel architecture and endothelial barrier function [21].”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic: modeling the metastatic cascade
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [21] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Microfluidic: modeling the metastatic cascade · plain
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“While intravital imaging has proven extremely useful in the study of metastasis[6–7], it requires specialized expertise and equipment, and high image resolution is harder to attain in some visceral organs due to the depth of their location.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic: modeling the metastatic cascade
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] source
- Could not verifycites [7] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction discusses expertise needed for microscopic inspection of plant pathogens, not intravital imaging. Searches for intravital imaging, metastasis, and depth-related limits on imaging visceral organs found no passage addressing the claim; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“For example, neutrophils are known to assist with tumor cell extravasation following platelet aggregation around the tumor cell[60, 61].”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidics: modeling immune-cancer cell interactions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [60] source
- Partly supportedcites [61] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section ('Platelet-Derived TGFβ1 is Necessary for Metastasis In Vivo') reports tumor cells associated with platelets in blood vessels and evidence that platelet-derived TGFβ1 aids extravasation. Neither that passage nor the Discussion passages identify neutrophils as assisting extravasation; a search for 'neutrophils' found no supporting passage. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“PDMS can also adsorb small hydrophobic molecules[9], which can be problematic for drug screening studies.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic vs. traditional models for cancer and metastasis research
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [9] source
The citation is attached to the claim that PDMS takes up small hydrophobic molecules. The Introduction (Hydrophobic absorption; page unavailable) describes their partitioning into PDMS, and the Discussion (page unavailable) reports a substantial reduction in medium estrogen. The paper calls this absorption into the polymer bulk rather than surface adsorption. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Finally, future studies should analyze the role of several types of immune cells simultaneously, as their interplay has been shown to be critical for some steps of the metastatic cascade[60, 61].”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Concluding Remarks
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [60] source
- Partly supportedcites [61] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes platelets shielding tumor cells from natural-killer-cell lysis, and the Discussion reports that platelet–tumor-cell signaling promotes metastatic seeding. These passages support a role for cellular interactions in metastasis, but they do not establish that interplay among several types of immune cells is critical to steps of the metastatic cascade. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The immune cell response is a spatially orchestrated process, occurring in a variety of different tissues (i.e. bone marrow, blood stream and target tissue), which can be captured in microfluidic models through spatial compartmentalization.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidics: modeling immune-cancer cell interactions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, some events of the metastatic cascade (e.g. intravasation) can be rare and thus difficult to image in vivobut this rate of occurrence can be more readily modulated in vitro.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic: modeling the metastatic cascade
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This study showed that CM from macrophage and myofibroblasts increased the migration of cancer cells. Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) produced by macrophages counteracted the migration-promoting effects of myofibroblasts.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidics: modeling immune-cancer cell interactions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [51] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Uniquely, the presence of microfluidic channels permits precise control of flow, allowing the study of many important biomechanical processes such as shear stress.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic vs. traditional models for cancer and metastasis research
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For example, retrieving cells from microfluidic devices for subsequent biochemical studies is possible but not straightforward [6].”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic vs. traditional models for cancer and metastasis research
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We propose that microfluidics systems are particularly powerful tools to replicate the metastatic environment and should thus be exploited to study cancer-immune cell interactions.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidic models: developing immunotherapies against metastasis
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, many immune cells exist under flow conditions in the bloodstream that can be uniquely recreated through precise control of flow in microfluidic systems.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidics: modeling immune-cancer cell interactions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Importantly, these studies demonstrated important differences between 2D and 3D, with tumor cells cultured in 3D spheroids showing a decreased production of TAA and HLA class I (as also observed in vivo)[47].”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Microfluidics: modeling immune-cancer cell interactions
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [47] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Microfluidic systems offer the potential for high throughput, quantitative clinical analyses.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Outlook for future microfluidic applications in immunotherapy
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Microfluidic systems are uniquely positioned to facilitate the development of personalized medicine because of the small number of cells needed from the patient and the potential to obtain rapid and automated results.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Outlook for future microfluidic applications in immunotherapy
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Microfluidic models can not only help characterize the immune-cancer cell interactions that have recently become interesting therapeutic targets, but also help in testing the efficacy of novel immunotherapies.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Concluding Remarks
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Indeed, these current “lab-on-a-chip” models are intended to facilitate time-consuming bench-top procedures, but are, after all, still “chips-in-a-lab”[86] that require external equipment (e.g. pumps, microscope) and much human intervention.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Outlook for future microfluidic applications in immunotherapy
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [86] source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eventually, microfluidic systems could represent an important intermediate step, bridging current in vitro high throughput screens and animal studies and human clinical trials.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Concluding Remarks
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite their tremendous experimental potential, to date, microfluidic studies have not been widely exploited to study cancer/immune cell interactions.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Outlook for future microfluidic applications in immunotherapy
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, an opportunity exists to capitalize on the capability of microfluidic models to recapitulate interactions between cancer and immune cells as they occur in vivo, especially during metastatic spread.”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Concluding Remarks
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Sackmann et al. estimated that 85% of microfluidic related publications are published in engineering, as opposed to clinical or biological journals, mostly as proof-of-principle studies[84].”
