Role of senescence in the chronic health consequences of COVID-19
Open accessAbstract
While the full impact of COVID-19 is not yet clear, early studies have indicated that upwards of 10% of patients experience COVID-19 symptoms longer than 3 weeks, known as Long-Hauler's Syndrome or PACS (postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection).There is little known about risk factors or predictors of susceptibility for Long-Hauler's Syndrome, but older adults are at greater risk for severe outcomes and mortality from COVID-19.The pillars of aging (including cellular senescence, telomere dysfunction, impaired proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, deregulated nutrient sensing, genomic instability, progenitor cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, and epigenetic alterations) that contribute to age-related dysfunction and chronic diseases (the "Geroscience Hypothesis") may interfere with defenses against viral infection and consequences of these infections.Heightening of the low-grade inflammation that is associated with aging may generate an exaggerated response to an acute COVID-19 infection.Innate immune system dysfunction that leads to decreased senescent cell removal and/or increased senescent cell formation could contribute to accumulation of senescent cells with both aging and viral infections.These processes may contribute to increased risk for restriction; FGA = Facility for Geroscience Analysis; ICU = intensive care unit; IF = intermittent fasting; LTCF = long-term care facility; MCC = multiple chronic conditions; MERS-CoV = Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin; NAD + = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NMN = nicotinamide mononucleotide; NR = nicotinamide riboside; PACS = postacute sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection; PAMPs = pathogen-associated molecular profile factors; ROS = reactive oxygen species; SARS = severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS-CoV-1 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1; SARS-CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SASP = senescence-associated secretory phenotype; SNF = skilled nursing facility; TGN = translational geroscience network; WHO = World Health Organization
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The underlying reasons for the well-established higher risk in the elderly or in individuals with chronic disease to experience severe COVID-19 or to succumb to SARS-CoV-2 infection are multifactorial.
“The underlying reasons for the well-established higher risk in the elderly or in individuals with chronic disease to experience severe COVID-19 or to succumb to SARS-CoV-2 infection are multifactorial84,93.”
From COVID-19 and cellular senescence (2023) · cites this paper as [93]
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- Authors
- Wissler Gerdes, E. O., Vanichkachorn, G., Verdoorn, B. P., Hanson, G. J., Joshi, A. Y., Murad, M. H., Rizza, S. A., Hurt, R. T., Tchkonia, T., & Kirkland, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kirkland, James L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Translational Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-03
- Volume
- 241
- Pages
- 96-108
- ISSN
- 1878-1810 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-5244
- PMC
- PMC8532377
- OpenAlex
- W3209376120
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 169
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Translational research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Noaber Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (P01AG062413, R01AG072301, R33AG61456, R37AG013925)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- cellular senescence, COVID-19 pandemic, aging, telomere dysfunction, proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, nutrient sensing, genomic instability, intercellular communication, epigenetic modifications, low-grade inflammation, innate immune dysregulation, senescent cell accumulation, SARS-CoV-2, long-term care facilities, multimorbidity, intermittent fasting, nicotinamide mononucleotide, nicotinamide riboside, NAD+
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Aging, Chronic Disease, Humans
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