Cited by 1,158Immune cells in cancerCancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersCancer Cells and Metastasis

Immune cell promotion of metastasis

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Kitamura, Takanori, Qian, Bin-Zhi, Pollard, Jeffrey W.·2015·Nature Reviews Immunology

Abstract

Metastatic disease is the major cause of death from cancer, and immunotherapy and chemotherapy have had limited success in reversing its progression. Data from mouse models suggest that the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells to tumours protects metastatic cancer cells from surveillance by killer cells, which nullifies the effects of immunotherapy and thus establishes metastasis. Furthermore, in most cases, tumour-infiltrating immune cells differentiate into cells that promote each step of the metastatic cascade and thus are novel targets for therapy. In this Review, we describe how tumour-infiltrating immune cells contribute to the metastatic cascade and we discuss potential therapeutic strategies to target these cells.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nri3789

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  • Immune cells can be pro-metastatic at different stages of cancer progression.

    “On the other hand, it has been shown that immune cells can also be pro-metastatic at different stages of cancer progression (reviewed by Kitamura et al[37]).”
  • Immune cells can be educated by cancer cells to become tolerant to tumors and even promote tumor growth and metastasis.

    “Although it was first observed that immune cells play an anti-tumorigenic role, it was later realized they can be “educated” by cancer cells to become tolerant to tumors and even promote tumor growth and metastasis[37].”

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Authors
Kitamura, T., Qian, B.-Z., & Pollard, J. W.
Affiliations
  • MRC Centre for Reproductive Health (GB)
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Pollard, Jeffrey W.
Venue
Nature Reviews Immunology
Published
2015-01-23
Volume
15
Issue
2
Pages
73-86
ISSN
  • 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1741
OpenAlex
W2108929503
Cited by
1,158
References
131
Citations by year
2026: 44 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 113 · 2018: 113 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 41
FWCI
10.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (SIA 101067/Z/13/Z, 101067, 101067/Z/13/Z)
  • Cancer Research UK (17367)
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Cancer Institute (P01CA100324, R01CA172451)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
Keywords
metastasis, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immunosuppressive cells, immune surveillance, tumor microenvironment, metastatic cascade, immunotherapy resistance, therapeutic target, tumour-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells, tumor-associated neutrophils
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Survival, Humans, Immune System, Immunotherapy, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasms, Tumor Escape, Tumor Microenvironment

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