§ Microfluidics: A new tool for modeling cancer-immune interactions > Outlook for future microfluidic applications in immunotherapy
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [84] source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No in vitro system, including microfluidic ones, can reproduce every aspect of in vivo complexity.
“Finally, care should be taken in extrapolating results from any in vitro study, including microfluidic ones, since they can never fully replicate all aspects of in vivo complexity.”
Citations
Cites
PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer
Hartkopf, A. D., Taran, F., Wallwiener, M., Walter, C. B., Krämer, B., Grischke, E., & Brucker, S. Y. (2016) · Breast Care · doi:10.1159/000453569 · Cited by 30,989
The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy
Pardoll, D. M. (2012) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3239 · Cited by 13,838 · cited 1×
“Recently, immunotherapies have shown promising results for reducing metastasis in melanoma or kidney cancer patients[1, 2].”
BackgroundThe origins and the future of microfluidics
Whitesides, G. M. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05058 · Cited by 9,687 · cited 1×
“Microfluidics is a rapidly expanding technology that relies on the use of small channels, ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers in height or width for handling small fluid volumes[4].”
BackgroundMolecular Mechanisms of Stress-Responsive Changes in Collagen and Elastin Networks in Skin
Aziz, J., Shezali, H., Radzi, Z., Yahya, N. A., Abu Kassim, N. H., Czernuszka, J., & Rahman, M. T. (2016) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000447017 · Cited by 7,323
Macrophage Diversity Enhances Tumor Progression and Metastasis
Qian, B., & Pollard, J. W. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.03.014 · Cited by 5,338 · cited 1×
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BackgroundThe pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis revisited
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“This is particularly important as there is growing evidence that cancer cells communicate with their microenvironment[29], specifically with organ-specific cells[30], resulting in organ-selectivity in metastasis[31].”
BackgroundReconstituting organ-level lung functions on a chip
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BackgroundMicroenvironmental regulation of metastasis
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“This is particularly important as there is growing evidence that cancer cells communicate with their microenvironment[29], specifically with organ-specific cells[30], resulting in organ-selectivity in metastasis[31].”
BackgroundThe present and future role of microfluidics in biomedical research
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“estimated that 85% of microfluidic related publications are published in engineering, as opposed to clinical or biological journals, mostly as proof-of-principle studies[84].”
BackgroundMethod
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Shining a Light on Cancer—Photonics in Microfluidic Tumor Modeling and Biosensing
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Engineering Heterogeneous Tumor Models for Biomedical Applications
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Microphysiological Systems for Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Development
Peng, Y., & Lee, E. (2023) · Advanced Biology · doi:10.1002/adbi.202300077 · Cited by 17
Blood microfluidics: progress and challenges
Sheybanikashani, S., Zhou, J., & Papautsky, I. (2026) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d5lc00059a · Cited by 18
Preclinical tumor organoid models in personalized cancer therapy: Not everyone fits the mold
Hu, L., Yang, X., Lan, H., Fang, X., Chen, X., & Jin, K. (2021) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112858 · Cited by 21
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Reconstruction of tumor microenvironment via in vitro three-dimensional models
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Microfluidic Technologies in Advancing Cancer Research
Ajikumar, A., & Lei, K. F. (2024) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi15121444 · Cited by 20
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An electro-osmotic microfluidic system to characterize cancer cell migration under confinement
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Harnessing Tissue Engineering Tools to Interrogate Host-Microbiota Crosstalk in Cancer
Udayasuryan, B., Nguyen, T. T. D., Slade, D. J., & Verbridge, S. S. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101878 · Cited by 15
Bayona, C., Olaizola‐Rodrigo, C., Sharko, V., Ashrafi, M., del Barrio, J., Doblaré, M., Monge, R., Ochoa, I., & Oliván, S. (2025) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202409229 · Cited by 19
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Tan, S. Y., Jing, Q., Leung, Z., Xu, Y., Cheng, L. K., Tam, S. S. T., & Wu, A. R. (2022) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d2lc00570k · Cited by 17
Engineering Biomaterials to Model Immune‐Tumor Interactions In Vitro
Skirzynska, A., Xue, C., & Shoichet, M. S. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202310637 · Cited by 17
In Vitro Human Cancer Models for Biomedical Applications
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“This technology is expanding very fast, relying on the use of small channels with sizes from tens to hundreds of micrometers in height or width for handling small fluid volumes, allowing precise control of the cellular, biophysical and biochemical microenvironment [41].”
BackgroundExperimental investigations on biopolymer in enhancing the liquid flow in microchannel
Abdulbari, H. A., Ling, F. W. M., Hassan, Z., et al. (2018) · Advances in Polymer Technology · doi:10.1002/adv.22084 · Cited by 14
Sourcing cells for in vitro models of human vascular barriers of inflammation
McCloskey, M. C., Zhang, V. Z., Ahmad, S. D., Walker, S. N., Romanick, S., Awad, H. A., & McGrath, J. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Medical Technology · doi:10.3389/fmedt.2022.979768 · Cited by 13
González‐Lana, S., Ranđelović, T., Ciriza, J., López‐Valdeolivas, M., Monge, R., Sánchez‐Somolinos, C., & Ochoa, I. (2023) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d3lc00075c · Cited by 14
Impact of hydrogel biophysical properties on tumor spheroid growth and drug response
Cameron, A. P., Gao, S., Liu, Y., & Zhao, C. (2023) · Biomaterials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213421 · Cited by 13
An Organotypic Microcosm for the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment
Lin, M., Gao, M., Pandalai, P. K., Cavnar, M. J., & Kim, J. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12040811 · Cited by 13
“analyses and high-resolution imaging, microfluidic technology is limited in that organoid retrieval from microfluidic devices may be difficult, they can only hold a small number of organoids, and the polydimethylsiloxane matrix used to hold the organoids may adsorb small hydrophobic molecules, presenting a confounding…”
BackgroundZhu, G., Shi, X., Jiang, Y., Zhang, W., Guo, L., Pei, G., Liu, Y., Tang, D., Wang, C., & Sun, Z. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-09390-0 · Cited by 13
Wirthl, B., Janko, C., Lyer, S., Schrefler, B. A., Alexiou, C., & Wall, W. A. (2023) · Biomedical Microdevices · doi:10.1007/s10544-023-00685-9 · Cited by 12
“Such setups are a powerful tool because of the control over the environmental conditions, and they even replace in vivo experiments in preclinical drug testing (Boussommier-Calleja et al. 2016; Adashi et al. 2023).”
BackgroundLi, Y., Cui, H., & Cui, H. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202503391 · Cited by 15
The future of microfluidics in immune checkpoint blockade
Briones, J., Espulgar, W. V., Koyama, S., Takamatsu, H., Tamiya, E., & Saito, M. (2020) · Cancer Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41417-020-00248-7 · Cited by 12
“This make it a powerful tool to study longitudinal monitoring of tumor cell interactions by mimicking metastatic environment [17].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTreating Cancer as an Invasive Species
Noorbakhsh, J., Zhao, Z.-M., Russell, J. C., & Chuang, J. H. (2019) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0262 · Cited by 12
“Other recently developed cancer models cover sizes from a few cells [microfluidics (37)] to thousands of cells [organoids (38)] to billions of cells [xenografts (39)].”
BackgroundIntegrative microphysiological tissue systems of cancer metastasis to the liver
Clark, A. M., Allbritton, N. L., & Wells, A. H. (2020) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.010 · Cited by 11
Microphysiological systems to study tumor-stroma interactions in brain cancer
Neves, E. R., Harley, B. A. C., & Pedrón, S. (2021) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.06.012 · Cited by 12
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Three-Dimensional Spheroids for Cancer Research
Tutty, M. A., & Prina‐Mello, A. (2023) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3056-3_3 · Cited by 11
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Yu, J., Piazza, A. N., Sparks, S., Hind, L. E., Niles, D. J., Ingram, P., Huang, W. C., Ricke, W. A., Jarrard, D. F., Anna Huttenlocher, A., et al. (2021) · Integrative Biology · doi:10.1093/intbio/zyab004 · Cited by 10
Hofer, I., Kieffer, Y., Mencattini, A., Croizer, H., Mhaidly, R., Descroix, S., Tourneau, C. L., Kamal, M. T., Lamy, C., Bonneau, C., et al. (2025) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-25-0966 · Cited by 10
Cancer 3D Models for Metallodrug Preclinical Testing
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“In 2016, Boussommier-Calleja et al. [132] suggested that a microfluidic system could simulate the complex tumor microenvironment to study tumor-immune interactions.”
BackgroundSalehi, A., Naserzadeh, P., Tarighi, P., Afjeh‐Dana, E., Akhshik, M., Jafari, A. H., Mackvandi, P., Ashtari, B., & Mozafari, M. (2023) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101674 · Cited by 10
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Self-citationModels for Monocytic Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment
Lee, S. W. L., Adriani, G., Kamm, R. D., & Gillrie, M. R. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35723-8_7 · Cited by 11
Self-citationApplication of microfluidic technology in cancer research and therapy
Azadi, S., Es, H. A., Kulasinghe, A., Bordhan, P., & Warkiani, M. E. (2020) · Advances in clinical chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.012 · Cited by 10
Jain, K. K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62080-6_20 · Cited by 11
Rapid Prototyping of Microfluidics Devices using Xurograhy Method
Ling, F. W. M., Mahmood, W. K., & Abdulbari, H. A. (2017) · MATEC Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/matecconf/201711101009 · Cited by 10
Yoon, J. Y. S., Park, J., Nam, H., Kim, S., & Jeon, J. S. (2024) · BioChip Journal · doi:10.1007/s13206-024-00154-2 · Cited by 9
Xiang, H., Chen, F., Dong, Z., Cai, X., Xu, Y., Chen, Z., Chen, S., Chen, T., Huang, J., Chen, F., et al. (2025) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101925 · Cited by 14
“Thus, the construction of novel platforms that efficiently and accurately replicate the in vivo tumor immune microenvironment might expedite the development of next-generation immunotherapies [34].”
Moresi, F., Noto, F., Vasudevan, J., Bisteau, X., Adriani, G., & Pavesi, A. (2025) · Advanced Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/adtp.202500098 · Cited by 10
Dennison, R., Usuga, E., Chen, H., Paul, J. Z., Arbelaez, C. A., & Teng, Y. D. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12040618 · Cited by 12
Advancing Tumor Microenvironment Research by Combining Organs-on-Chips and Biosensors
Calejo, I., Heinrich, M. A., Zambito, G., Mezzanotte, L., Prakash, J., & Teixeira, L. M. (2022) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_7 · Cited by 9
Microchannel device for proteomic analysis of migrating cancer cells
Bui, L., Shen, Q., Hill, T. L., Bhuiyan, S. H., Barakat, R., Saavedra, V., Kong, C., Battiste, J. D., & Kim, Y. (2018) · Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express · doi:10.1088/2057-1976/aacd5f · Cited by 9
Nanoimmunotherapy – cloaked defenders to breach the cancer fortress
Kandasamy, G., Annenkov, V. V., & Krishnan, U. M. (2018) · Nanotechnology Reviews · doi:10.1515/ntrev-2018-0013 · Cited by 9
“The chemical environment in the microfluidic channels can be suitably altered to mimic various conditions that regulate the tumor microenvironment, thereby providing a flexible platform for evaluating different cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies on a real-time basis [61].”
BackgroundMicrofluidic systems in cancer research
Caballero, D., Luque‐González, M. A., Reis, R. L., & Kundu, S. C. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818128-7.00015-0 · Cited by 11
Bone-on-a-Chip Systems for Hematological Cancers
Kozalak, G., & Koşar, A. (2025) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios15030176 · Cited by 7
A microphysiological systems approach to design gastrointestinal system
Mathur, V., Gadre, M. A., Amrutha, H. K., & Vasanthan, K. S. (2025) · Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition · doi:10.1080/09205063.2025.2532567 · Cited by 8
“These models work as system for circulating various essential requirements such as nutrients, metabolites and gases that are crucial to create the physiological relevant and provide mechanical stimulation [159].”
Engineering and biofabrication of early cancer models
Helms, H. R., Davies, A. E., Schutt, C. E., Langer, E. M., Duhen, R., Sinawang, P. D., Akin, D., Demirci, U., Esener, S. C., Fitzgerald, R. C., et al. (2025) · Nature Reviews Bioengineering · doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00371-w · Cited by 8
Microfluidics for cell therapy and manufacturing in oncology and regenerative medicine
Duncan, J. L., Arroyo, J. P., & Davalos, R. V. (2026) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d5lc00492f · Cited by 7
Imaging: Gear up for mechano-immunology
Wan, Z., Shaheen, S., Chau, A., et al. (2019) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103926 · Cited by 7
Bonifácio, E., Torres, L. A. G., Meireles, A. B., Guimarães, M. V., & ARAÚJO, C. (2019) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105039 · Cited by 7
Offeddu, G. S., Cambria, E., Shelton, S. E., Wan, Z., Haase, K., Possenti, L., Nguyen, H. T., Gillrie, M. R., Hickman, D., Knutson, C. G., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.12.472296 · Cited by 7
Self-citationAdvances in microfluidic biofabrication technology for bone metastasis modeling
Khanmohammadi, M., Ahmadkhani, N., Volpi, M., Khederlou, K., Uppal, A., Hosseini, M., Zhang, Y. S., & Święszkowski, W. (2025) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/add95f · Cited by 8
“Fabricating microfluidic devices that integrate all these tissue-related components in a single process represents a critical advancement toward fulfilling high-throughput manufacturing requirements and mimicking in vivo metastatic bone cancer progression [113, 130, 137].”
InfluentialConvergent Science Physical Oncology
Nieva, J. J., Bethel, K. J., Baas, C., & Kühn, P. (2015) · Convergent Science Physical Oncology · doi:10.1088/2057-1739/1/1/010201 · Cited by 6
Singh, D., Singh, S., Tandon, N., & Bedi, N. (2025) · Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy · doi:10.37349/etat.2025.1002349 · Cited by 8
Modelomics to Investigate Cancer Bone Metastasis
Shafiee, A., & Hutmacher, D. W. (2018) · Current Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40610-018-0094-x · Cited by 5
Ayensa-Jiménez, J., Pérez-Aliacar, M., Ranđelović, T., Sanz‐Herrera, J. A., Doweidar, M. H., & Doblaré, M. (2020) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math9010027 · Cited by 5
“This permits, for example, a more reliable and efficient drug testing [6,7].”
MethodLymphatic Tissue and Organ Engineering for In Vitro Modeling and In Vivo RegenerationPreprint
Kolarzyk, A. M., Wong, G., & Lee, E. (2022) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a041169 · Cited by 7
“, growth factor gradient, hypoxia) cues with spatial and temporal distributions of those factors in a controlled manner (Kim et al. 2010; Boussommier-Calleja et al. 2016).”
BackgroundWu, T., Li, B., Hao, L., Zhao, F., & Liu, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2025.1604362 · Cited by 5
Condelipes, P. G. M., Fontes, P. M., Godinho‐Santos, A., et al. (2022) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d2lc00918h · Cited by 4
A Human‐Based Skin‐Lymphoreticular Model‐on‐Chip to Emulate Inflammatory Skin Conditions
Tan, Z. L., Adhikary, P. P., Wörz, D., & Hedtrich, S. (2026) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202503170 · Cited by 4
Ayensa-Jiménez, J., Doweidar, M. H., Doblaré, M., & Gaffney, E. A. (2023) · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1007/s11538-023-01194-9 · Cited by 3
Microfluidics and Future of Cancer Diagnostics
Jamalian, S., Jafarnejad, M., & Aref, A. R. (2016) · Cancer drug discovery and develogment/Cancer drug discovery and development · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45397-2_4 · Cited by 4
Application of microfluidics in cancer treatment
Shahidian, A., Ghassemi, M., Mohammadi, J., & Hashemi, M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817809-6.00009-1 · Cited by 5
Computational model of the cancer necrotic core formation in a tumor-on-a-chip device
Bonifácio, E., ARAÚJO, C., Guimarães, M. V., de Souza, M. P., Lima, T. P., Freitas, B. A. D. A., & Torres, L. A. G. (2024) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111893 · Cited by 3
Bonnet, V., Maikranz, E., Madec, M., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.17.562521 · Cited by 3
Ghoshal, D., Petersen, I., Ringquist, R., Kramer, L., Bhatia, E., Hu, T., Richard, A., Park, R., Corbin, J., Agarwal, S., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.08.588601 · Cited by 4
Hwang, S., Lee, D., Lee, Y.-G., Ahn, J., & Kang, Y. (2025) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102240 · Cited by 3
“Recent studies of microfluidic platform mimicking tumor-stromal interactions have provided valuable insight into how the microenvironment influences cancer progression [19,20].”
Ignes-Romeu, A., & Hind, L. E. (2025) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e25-08-0392 · Cited by 2
Microfluidics in bioanalytical chemistry
Nisarga, R., Pandit, P., Sangshetti, J. N., & Arote, R. B. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95533-1.00001-1 · Cited by 2
Ayensa-Jiménez, J., Pérez-Aliacar, M., Doweidar, M. H., Gaffney, E. A., & Doblaré, M. (2025) · Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11831-025-10291-y · Cited by 2
Blood-brain barrier model on a microfluidic chip for the study of tumor cell extravasation
Hajal, C. (2018) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 2
Große, M., Burchardt, M., & Caetano-Pinto, P. (2025) · Future Pharmacology · doi:10.3390/futurepharmacol5030036 · Cited by 2
Jin, S., Wu, Q., Chang, S., Zeng, S., Yin, J., & Ma, H. (2025) · Electrophoresis · doi:10.1002/elps.70020 · Cited by 1
“Multiple factors in TME can be controlled separately and precisely in microfluidic platforms [27–29].”
Bakhshi, P., Webster, T. J., Ho, J. Q., Zaer, N., & Zanganeh, S. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21521-6.00001-6 · Cited by 1
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Biomedical Engineering in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
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Microfluidics and Cancer Treatment: Emerging Concept of Biomedical Engineering
Tawade, P. V., & Tondapurkar, N. (2023) · Biological and medical physics, biomedical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-9786-0_15 · Cited by 1
Advanced microfluidic systems for the colorectal cancer diagnosis and its clinical application
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On the Simulation of Organ-on-Chip Cell Processes
Ayensa-Jiménez, J., Doweidar, M. H., Ranđelović, T., Fernández, L. J., Oliván, S., Ochoa, I., & Doblaré, M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816390-0.00016-9 · Cited by 1
Microfluidic studies on flow manipulation to assist metastasis research
Tran, D. Q. (2017) · doi:10.32657/10356/69578 · Cited by 1
3D Hybrid Bioprinting for Complex Multi-Tissue EngineeringPreprint
Alizadeh, H. V., Perez, Á., Uno, T., Muniz, R. S., Kwon, S. H., Balachandar, A., Riley, N., Le, C. A., Li, J., Zhao, P., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.06.682452 · Cited by 1
Kuo, C., Wang, J.-Y., Wo, A. M., Chen, B. P. C., & Lee, H. (2017) · International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems · doi:10.1109/transducers.2017.7994041
“While significant progress has been demonstrated in the modeling tumor microenvironment in vitro [4,5] and being compatible with existed high-throughput-screening (HTS) techniques [3], however, the plasticity of conducting such the approaches to the key hallmarks of cancer, namely cell motility and matrix invasion, re…”
BackgroundZukünftige Entwicklungen in der Immunonkologie
Shimabukuro‐Vornhagen, A., Gödel, P., Schlößer, H., et al. (2017) · Info Onkologie · doi:10.1007/s15004-017-5794-5
“Insbesondere die Entwicklung von mikro¤uidischen Chips erscheint in dieser Hinsicht vielversprechend [21].”
BackgroundDevelopment of microfluidic microanalysis systems for cancer therapeutic screening
Sabhachandani (2017) · Digital Repository Service (Northeastern University) · doi:10.17760/d20273201
Seelam, K., & Rani, A. D. (2021) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1979/1/012041
“Microfluidic based biosensors plays very vital role in future for invitro cancer modules due to their ability of modifying the cell behavior at the individual level [9].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Boussommier-Calleja, A., Li, R., Chen, M. B., Wong, S. C., & Kamm, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Kamm, Roger D.
- Venue
- Trends in Cancer
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6-19
- ISSN
- 2405-8025 (ISSN-L)
- 2405-8033
- PMC
- PMC4743529
- OpenAlex
- W2279226389
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 127
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Trends in cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Cancer Research Institute
- National Cancer Institute (R33CA174550, U01CA202177)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
- Keywords
- microfluidics, tumor-immune interactions, tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy, metastasis, tumor-immune cell interactions, 3D cell culture, in vitro model, real-time monitoring, microfluidic assay
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
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Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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